Dystrophy - ndiko kuti mushonga? Chiropa, mwoyo, cornea, tsandanyama

Dystrophy - chirwere umo nyama dzomuviri kumbowanikwa kurasikirwa kana kuunganidza zvinhu dzisiri zvakananga kuti chakaipa mamiriro.

Kukuvadzwa masero uye intercellular fuma kunotungamirira kuti hosha nhengo hunoguma ishande zvakakwana. Hwaro chirwere ichi trophic zvirwere (nhevedzano pezvakaitwa kuti zvinopa rinokosha rinoitwa masero).

zvinokonzera

zvokurwara ichi ane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvakasiyana. Zvinogona kuva nhaka metabolic zvinetso, zvirwere, mupfungwa uye matambudziko hwepfungwa, vazodzikisa kutapata, atadze kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro nemudumbu, murombo zvokudya, asina kunaka kwechirwere siyana zvinoita, chromosomal uye somatic zvirwere.

Hazvina kuipa kuti dystrophy - chirwere chinobata chete rokusamhanyira vacheche. Kukura chirwere chakadai kunogona kukonzera refu achitsanya kana nekumwisa carbohydrate tubhokisi zvokudya zviri zvokudya. The chinokonzera vachiberekwa dystrophy kungava muduku kana, pamusoro mai zvinopesana, vakwegura.

zviratidzo

Zvichienderana mhando nekuomarara maperembudzi ane madhigirii matatu, iyo nevamwe zviratidzo inozivikanwa.

The yokutanga dhigirii - murwere ari vasanyanye uremu muviri uye tsandanyama matauriro, nyama havazodi kwakavharwa nenyama, anetseka rokuzvidzivirira, pangava nezvinetso chair.

Second dhigirii - tikafunga mberi uremu kunova wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose, vanogona kunyange kutsakatika subcutaneous zvinyama, muviri anotambura nokushayiwa mavhitaminzi.

Chechitatu Degree - nhengo iri kwezvinoshandiswa chose, munhu anetseka kufema uye mwoyo basa, akaderedza muviri tembiricha uye BP.

Uyezve, marudzi ose dystrophy vari pamwe mukuru zviratidzo: murwere zvakare kufara, iye akaderedza kana asina kudya, anetseka hope, pane vakawanda simba, pane kuchinja uremu muviri, gastrointestinal zvirwere, akaderedza kutapata. munhu uyu haazivi kuti dystrophy zviratidzo debit kuti kuneta kana kunetseka.

kupatsanura

Patsanura chirwere maererano akawanda zvinodiwa. Saka, maererano Nezvekwakabva zvokurwara riri vachiberekwa uye vawana, pamusoro kuwanda kwacho - yomunharaunda kana mukuru, maererano Exchange kutyorwa pfungwa kusiyanisa puroteni, mafuta, carbohydrate dystrophy. Zvichienderana apo kwacho iri mupasi, chirwere kungava cellular (parenchymal), extracellular (mesenchymal, stromal-vascular) uye zvakasiyana.

Uyezve, voga mhando dzakadai zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, uye gipostatura paratrofiya.

Kushaya Zvokudya Zvinovaka Muviri - vakawanda chimiro chirwere. Hazvina chokuziva uye vawana. Hwokuratidza kushaya uremu muviri pachinhu kukura murwere.

Paratrofii kana pane zvinopfuura uremu muviri, izvo zviri kukonzerwa zvokudya zvinovaka muviri uye muviri.

Gipostatura kwakunoitwa chete kushaya uremu uye kukwirira maererano nemitemo kuti rimwe zera.

vachiberekwa dystrophy

Ichi ndicho mugumisiro nhaka kusagadzikana muviri kwemapurotini, kwemafuta kana makabhohaidhiretsi. Kana muviri wemwana asingadi kuwana chero enzayemu, kuwanda kunoitika haana ozeyewa chose zvibereko muviri ari munyama kana nhengo. Pasinei localization kwacho, pane nguva dzose kuvadza nechepakati tsinga rinenge iyo inotungamirira kurufu.

Zvichienderana nzvimbo zvinotevera zvirwere ichi:

Cell (parenchymal) nuna degeneration

Ichi dambudziko kuti kunoitika apo boka masero kuti vane basa kushanda kwemuviri, pane metabolic chirwere. Pakati zvinhu kutsamwisa kukura chirwere chinogona kucherechedzwa hypoxia, utachiona, kudhaka (kunyanya doro), murombo muviri uye vhitamini kukanganisika.

