Kuvhima katuriji. Hunting cartridges kuti caliber 12

Kuvhima katuriji rakasiyana vachirwa pamusoro musiyano kwekumira bara akanyatsondibatsira uye chikonzero rufu. Kunyange zvazvo pfuti kubvira muzana remakore rechigumi nemana, rimwe zvombo uto refu chaizvo nguva yava kushanda hapana kusiyana pakuvhima. With pokumuka maoko kusiyana akatonyanya raidudzwa: rokuvaka, akakiya hurongwa, hunde dzacho, simba rokuparadza uye siyana vakakurirwa chinangwa.

katuriji

Pakutanga kwezana rimwe firearm katuriji akafanana ari "mugadziri", izvo zvinofanira nokukurumidza kunyatsoomerera kuti "unganidza" muhondo, uye kuti nguva kupfura kubva pamberi mupikisi wenyu. Oga, madota dzakadururwa kupinda mudende, ipapo adzosa bara, ipapo dzakaparira chibani, uye pakupedzisira bara yakarira.

Sam katuriji kunorondedzerwa se zvombo kuti zvombo zviduku, akapiwa imwe danho. Shoko rokuti "unitary" zvinoreva kuti nhare nokuda ruoko kutakura projectile zvakakodzera (bara kanisita, chikamu chiduku), mumwe uwandu upfu uye Kamudzira (igniter eremendi). The constructs zvingava zvimwe zvikamu zviri muchimiro mugaba (nomusimboti), apo chikamu chiduku rakazara kana kanisita.

12 caliber katuriji

Pasinei unoshamisa kusiyana wokuvhima zvombo, vakawanda zvombo navo, vari kuvhima cartridges 12 calibres. Nhamba iyi inoreva kuti chidimbu mutobvu yairema rimwe paundi gumi mabara zvinogona kugadzirwa.

Popularity iri nyore akatsanangura, vane-chinja uye akakodzera kunovhima:

• waterfowl - shiri, dhadha,
• dondo mutambo - black Grouse, capercaillie, ptarmigan, Grouse;
• mhuka duku - gava, tsuro;
• pakati - mhuka musii, mhumhi, nondo.

geji Izvi zvinowanzoshandiswa uye kuti mutambo.

marudzi cartridges

The cartridges pamusoro caliber 12 pakuvhima rakakamurwa marudzi vanoverengeka zvichienderana zvinotevera unhu:

1. Mashoko kubva iyo liner:

• simbi;
• bepa;
• epurasitiki.

2. Maererano mhando upfu:

• smoky;
• isina chiutsi.

3. Charge mhando:

• buckshot;
• chikamu chiduku;
• bara.

Uyezve, pane musiyano uye sezvo chikamu, izvozvo zvinogona kuitwa simbi kana kutungamirira. Kuvhima katuriji iri mureza kana kunowedzera upfu mutariri. Nokuti mumwe mhando wokuvhima anosarudzwa imwe mhando michina.

An chinokosha chakarurama kuti nhare kuchaita sleeve kureba. Panowo ane pachake nuances ayo nerimwe vebasa:

• 12 geji shotshell, ruoko urefu: 65 neMM, 70 neMM, 76 neMM, 89 mm. Anoshandiswa nepfuti okuvhimisa waterfowl, dondo mutambo, svikiro uye mutambo diki.
• Grapeshot caliber cartridges 12, ruoko urefu: 65 neMM, 70 neMM, 76 mm. Anoshandiswa nepfuti kuti kuvhima svikiro kadikidiki mhuka.
• 12 caliber mabara bara, ruoko urefu: 65 neMM, 70 neMM, 76 mm. Anoshandiswa nepfuti kuti kuvhima mhuka huru.

Buckshot chakapatsanurwa uye anotarisa zvikuru zvakafanana nomumwe uye akagadzirwa zvakafanana nezvinhu. Musiyano mukuru pakukura. Chakapatsanurwa akadana balls diki ine dhayamita pamusoro 1.5 mm kusvika 5 neMM, chinhu yakakura, yainzi kanisita. High unhu pellets zvichienderana chairatidzika - dzose bhora, hapana voids mukati. Kupatsanura chikamu chiduku classifies ayo 16 kukura (mu Russian). The duku - 1.25 mm mu dhayamita, ane kamuri 12, chinonyanya - 5.00 neMM, ayo nhamba 0000. unozotevera nhamba Mumwe kunosanganisira kuchinja ari dhayamita kukura zvikamu zviduku kuti 0.25 mm.

Cartridges nokuti kuvhima zvombo pamwe buckshot yakashandiswa hombe uye svikiro-kukura mutambo. Pfuti kanisita aimiririra chikuru chakapatsanurwa pamwe diameters kubva 5.25 mm kusvika 10.00 mm.

The kusarudza cartridges

Zvichienderana yasarudzwa mutambo kunovhima deko mhando:

• Kuvhima pfuti cartridges. Kushandisa zvawakarairwa chakapatsanurwa ane dhayamita kubva 1.5 mm kusvika 5 mm. Okuvhimisa waterfowl, dondo mutambo.
• Grapeshot nemabara. Nokuti kushandiswa mutariri kanisita (chikuru chakapatsanurwa) kuva dhayamita kupfuura 5 mm. Zvakatapwa pamusoro svikiro kadikidiki mhuka.
• Bara cartridges. Mabara akashandisa mhando dzakawanda: museve muswe stabilizer, kumativi, turbine (nokuda kwayo kuvakwa motokari mhepo rukova unoshandiswa), pfungwa-turbine. Big mutambo. Iyi haisi gurupu mabara anobudiswa munyika, hazvibviri zvakarurama kudziverenga. Pane chakajairika nyika yose mabara mazita zvemitambo uye kuvhima zvombo. A inokosha Yokudzidza chidimbu. Achiongorora zvaive zita rinoratidza zvaimirirwa bara uye magadzirirwo ayo zvimwe. Somuenzaniso, mabhii ari «FMJ» bara kunoratidza kuti projectile ane zvose-metal deko. Izvi mhando inoshandiswa zvemitambo uye kundovhima.

Kunyora kunobatsira kusarudza zvakarurama zvombo kuti kuvhima zvombo. A pfupi akanyorwa anoudza dzinokosha parameters: chinangwa (kuvhima), geji saizi, mhando gunpowder, ndokupfura nhamba, ruoko urefu.

caliber

Pane tsanangudzo zviviri caliber:

• ari dhayamita of bara;
• kukosha mugero dhayamita yacho chombo dhiramu.

Calibers wokuvhima cartridges dziwande uwirirane Upfu nepfuti chiteshi. Uye caliber smoothbore uye dzichapambwa zvombo vane nyora siyanei.

Pfuti calibrated kunyange integer: 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36. The akakurumbira zvikuru munyika vanoonekwa gauges 12, 16, 20, 28, 32 uye 36. Saka, akataura zvombo uye iye - kuvhima zvombo 16 caliber. gradation Izvi zvinoita nyore tonotora zvombo kuti zvombo.

Caliber pfuti akatsunga pedyo ramazana ane millimeter. In vaitaura Chirungu kunyika vanotenda masendimita. Somuenzaniso 7,62 mm kana 5.6 mm. Saizvozvowo, imwe caliber anoshongwa - kunovhima cartridges 7,62. Dhayamita kuti pfuti mabara vanofanira hazvo dzinoenderana dhayamita yacho hunde. Ipapo bara anotora rotational kufamba.

Kubva Kukura zvakaoma nerongo, asi pamwe kusarudzwa pakati mabara kungwaririra. The Chirungu-mutauro Kunyora zvinoda vamwe ruzivo. Kusarudza kunobva kuenda nokuchengeta, chinofanira kuva chakanakisisa zvakarurama panguva kunonyanyisa siyana kana kunonyanyisa amise simba, iyo achaiswa kubudiswa mutambo muvhimi - diki kana hombe. Chokuguma udza yakanaka kuita.

Zvombo kuti mutambo

Kuvhima, mitambo uye kunovhima cartridges zvakasiyana kuhondo kushayikwa hwakasimba sesimbi moyo nemabara. The chikuru basa zvombo zvakadaro - rova chimwe chinangwa, iyo haina unodzivirira repfuti. Kurwisa bara kuburikidza anoisa mutambo guru kuti anogona ricochet kubva ibwe kana matanda, iri nengozi uye nezvimwewo kurishandisa kunovhima.

Find chaizvo parameters, izvo zvinogona pachena kusiyana kuhondo uye kunovhima kana mutambo-kunovhima zvombo kwakaoma zvisingaiti. A kuwanda zvombo, zvinangwa zvakasiyana, asi chakafanana zvachiri inoendesa ndechokuti yokuvhima pfuti rinogona kushandiswa uye mhenyu zvombo.

Sporting uye kunovhima pfuti anenge zvakafanana. Musiyano uri kuti mitambo zvikuru kushandiswa: vane zvakawanda uremu, ane hwomutambarakede mubato bhokisi chaiyo, cartridges nokuti vachiridzira 12 caliber. In kunovhima nepfuti nzvimbo chikumbiro iri zvishoma yakakura.

Vakaraira cartridges

Huge zvakasiyana-siyana zvombo achibvumira kugutsa zvinenge zvose zvinodiwa vavhimi uye sportsmen. sarudzo iyi inopa kuvhima chitoro. Cartridges inopihwa sezvo mabara, uye kanisita kana hacho. A chinokosha drawback mishonga yakadaro iri akatura upfu guru uye kwakawedzera uremu hacho.

Kumba, kuti zvombo nokuchengeta akasungwa zvikonzero zvikuru zviviri:

• Chekutanga, zviri isingadhuri zvikuru pane kutenga kugadzirira akagadzirwa zvigadzirwa;
• Chechipiri, Chinyorwa kugadzirwa kunobatsira kuti vabudirire yekudyidzana nani pfuti kurwa.

vavhimi vazhinji, kunyanya ane ruzivo, vanosarudza kuita pachake zvombo zvavo. Sales vose zvokubikisa zvakafanira kubudisa kuvhima katuriji:

• Capsules. Available mune mhando mbiri nokuti indoor uye panze isina chiutsi upfu kuti upfu dema. Pasherufu upenyu - 3 kusvika 6 makore asi kana kuchengetera mugaba kwave chisimbiso, kuti capsules vaine unhu hwavo kwemakore 10.
• Gunpowder. Nokuti dosing Makwande kushandiswa, ari kushivirira - hapana kupfuura 0,05 magiramu. Zvichienderana katuriji uye pfuti mhando anosarudzwa fomu madota. Chikanganiso chakaitwa beginners zhinji ndechokuti vanotenda kuti zvimwe upfu kudira kupinda katuriji, kuti hubudirire vachange kupfura. Possible zvakazokonzerwa "busting" kuti upfu - mudende gwanza, hazviiti simba, nokuderedza kururama. Pamahombekombe gunpowder nokuda 12 geji kunoratidza kufadza linkage.
• Wads. Maererano nemitemo, kureba wad havagoni kuva kupfuura-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu dhayamita. Material iyo akaita wad angava akasiyana: akanzwa, mapurasitiki, bepa, makadhibhokisi, dehwe, hemp. Iri cylindrical chubhu, chinangwa iyo - kusiyanisa upfu kubva mabara kana shrapnel zvikamu zviduku.
• Bara, mabara, buckshot. Mumwe mhosva inogona akaiswa kuvhima zvombo. 12 kunosanganisira kushandisa rakakodzera caliber mabara, uye vaviri wads - chikuru uye anoshanda. Vari inoiswa nenzira yakadaro kuti kusiya pakaputsika 5 mm kuti inofamba. In kunovhima cartridges ose caliber 12 anoshandiswa kanisita dhayamita 8 millimeters. Cartridge giya iri sezvinotevera: iri makadhibhokisi wad kana liner wadururirwa kusvikira pamuromo sawdust, ipapo vanounganidza kanisita (zvidimbu zvina) uye zvakasimba rammed. Next, kudzokorora muitiro, kusvikira kechitatu kushandisa kartechiny matatu chete, chifukidziro gasket uye kuruka Collet. Kuwedzera kururama moto, muise pfumbamwe kartechin. Chucks vane chikamu 12 geji kugadzirwa muchicherekedza kurema pfuti. Kuyera chakapatsanurwa duku zvinoberekwa upfu dispenser, a makuru - saizi zvinonyatsoenderana zvose kana chete nhoroondo. Mushure achizadza mhosva anofanira kusiyira kumucheto kwete asingasviki 4 mm kureba, kuitira kuti unogona sungisa nayo. Vachisundira asiterisiki inoda dzinenge 11 millimeters, uye gasket haisi kuzvireva.
• Gaskets. Vari wakaitwa gobvu isiri omarara makadhibhokisi. The optimum Ukobvu 2.4 millimeters. Yakatengwa Mapedhi kupfeka zvidimbu zviviri.
• Sleeve. Achingwarira yasarudzwa ruoko pakureba kupfupika - achaita achiipa kurwa iri refu zvakare - kunogona kukonzera yakaoma kuwedzera kumanikidza. Ndakapedza cartridges anogona kushandiswazve, kunze mapepa. Plastic angakudzivisai kusvika kurira kwepfuti gumi, simbi - kupfuura yakasimba. Vanoda nenguva dzirikure kuchenesa pamusoro oxide uye chin'ai. Netsaona, makatsemuka, nengura uye kurukutika - izvi zviratidzo unusable cartridges.

Ndinorova kunovhima cartridges - basa rakaoma uye zvishoma usina kuchengeteka. Kuvapo zvinobata moto gunpowder zvinoda kungwarira uye vakangwarira pamwe wabata navo. Open moto haabvumirwi.

Of midziyo runodiwa:

• dispenser nokuti upfu;
• chikero uye iine zviyereso;
• Special matanho vave dzaona kuti upfu uye bara;
• Mira kuti vanoitisana;
• WHU - yezvisikwa mudziyo Sidorenko, nokuti akakodzera ngowani;
• navoynik, kushandiswa dosylka wad.

Wakagadzirira caliber katuriji uye chitoro panzvimbo yakaoma.

We kugadzirwa munitions hapana unovimbisa pasherufu upenyu. All zvinoenderana pokutangira zvinhu. Kana ungano inogona kushandiswa akwegura gunpowder uye Kamudzira itsva, nuances dzakadaro dzinofanira kufungwa nezvazvo. Kana kunonoka dzinenge imwe chikamu katuriji, hazvigoni kushandiswa, sezvachiri nengozi.

smoothbore zvombo

Munhu kuvhima katuriji anogona kunzi mumwe mapoka makuru matatu:

• For nepfuti, anotsvedzerera mudhiramu mugwara. Cartridges nokuti zvombo zvakadaro kunogona kuva bara, grapeshot, uye bara.
• Nokuti nepfuti, hunde ane helical shinda. Pairi unogona kupfura bara uye shotshell.
• Nokuti "kutsanangura", sezvo zvombo zvakadaro anotsvedzerera mudhiramu ari tomu ane okurwadzisa. zvakagadzirwa Izvi zvinoita kushandiswa mhando dzose zvombo: bara, bara kana grapeshot.

Kuvhima zvombo smoothbore panofanira kuva cylindrical ruoko inopiwa kuvesa fiyuzi, mumwe projectile (ichi chive kanisita, bara, bara), kuti propellant nokuchengeta, wad, gasket.

Mhosva uncoated akaita mutobvu. Efficacy bara vachiridzira uye kanisita mukati 60 mamita. Mamwe mabara kuti nepfuti inogona kudzikamiswa kutiza.

Zvichienderana katuriji mhando, rinogona kushandiswa dzemitambo kana mudzidzi kana nyanzvi kunovhima imwe mhando.

Zvombo nokuti nepfuti conventionally akakamurwa:

• chiduku-caliber - 28 vakasuwa 32 vakasuwa 36 ndipo;
• srednekalibernye - 16 vakasuwa 20 vakasuwa 24 ndipo;
• guru-caliber - 4 th, 8 vakasuwa 10 vakasuwa 12 ndipo.

To musi, sezvinoita chombo uye zvombo kuti caliber 4 8 uye havasisiri rakapa. 10 caliber hariwanikwi uye chete kunyenga United States. The gauges yasara vane kunosiyana madhigirii kukurumbira uye kudiwa pakati vavhimi uye sportsmen.

Threaded cartridges

Dzichapambwa kunovhima cartridges zvinoshandiswa kunovhima mhuka ine carbine kana pfuti. The bara inopiwa ane nyoro kutungamirira chinoumba uye deko zvakaoma. Maererano mitemo, ari kuvhima cartridges hazvibvumidzwe kubva kushandisa zvombo uye simbi cores, discontinuous uye tracer nemabara.

Modern indasitiri anokwanisa kusangana zvinenge zvose zvinodiwa vavhimi kupfura bhora hukuru zvose panguva dzakasiyana akareba. Unogona kusarudza chekawo kunovhima cartridges pamwe kusiyanisa rakapinza simba uye ballistic maitiro.

Muzvitoro kuti kutengesa kuvhima zvokushandisa, hwakakwana mudonzvo achagara kukwanisa kurayira mutengi yakanakisisa zvombo kuti zvombo iripo. Ko kusiya rubatsiro nyanzvi, akasiyana-siyana zvombo zvakadaro guru kuti ichocho hachisi nyore mariri. The rworudyi kusarudza cartridges hunovimbisa kubudirira pamusoro kuvhima. Zvisiri akasarudzwa caliber kunovhima cartridges angaita kwete chete kukuvadza kune zvombo, asi kukuvadza pasi shooter pachake.

The kukurumbira vamwe mavanga 12-caliber zvombo

Rating cartridges ine nevatengi wongororo - vavhimi. Ndivo nevatsoropodzi chikuru chigadzirwa ichi. Vakawanda mavanga 12-caliber zvombo:

• "Glavpatron" - yakaitwa Tula. Zvombo yakavimbika, kugadzikana, hwakanaka, anonzwisisa mutengo.
• "Rus" - yakaitwa Tolyatti, wokuRussia zvinoriumba inokwanisika. Vakashandisa ruoko 70 mm uye marapiro zvikamu 32-34 magiramu.
• "Taiga" - yakaitwa Tula. Vakapakata mabara vapfurwa.
• CJSC "Tehkrim" - kugadzirwa mu Izhevsk. Very akasiyana pakusarudza yepamusoro cartridges.
• "Magnum", zvikurukuru kushandiswa vachiridzira kure 50 m. Nokuti cartridges akashandisa chikamu svikiro uye makuru caliber vachisimudza 40-44 magiramu. Igaroziva shoma bara, kurova anokudzwa.
• "SCM Industry" zvibereko mamwe nevanhu kunovhima cartridges 12 calibres. Zvakarurama Zvekushandisa vagadziri dzavatorwa. Best pena mukamuri:

- № 5, №6, №7 kusvika 40 metres - pamusoro Grouse, Woodcock, Dhadha;

- № 2, №3, №4 kusvika 45 metres - a hanzi, nembira;

- nhamba 000-1 kusvika 50 metres - gava, tsuro, raccoon, hanzi.

• "Tahoe" kunobereka zvakasiyana siyana zvombo. Chakapatsanurwa № 9-4, mabara, kanisita, nokuti nepfuti chambered 70 mm. Kuti vatambi kushandisa cartridges chakapatsanurwa № 5, 7, 9.
• "Vetter" chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru nevanhu mavanga. Ndivo yepamusoro oornag mutengo. Nokuti Mhando dzakasiyana okuvhimisa chero mutambo. Cartridges vane anokosha nyora, akadai "Capercaillie", "Duck" uye vamwe.
• "Clover" akaita yepamusoro zvokuvakisa, kuti pasuru ane nyore uye zvakajeka chokuguma. The peculiarity pefiyumu ichi ndechokuti cartridges kuti marudzi ose cartridges wakaumbwa mapurasitiki, urefu - 65-89 mm. Chakapatsanurwa kunyanya kutungamirira, nomumwe ivhu - hwendarira. zvombo chinyakare Fit chambered muna 70 mm.

Kugona kunzwisisa mhando zvombo uye zvombo navo uye ane mazano divi - kuchabatsira kuita chisarudzo chakarurama uye kuwana mufaro chaiwo achibva pakuvhima.