External uye zvemukati marongerwo Amphioxus

Lancetshaped hozhwe - kuti nguva refu inonzi iri mhuka inoshamisa. Zvino masayendisiti kuziva chaizvo dzose dzinotsanagura kupfuura chinyakare mumiririri dzinokosha zvaimirirwa Chordates. Pakuonekwa, dzomunyika maumbirwo Amphioxus uye zvimwe vasiri ayo pezvakaitwa uye ichakurukurwa munyaya yedu.

History yakawanikwa uye dzinogarisana

Kare muzana remakore rechi18, akakurumbira Russian mufambi uye musayendisiti Peter Simon Pallas inowanikwa Sea Black Mvura translucent chisikwa diki. Nechokunze, zvaiita yakafanana mollusk. Uyezve ongororo uye maumbirwo Amphioxus akaratidza kuti muviri uyu chordates dzekare. Kubva iye tinobva zvose vertebrates.

Amphioxus zvakasikwa kuwanika pasi mumakungwa uye nyanza. Iye ngaararame akavigwa mujecha panguva kudzika 25 mamita. The mazana remhuka ichi inowanikwa plankton - the uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. nemhuka pamusoro pechiso chemvura. Kana jecha riri zvakare vakasununguka, Amphioxus burrow mariri kwazvo zvikuru, achifumura kunze chete chikamu chiduku pamberi kuguma muviri. Kana pasi penyika rinoumbwa silt, ivo chete nhema pamusoro pemvura. Amphioxus anogona kunyange kufamba pakati tudonhwe jecha nyoro.

mhuka idzi vanosarudza kugadzirisa misha, nhamba yevanhu hunosvika zviuru zvevanhu. Kuita pamwaka akatama, pamwe chete ivo akunde daro anoverengeka makiromita.

External mamiriro Amphioxus

Sechivako Amphioxus, kana pane muviri chimiro, tsunga zita rayo. In chitarisiko kwazvo zvakafanana kuvhiya tambo. Zvakanyorwa kunzi Lancet. Muviri mhuka flattened laterally. Mugumo pamberi ndiyo tapered uye shure oblique vakatongoparadzwa. Pazuva ventral uye dorsal divi anofukidza chimiro pazvirugu, izvo batanidza kuva lanceolate muswe zenze pakupedzisira muviri. Kukura mhuka iyi zvidiki - kusvika 8 cm.

zvifukidziro

Amphioxus kwokunze Chimiro - kuchikonzerwa muviri pakavha. Iye hunomiririrwa pechifukidziro jira - chimwe paiva epithelium. Kubva pamusoro payo akafuka mutete rukoko pamusoro cuticle. Kufanana hove, ganda masero zvibereko zvakawanda madzihwa anofukidza muviri wose. Under pabutiro jira iri paiva connective tishu.

Marangwanda uye tsandanyama

Avilable Amphioxus rinotsanangurwa uye maitiro kupa rubatsiro uye sangano. Zvinonzi akaronga nani chinyakare. Marangwanda vanomiririrwa Chord, iyo anomhanya pamwe muviri wose kubva mberi mugumo kusvikira necheshure. Musculature ane chimiro tambo mbiri. Vanokweverwa pamusoro mativi ose axial netambo. mamiriro akadaro zvinoita kuti tiite chete Amphioxus yokudzokorora. kufamba. With tsandanyama iye anokotama muviri mumwe divi. The notochord zvakare anoita somunhu aenzanise - agadzirisa Amphioxus.

Zvakakurukurwa dzomunyika maumbirwo Amphioxus

The womukati mamiriro nezvazvo pakati zvikuru chinyakare chordates. Dzavo pusa mhando zvokudya. Hadzina firita vanongodya. Zvomudumbu hurongwa sequentially. Inoitwa muromo, pahuro uye ura vane chiropa tubular outgrowth. Simba mabviro nokuti Amphioxus vari crustaceans diki, ciliates,-siyana algae, mazana vamwe chordates.

Water filtration hunonyatsobatana kuti muitiro kufema. On masvingo pharynx ndiwo mamwe masero pamwe cilia. Zvavakaita kunoita kuramba tichiwana mvura inopfuura nomunyika pharynx uye Gill slits. It wo kuitwa gasi exchange. Zvadaro, mvura anosunungurwa kusvikira kunze kuburikidza Gill pore. Uyezve, yakachena Absorção de Água uye kusunungurwa carbon dioxide inobvisa kunoitika kuburikidza yokufukidza muviri.

In Amphioxus vane unyanzvi hwakasiyana nhengo kuti excretion. Dzinonzi Nephridia. vakawanda ichi aiwanzopiwa wokushanda mabhanzi. Vari zvakazara akazara muviri, uye mumwe mugumo yokutanga kusvikira kunze ari okolozhabernuyu mhango.

The kweropa Hurongwa haisi kuvharwa. Inoitwa midziyo miviri - the ventral uye dorsal. Mwoyo chisipo. Ndiwo mashandiro ari abdominal mudziyo kuburikidza nawo ropa circulates ripple. It mixes pamwe mhango fluid kugeza zvomukati uye nokudaro kuita gasi exchange.

Tsinga kuchibva chubhu akaiswa pamusoro Chord. Hazviiti kuumba thickening, saka uropi muna Amphioxus vasipo. munhu chinyakare mamiriro hwakadaro tsinga uye kuupenyu murombo kukura kwepfungwa. Ivo vanomirirwa olfactory gomba, riri pamberi kuguma muviri. It anokwanisa kunzwisisa makemikoro chipo nemvura munzvimbo yakanyauka mamiriro. Pano riri uye tentacles kuti vave tactile nenyere. Achitevedza Neural chubhu vari masero photosensitive.

Kubereka uye kubudirira

The womukati maumbirwo Amphioxus uye anosarudza mhando dzokubereka nadzo. Hazvina dioecious nemhuka kwokunze muchangosangana. Kugadzirwa zvisina kunanga nokuda mazai kuva mazana, izvo pakutanga kuyangarara mumvura uye akafanana furaya hove. Vakaguta, kukura, uye pashure imwe nguva singi kusvikira pasi, vachiviga mumwe mugumo muviri mujecha. Amphioxus Life hunotarisira ndiwo makore 3-4.

Zvichireva Amphioxus zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwevanhu

In Southeast Asia Amphioxus kudya. Uye munharaunda iyi ivo chipfuro marudzi kwemazana emakore. Varedzi kuvabata ngaatarire kubva zvikepe munguva kubva August January, maawa mashomanana pashure yakaderera vavimbezve. Kuti aite izvi, shandisa chinokosha chokushandisa. Zviri nesefa padanda pakati sengere. Mugore, takabata mumwe emapoka matani Amphioxus. Kubva ndezvevakazvigadzirirwa madhishi wokutanga, rinogona zvakakanyiwa namafuta, yakabikwa kana akaomeswa kuti ekisipoti. Nyama mhuka iyi zvinovaka muviri zvikuru, akapfuma mapuroteni uye mafuta.

Amphioxus vari chinyakare zvomumvura chordates kuti dzinoiswa sezvo subtype Golovohordovye bescherepnyh. Ivo ringatungamirira ndakagara mararamiro uye kudya kubudikidza mupise. Pari, havasi chipfuro marudzi chete, asiwo anoshandiswa pakutsvakurudza nokuti kudzidza mavambo uye taxonomic chinzvimbo mhuka Munyika akabvumira kuziva mapatani ari Kushanduka chordates.