Mumwe muenzaniso zvokurwara akadaro degeneration chiropa. Kunoratidza pachayo iri kutadza chiropa masero kuita mabasa avo, zvichiita kuti yokutsiva yavo mafuta tishu. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuzvimba uye cirrhosis.

Zvakakomba migumisiro vane chakasimba uye hunokachidza chimiro chirwere. Chokutanga Hurumende iri kufambira kukura, asi Zvingaguma chiropa kukundikana. Hunokachidza chiropa dystrophy ndicho chikonzero necrosis nemasero ayo.

Dystrophy mwoyo - mumwe muenzaniso cellular mafuta degeneration. Panyaya iyi myocardial kukuvadzwa, ayo basa iri vasingadzoreki. Heart kunowedzera ukuru, kuti myocardium inova flabby, yero, muka kubva endocardium micheka nokuda gogonera deposition mafuta. Mafuta degeneration kwomwoyo ndiwo mugumisiro hypoxia (okisijeni kushaikwa), zvirwere kuti kukonzera metabolic kwepfungwa, kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri.

Protein parenchymal degeneration

Rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda:

- hyaline droplet degeneration dzinoratidzwa kuunganidza mu itsvo (dzimwe nguva anorwara kubva chiropa kana mwoyo) mapuroteni mumate. Izvi zvinoitika kana itsvo zvirwere zvakadai vakawanda myeloma, glomerulonephritis, amyloidosis. The chirwere vovanda uye kunoita kuti kusingarapiki nemigumisiro.

- Kana hydropic (hydropic) dystrophy mune nhengo (chitaka, adrenal, myocardium, ganda masero) rinowanika sumbu mapuroteni mvura mumate. Nechinyoreso kuvapfuura muchitokisi inomuka chibharuma degeneration (the tsanga anomanikidzwa arikunze). Kukonzera yakafanana mamiriro zvinogona kutyorwa mvura-munyu muviri, hypoproteinemia, edema, zvirwere uye intoxications.

- Rogovaya dystrophy dzinoratidzwa paumbwe horny fuma, apo hazvigoneki kuva, kana kuti kunyanya kuunganidza apo chinofanira kuva chakaipa mari (ganda, nzara). Kutsamwisa chirwere anogona beriberi, ganda kuremara okukura, kutapukirwa noutachiona, uye chisingaperi kuzvimba.

Chipikiri dystrophy zvingaguma nei kutapukirwa, zvirwere ganda, malfunctions gastrointestinal, kwemakemikari anobudiswa kana epfungwa. Uyezve, zvokurwara uyu dzimwe nguva aine zvimwe zvirwere zvemwoyo uye kweropa nehurongwa.

Chipikiri dystrophy inogona vachiberekwa kana vawana. In vachiberekwa chimiro chirwere angava kusavapo rakazara, rive dete uye thickening yacho chipikiri ndiro. Akawana chirwere dzinoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro chipikiri ndiro, chipikiri rusesi kana zviitwe. Uyezve, ezvipikiri ndiro ringave convex, pamwe transverse uye longitudinal grooves. Zvikonzero chirwere chakadai angava eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, chipikiri kunotevera.

Cornea degeneration ane mhando dzakawanda:

- Hyperkeratosis - ane nekumwisa puroteni paganda.

- vachiberekwa hyperkeratosis ganda, unonzi ichthyosis. muviri achangoberekwa wacho akafuka gobvu ganda kuti afanane chikero hove.

- leukoplakia - chirwere umo mucosal coarsen. Izvi pachena cervix, yegurokuro, pamuromo, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Parenchymal carbohydrate dystrophy

Ndicho pamusana kupanana glycogen uye glycoproteins nekukasika. Zvaipesana glycogen muviri hunhu pathologies zvakadai cheshuga kana glycogenosis.

Nokuda huchaita muviri womunhu glycoproteins mumasero kunokonzera kuwanda mucoids uye mucins (madzihwa fuma). Izvi zvinoitika muna zvirwere zvakadai rhinitis, gastritis, bronchitis uye zvichingodaro. D.

