Alt - chii ichi?

Alto - haisi chete rudzi operatic inzwi, asiwo mimhanzi zvine vakakotama chiridzwa. Munyaya ino, tichakurukura vaviri zvinorehwa neshoko.

chiridzwa

Viola - a chiridzwa, ane mhando uye zano yakafanana gitare, asi wakasiyana nawo guru kukura. Imhaka ake saizi Viola rinonzwika kudzika zvikuru kupfuura gitare.

Kwenguva refu mudziyo uyu akanzi muduku chaizvo pakuita vairidza, sezvo rakanga raitirwa chokupika chete paavhareji mavhoti kuti vakanga vasina kushandiswa dzakakurumbira Vanyori.

chidzoke

Kufanana yakawanda gitare nhumbi, mumwe Viola yakabuda muna 15-16 emakore. Soviet marimba theoretician Struve aidavira kuti aiva muvambi yose tambo zvine tambo mhuri uye kutanga akabatana kwaya iri 2nd yezana remakore rechi16. Panguva ino, aitungamirira nzvimbo pakati melodic manzwi Akarumbidza Viola. Viola akanga pedyo chiridzwa ichi wayo inzwi uye kukura, uye zvava rimwe zvikonzero kuti wakapinda kwaya senzwi rapakati, chichinyatsobatanidzwa kubatanidzwa nomumwe pamwe yepamusorosoro. Saka Alto akava mhando zambuko pakati dzaisvava kubwinya mhuri kwembira uye veMubatanidzwa violin zvokushandisa.

History of budiriro

Saka, Viola kare akaramba pachinzvimbo kuzviisa pasi manzwi mumhanzi. Ichi chaiva chikonzero kuti vaiimba akaratidzawo kuzvidza kuti chiridzwa. Kunyanya kuridza Viola asina kudzidza, uye mumhanzi violinists kuti Viola vatambi vaiva vakundwa vakanga vasingagoni chaizvoizvo kutamba chero chokwadi, mumwe mudziyo. Izvi chete exacerbates zvinhu, akasimbisa chokwadi uye anozvideredza maonero Viola Vanyori.

Zvisinei, zvichemo izvi zvose zvakanga zvachose usina. The turusi ane kukwanisa guru kwazvo, waida chete munhu angadai akakwanisa kuona navo uye akanga asingatyi kupa veruzhinji. Vakava Meyul Etienne (1763-1817), uyo akanyora dhanzi Uthal, umo huru uye soro tambo Party akapiwa Alto.

Muna 1834, rimwe guru kurudza uye connoisseur underrated mudziyo Hector Berlioz akasika nezvimwe inonzi "Harold muItaly", umo huru yebato akaenda Alta. Maererano nengano, Berlioz aitarisira kuti kuratidzwa kwe kutamba wake Paganini, asi izvi kudziviswa rufu muimbi.

Inokonzera unpopularity

Alt (ona mufananidzo mudziyo. Munyaya), inomira pakati violin uye chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello, iye anyanye okutanga. Kuwedzera marongerwo uye netsika nokutamba zvakafanana, maturusi izvi panewo vemunharaunda hungiso matatu vakanyatsofanana mune ruzha. Zvisinei, muna 17-18 emakore zvakanga akasimbisa maonero kuti Viola rinonzwika nasally uye wakasuruvara. Nei iye saka rakasiyana "hanzvadzi" yake melodic uye zvinonakidza?

Chokwadi ndechokuti zvokushandisa Makavakwa achiita zvaidiwa nezvemirau yose uye mitemo mumakore iwayo vairidza vasina kushandiswa sezvo vakundwa musicians Aisagona kunotamba navo. Naizvozvo, Vagadziri gitare vakamanikidzwa kugadziridza zvekushandisa nenguva vemifananidzo, vakanga vasingadi kuti chero kuedza kuva nounyanzvi itsva unyanzvi mitambo. Saka akaberekwa ari runt Alto, iyo, pasinei kwayo kusarurama, uye rava nevakawanda musicians kwete chete, asiwo Vanyori. Zvinokosha munhau iyi kuti chokushandisa ichi kwave kuzivikanwa kunyange Paris Conservatory.

Yakanga chete rechi19 - wechokwadi Alto mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 vakadzokera bhendi, pakupedzisira displacing ndakashata kopi yaro.

Nhamba musicians

Zvinoshamisa, musicians akakurumbira zvikuru vakadai Paganini, Malaria, Vieuxtemps, Sivori, aida kuita nenzira quartet Viola uye zvachose asinganyari. Uye kunyange Vieuxtemps Viola kwakaitwa tenzi yakakurumbira Maggini, apo muimbi akaridza panguva Concerts ake. Uye Alessandro Rolla, Paganini mudzidzisi, saka sowakajeka Inoziva chokushandisa ichi, iyo inotungamira vateereri kuva manyemwe.

Saka, chete nevaimbi aigona zvechokwadi kuridza zvakanaka pamusoro Viola uye haana kuiisa pasi apa namajoko violin.

Nhamba Vanyori

Viola - iri risingadiwi kubva pakaberekwa kwaya, nhamba iyo kushanduka veMubatanidzwa polyphonic Music Handel uye Bach chokushandisa. Vanyori ava mikwende kodzero yake yechipiri gitare.

Zvisinei, pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Neapolitan chikoro chokushandisa ukoshi anotanga kuwa zvakare. Uye Vanyori vari kuramba vakatumira kuwedzera bass manzwi. Similar anogona kuwanika Haydn, Gluck uye Mozart pakati vavatorwa Tchaikovsky uye Glinka pakati Vanyori Russian.

Beethoven pakasvika kuti mumhanzi kwakaratidza ichatonga zvine mbiri Viola. The chishandiso chine pakupedzisira atora nzvimbo yaro yakakodzera, kuwana mbiri mavhoti.

tambo music

Viola - chombo tambo iri zvirire rechishanu kuvatumwa violin, uye pasi pasi kupfuura chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello. Most upotrebitelny Range riri pasi pasi duku E uye 3rd pasi pasi, asi anogona kuridzwa uye yakakwirira ruzha. Notes zvinogona zvakanyorwa treble uye Alto kiyi.

nokutamba nepfungwa

violinist Good zvaizova nyore kuti chinja kusvika Viola. Izvi imhaka yokuti nenyanzvi mutambo Kurohwa mu nhumbi idzi ndidzo chete. The musiyano chete - inzwi, zviri zvishoma opaque, inopenya uye velvety, kunyange chiduku nasal.

Kwakadaro timbre chaiwo - migumisiro kukura chokushandisa muviri chisingazivi nezvatakarerekera yayo inotungamirwa. Kana tikadaro Alto, hazvigoni kupfeka pamafudzi, asi kunogona kuridzwa yakaita chiridzwa chavo chinonzi cello.

Basa wakadhirowewa Solo Viola anoita chaizvo kashoma. Kazhinji, chokushandisa ichi chikamu tambo kana chikwata chevaimbi, apo dzaanoridza inzwi pakati. Uyewo Alto hako chikamu tambo quartets uye siyana kamuri ensembles.

Pazera ripi kutanga kudzidza kuridza Viola?

Sezvo pauduku, usaora violas. musicians Guest anoratidza kuti ive chokushandisa ichi, unofanira kutanga kudzidza kuridza gitare. Alto chete kufamba pashure chikoro mumhanzi panguva conservatories uye zvikoro. Kazhinji musicians ane hombe vibration huru nomuviri vanosarudza chokushandisa ichi.

Alto

Pane mumwe mudziyo mimhanzi, yainzi Viola (Photo mudziyo waunoona kumusoro), kana Alto. Ndiye yemhangura mudziyo mhepo kungova mhuri saxhorn. kuwanda inzwi - kubva pakati kusvika mukuru B-sandarara 1st pasi. inzwi rayo mikukutu uye inexpressive, saka Alto iri chete kushandiswa mune mhepo, kunyanya regimental zvisungo. kakawanda pauri avhareji izwi.

Alt: Inzwi

Viola mwana inzwi runhare vhoriyamu kubva duku pasi pasi F kuti F 2nd pasi pasi pasi nechikadzi. Izvi inzwi yepamusoro sezvinoreva, izvo kazhinji kunotungamirira huru vorega. The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa manotsi - munyu uye duku pasi pasi E 2nd pasi. The korasi emit zviviri Violas: kutanga uye wechipiri.

Rokutanga uye rechipiri Alto

hukuru First kubva A muduku kune F 2nd pasi. Kudzikisa inzwi boka iri zvinonzwika panguva simba uye munyoro, asi kutamira pamusoro, vanowana simba, akawana simba, uchenjeri uye hasha. Two pamusoro manotsi vanogona kunyange kunzi shrill uye kutosvorana. Beautiful ruzha machemero zvose kubva 1 ST 2 nd it pasi. Mukati mitemo iyi, violas kungapa rinoreva zvakasiyana zvinyoronyoro inopenya piyano forte uye kupenyerera.

Senzwi Viola akadana mezzo-soprano. Anopa ake matte inzwi upenyu melodic mufananidzo uye melodiousness.

Violas yechipiri pasi pasi kurira duku uye kusvika F 1st pasi. Zvavo zvatariswa - kufundumwara uye hombe mapenyu chinobata zvikuru mukana wokushandiswa uye kufamba. Uyewo, inzwi rinonzi contralto.