Concrete mugwagwa: unyanzvi hwokuvaka

The zvinokosha zvokuvakisa kuvaka migwagwa iri Asphalt. Makore matatu gare gare kunodiwa kuagadzira, uye ipapo wepagore kupora maitiro zvivako. Concrete mugwagwa Asphalt nekure kupfuura nenzira dzakawanda, asi kushandiswa kwayo ishoma.

Zvikonzero ichi ndeinotevera:

• rwakakwana kuvakwa bhajeti;
• pasi zvibereko;
• Climate;
• motokari vachizvitakudza;
• kushaya Mhando zvakafanira esimende;
• mamiriro enzvimbo.

Munyaya US, rudzi pfuma chinhu chesamende mugwagwa (mufananidzo pazasi).

Kare 50 muna America uye West kunzwisisa kwavo zvakanakira uye kuvakwa rakanga chipatapata.

Kare, kongiri migwagwa muRussia dzakaiswa kunze ndiro, kutyaira motokari zvairatidzika kufamba nezvitima pamusoro pengarava mapfundo. Zvino kuriteurira pasi uye unhani risina mvere.

Ndezvipi chesamende mugwagwa?

Concrete mugwagwa une zvinotevera zvazvakanakira:

• shungu gadziriro yacho kongiri Mix ;
• High nokukurumidza kuisira;
• mukuru simba uye mukurumari;
• wakatsetseka pamusoro, kuva adhesion hwakanaka tai;
• maonero nani sezvo zvichienzaniswa Asphalt nokuda zvakanaka reflectivity.

Migwagwa Concrete vane operative zvakanaka, iyo ine wakashandiswa kutamisa mutoro kubva vanachandagwinyira kongiri rakanyorwa vazhinji nechigadziko. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka muchirimo. Kutsauka Asphalt rinowanzoberekera irreversibly, sezvinoratidzwa chitarisiko Nzira dzaifamba uye mafungu. Concrete pauriri kunoderedza Kutsauka kwakadaro, apo kuwana huni mumari anosvika 20%.

Environmental zvikomborero chokuita kushaya ivhu swa mafuta mishonga aunonyanya kubva Asphalt. Chinotsva mari zvinoderedza choutsi. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane unhani zvimwe zvikukutu unobereka zvakawanda ruzha, asi kuwedzera uku vasingakoshi.

Simba Nzvimbo kuvaka migwagwa

Automotive kongiri mugwagwa inovakwa nokubatsira akasiyana ruzivo. Mumwe chirongwa yakasiyana. In dzemakomo, mugwagwa anotevera mamiriro enzvimbo.

Paivakwa mikuru kuedza kutwasanudza nayo: kuora mwoyo backfilled, zvikomo dzinobviswa kuburikidza makomo wakaitwa tunnels, overpasses nemabhiriji dzinovakwa. Kuti vave nechokwadi kuti mukuru-nokukurumidza muoti vavaki vanoedza kudzivisa pamawere anokwira, nemadzinza uye vachichinjana.

mazano akasiyana migwagwa chikuru kupatsanura anobva topcoat, izvo zvingava Asphalt kana kongiri. Asphalt kunofanira kwakagadzirwa kwemakore 3-4. Vamwe-refu dhonza mugwagwa kutanga kupora kana kuvaka ichigere kupera asi. Concrete mugwagwa arasikirwe 80% anodhura, asi haina zvinoda kugadziriswa makore 10 oparesheni yokutanga. mukurumari Its kunoderedza yokuzvigadzirisa mari. Kana kuisa munhu chesamende mugwagwa rinoitwa qualitatively, rinoshanda emakore anoverengeka pasina overhaul.

The nemamiriro mugwagwa

Construction nekongiri Migwagwa rinoitwa dzinotevera akaturikidzana:

• mimwe,
• underlayment;
• kongiri bemhapemha.

ivhu gadziriro

Kudira kongiri kunotangira ivhu kugadzirira uye kugadzira yacho kunangiswa rukoko. Ivhu inofanira kuva batana. Izvi nyore zvinosimbiswa nokunamatira nahwo simbi bhaa 12 mm paukobvu. Anofanira kuva nhengo kuti kudzika hapana anopfuura 60 cm. Kana chisimbiso hazvivakwani, pamutsago mberi prosyadet uye kongiri kuparara.

Primer chisati chavapo ukatyvayut. Kunyanya kuteerera izvi zvekufuga kwayo. Muchiitiko chino, rinopfungaira zvinoitwa akaturikidzana. Soil compaction zvinoitwa optimum mwando kugutsikana. Type uye uwandu pemipata ari chinotenderera kuti kusarudzwa experimentally kubudisa bvunzo rinopfungaira. Kana mwando iri pazasi bvumidzwa kukosha, ivhu anofanira wakanyorova. Kana zvinondiremera ichakasangana nezvimwewo, zvinoita yapera kusunungura, kuwedzera jecha, gang kana dzimwe nzira.

Wastewater

Kana akavaka kongiri mugwagwa, mabikirwo anogovera kuti caffeine kwavari thawed, mvura uye mafashamo mvura kunyange pamberi pakuvaka roadbed. Basa munzvimbo iyi rinoitwa vaviri muguta uye mberi.

Midziyo kongiri mugwagwa ane pombi kunayisa zvakakodzera kuwedzera upenyu basa uye kuvandudza kutyaira ezvinhu. On pemvura mugwagwa ngozi kuendesa mvura panguva yayo kufamba. Ndirasikirwe adhesion kuti jira, mwaya kubva mavhiri kudzivisa mamiriro, uye chando kuumbwa panguva kuoma nechando. Kuti vadzime mugwagwa pamusoro inofanira tilted muna transverse uye longitudinal mirayiridzo, vakaitwa sezvo zvikasabudiswa akaturikidzana. Mujinga inoputswa ne zvinodhura uye pave kutsvetera kuti ingava kana kuvimba-mukoko. Nzvimbo apo mvura anogona kuunganidza, zvichienderana uye akafukidza ivhu nedreniruyuschim.

Kunze guta mvura kubva mumugwagwa yabviswa mune motokari muchitokisi. upamhi ravo 1-2.5 M mvura anounganidza mavari uye asunungurwa kupinda kugamuchira mvura :. munoyerera, wechisikigo kana chakagadzirwa muviri mvura, rwizi mubhedha. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, sero pave kutsvetera 1-4% dzakavakirirwa patsangadzi uswa, mavhu, ibwe kana kongiri detrital.

Munzvimbo mhiri mvura dzacho Unoenda guta mapaipi. Mano ayo yokururamisa nguva vakachenesa kuzadzisa zvinodiwa throughput.

The mvura kuti seeps muvhu, ndiyo ngozi mugwagwa. It anopiwa akaturikidzana ose seepage, akadai mavhu. It akaisa Zvikwepa abudise pamwe slits kana maburi. Vanogona ngachibikwe mapurasitiki, kongiri kana zvedongo.

Works pamusoro yavaive rwemotokari nezvisungo thawed, dutu uye mafashamo zvakaitwa pamberi pakuvaka roadbed.

Kuisa zvekufuga rukoko

On jecha ivhu iri 20-40 masendimita gobvu mutsago. Pasina zvinoita kutarisira, asi yekudyidzana KUNOTADZISA aibuda mwando kubva pasi, uye kunonatsiridza abudise. Zvakakosha kudzivirira blurring uye chando nyandu, zvichiita kuti chitarisiko in uye makatsemuka ari chesamende monolith. Dambudziko chikuru pave ivhu yevhu, peat kana chimwe, rinogona kuunganidza mvura. Zvinonzi zvishoma kubviswa uye nechepasi vakasindimara zvikamu zviduku vachiwana mabwe, uye ipapo mavhu. Kukwirira akaturikidzana pashure compacting iri masendimita anenge 30. Kubva kurovedza dzavo mari uye pakuti sei zvikuru nguva vachavaka migwagwa kongiri. Shoma ukobvu zvitsigiro anoenderana ivhu mhando uye okunze mapazi. It chinorondedzerwa muna matafura. Pakati akaturikidzana ose akasiyana zvinhu ndokuisa geotextile.

Achidzivirira rukoko mumwe anogadzirwa zvaidiwa pamasikiro longitudinal uye transverse materu.

Stone garo zvinhu kazhinji kusimbisa zvinhu rine kubatanidzwa ehupfumi. Izvi zvingava simende kana nemaindasitiri: granulated metallurgia gang pamwe Kuwedzera wavapenyu kwesuko, vanobhururuka dota pamusoro chafariz simba pazviteshi, pasi gang. The akaturikidzana vanofanira monolithic, kuti runowanikwa kushandiswa nokusungwa nziyo uye kungwarira rinopfungaira.

Zvakaitika kuvaka michini kazhinji zvinoda wokuwedzera kuwedzera simba rezasi rukoko. Kuti aite izvi, kunosimbisa cementitious nziyo.

formwork

Formwork rakagadzirwa nematanda vaguta urefu, inova 100-150 mm. Kusarudza kwayo, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kumicheto chesamende rakanyorwa akaita mbabvu kuti vawedzere simba raro. Pakukora mapuranga vanofanira zvinenge 50 mm. sezvamunoita ravo zvemapuranga, nyore dzokubudisa kubva nechando rakanyorwa. Pakazosvika formwork vehuni zvinodiwa simba huru yakachena kongiri uye masimba yomuka panguva kushanda tamper.

Kana ukashandisa rinorema mugwagwa muchini compaction uye kongiri kupedzisa, simba iine simbi formwork. Hazvina avhiringidze uye zviri refu. The bedzi ine chawo, izvo anowedzera kutsiga.

Section shuttering akagadzawo mu-mutsetse uye vakachengetwa pei. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana muri kuita rinorema kongiri vibrating michina. Munzvimbo kuderedza vakaisvoipa yomuropa pasi formwork ndidire akaturikidzana dzakaonda kongiri kuti mukuru pakusimba.

Concrete mugwagwa: ndiro kugadzira unyanzvi

majoini Asati kuisa kongiri anogadza kuwedzera kubvumira Slabs kuenderera vertically uye yakatambarara riwedzere dzavo kana compression.

1. Kuwedzera majoini

Kukanda zvikamu vanoparadzaniswa zvachose. Nokuti grouting zvinhu parinoshandiswa, absorbs simba: ane insulating paperboard, nyoro huni, koko chete bhitumini. Kuidzivirira kubva muguruva namabwe yokumusoro musono nzvimbo kuti kudzika 40-50 mm zvinokosha kuti mvura sealant. Kana isina kuitwa nguva, kuwedzera chesamende Slabs nematombo zvinogona kutyora kure.

Kure pakati stitches mu dzinodziya okunze ose 20-30 mamita rakavimbika unhani kwenguva refu Slabs ndiyo 50% uye nokuda pfupi -. 85%. It kunoratidzwa kuramba cracking walnut pakati overhauls. Monolithic bemhapemha vachitsigirwa simbi tsvimbo, mukavaisa vazvo.

Vari akagadzawo kubudikidza divi chiso kana chaiwo mudziyo nokuda pavers. Kana pakakoromorwa pakati pedyo mahwendefa kure vanopfuura 6 m, kumusoro butiro akatasva zvenguva vazvo kuti kudzika 1/3 pakati pakukora chesamende. majoini dzenhema dzakadai uye kuti mugwagwa akabatana.

Upamhi mapoka maviri mugwagwa 6-9 m. The tembiricha-vanodzokera chisimbiso iri pakati pavo longitudinal makatsemuka havana dzakaumbwa.

2. Kuisa nekongiri

Nemarara rukoko rwunopera isapinda bepa, mvura kana wakanyorova. Concrete anoiswa pamusoro pakukora panguva imwe nguva. Kana chisimbiso parinoshandiswa, kutanga yazara rukoko Ukobvu 30-40 neMM, ari pamusoro payo grid, uye ipapo akazadza kusvikira pakuguma shuttering.

The kongiri muvhenganiswa rinofanira kuiswa nokukurumidza, nokuti ndiko chinhu chine musoro pfupi nguva. Pakubvisa mvura haagoni kuva, nokuti zvichaita kuti kuparara zvemaziso zvivako nendiro.

Nokuda yakawanda makagadzirira-kugovera fekitari kongiri inodururika. Pashure tichibvisa mumotokari iye inoputswa chinokosha muchina vakapakata mashizha nemhepo. Musanganiswa iri asunungurwa pana 1 mamita ³ uye noruvara akaisa, kana achava murwi guru iri pasi denser pane dzimwe nzvimbo. In muitiro nokuputsa unevenness ichi hunoponeswa, izvo zvingaita kuti vawedzere shrinkage malouplotnennyh nzvimbo. Saka pamusoro pemvura ndiro akaumba dzegirini. The yakanakisisa nzira iri dzakafanana kuisira nekongiri muna 2-3 akaturikidzana.

3. Concrete chisimbiso

Equipment nokuti compaction nekongiri ari matanda repuranga kana simbi, izvo kungowira wakaiswa payo pneumatic nenyundo. Zvinonzi achinyatsotaurira chesamende kunovhengana uye kutama mukati maro. Kana kugadzira chikamu inoguma, danda riri akasimudza uye kune imwe nzvimbo.

Paaishandisa vibratory armature bhaa kunofanira kubva pamukova chinhambwe 5-7 masendimita kumusoro.

Vibrating muchina zvakare unotora kunze vibrating screed riri mberi.

By plasticity of kongiri sanganisa chaiwo zvinodiwa. Zvinofanira kunge zvakakwana Mobile, asi kunyanya mutete, kana zvikasadaro zvinotora nzvimbo dislodging, muchifashukira kuburikidza formwork - simba kuipa.

Pashure zvishoma koukukutu chesamende rakanyorwa uchidururwa nemvura kudzivisa makatsemuka kubva kupwa kunze. Her chifukidziro jecha, mashanga nepanhovo, burlap kana kanivhasi. Nzira yemazuva ano kudzivirira kwemvura iri sprayed padenga rakanyorwa pamusoro nokuomesa sealant. The film-dzichiumbwa mumiririri rinoshandisirwa pepasi uye kumicheto. zviri pamberi kunodiwa kubvisa zvakawandisa mwando kubva unhani.

Low unhu kongiri muvhenganiswa kunotungamirira kudiwa kugara mumugwagwa igadziridzwe.

mhedziso

Mabikirwo kuvakwa nekongiri Migwagwa kunoramba kuri nani, nemhaka zvinotevera:

1. Uvandudze unyanzvi uye ruzivo unyanzvi.
2. Kuvapo multi-nerevane mukuru-waivako michina.
3. uvandudze of unyanzvi zvokushandisa, izvo anobvumira kuti kuderedza remaoko.
4. Kushandisa itsva yepamusoro zvinhu.

Pasinei yepamusoro mutengo, mutengo kugadziriswa nekongiri Migwagwa iri chaizvo isingasviki yokugadzirisa Asphalt.