Extracellular (mesenchymal) dystrophy

Zvinoita kuti stroma (yakavakirwa rinoumbwa connective zvinyama) miviri. Panyaya iyi, kwacho kunosanganisira yose zvinyama uye ropa midziyo. Muenzaniso kungava retinal dystrophy. The chirwere vangava vachiberekwa kana vawana. Muvanhu, ungaderedza kutarisana acuity, zvakaoma kufamba murima. Panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura chirwere chiri retinal yokuzviparadzanisa meso kana pigmentalnaya dystrophy. Kazhinji muzvirongwa kwacho uye cornea.

corneal dystrophy dzinoratidzwa ayo opacity, ungaderedza kuona acuity uye aikanganiswa. Zvingava nhaka kana vawana. The chirwere mberi nokukurumidza, anokunda maziso vaviri, saka zvakakosha chaizvo nenguva kuongorora chirwere.

Zviratidzo, izvo zvinofanira kuteerera - ndiwo marwadzo uye yokumwe muviri manzwiro mumaziso, meso akatsvuka, mvura maziso, kutya chiedza, ungaderedza chiratidzo.

Secondary corneal dystrophy chinovapo somunhu mugumisiro mupfungwa. Kungavawo nokuda vhitamini kushaikwa, akatamisira zvirwere collagen, vachiberekwa yemaziso.

Chinonzi dystrophy - chirwere kuti kunoratidzwa mberi tsandanyama simba uye degeneration. Rakajairika mhando mbiri.

Duchenne chinonzi dystrophy

Kunyanya kunoitika muvana. In chirwere ichi pane kuwedzera mhuru tsandanyama nokuda mafuta kuwanda nekutarisa kushandiswa nekuwanda connective tishu. The chirwere kwazvo uye kwakasimbiswa nokukurumidza, makore 12 ari murwere anorasikirwa kukwanisa kufamba famba. vanhu vashoma vanorarama anopfuura makore makumi maviri.

Steinert chirwere

Zviri Inonyanya nedzevakuru. The chirwere chinogona nhaka, zvinoita sokuti chero zera. Pakati zviratidzo zvokutanga zvinogona kucherechedzwa myotonia (pashure rokutema tsandanyama faranuka zvishoma nezvishoma) uye kusava nesimba tsandanyama dzechiso. Progressive degeneration tsandanyama zvishoma nezvishoma, kunokanganisa kumeso tsandanyama uye mwoyo tsandanyama.

Kana mesenchymal mapuroteni dystrophy unogona kutambura chiropa, itsvo, chirwatata uye mumasero adrenal womunhu. vanhu vakura kwakakanganiswa mwoyo uye pfungwa.

Stromal vascular nuna degeneration - chiitiko ichi chinorwadza nodular deposits pamusoro Mbabvu dzevanhu (semuenzaniso, dercum chirwere). The chirwere inogona omunharaunda uye mukuru, kutsamwisa kuunganidza zvinhu, uye kurasikirwa kwavo.

Mugumisiro mesenchymal carbohydrate dystrophy zvinogona edema, kuzvimba kana kunyoroveswa pamusoro mapfundo, mapfupa uye shwashwa womunhu.

Mushonga uye Kudzivirira

Mushure iwe kuisa chaiyo nechirwere, zvakakodzera mberi pakarepo kuti kurapwa iri chirwere zvichienderana ayo mhando nekuomarara. Sarudza mazano kwokurapa kuchabatsira mazvikokota, asi nekuda chero dystrophy kuronga kuchengetwa zvakanaka vanorwara, kubvisa zvinhu zvose izvo zvinogona kunetsa matambudziko.

Kuwedzera kuitisa zvinhu kurapwa Zvinokoshawo kuchengeta hurumende masikati, uye kuramba ane kunyatsoteerera kudya, anonzi chiremba, waida itsva mhepo, hydrotherapy, maekisesaizi.

Nokuti kudzivirira chirwere ichi nokuda utano hwavo anofanira kunyatsoongorora kuongororwa, kure sezvinobvira kubvisa zvose zvisina zvinhu kungamutsawo degeneration chero mhando.

Hunosimbisa rokuzvidzivirira, mudye ndaisagona uye akanaka, muviri uye kudzivisa kuneta mupfungwa - ichi chichava yakanaka Kudzivirira haisi chete ichi, asi zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda.