Ngura: Mhando ngura kudzivirira nzira

Ngura - ndiko kuparadzwa simbi, zvedongo, matanda uye zvimwe zvinhu pamusana kwemakemikari kana physico-makemikari kudyidzana. Kana zvinokonzera ichi chisingadiwi maturo, ivo vakasiyana. Kazhinji, izvi STRUCTURAL kusaenzana kune thermodynamic zvinokonzerwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Ngatitorei vanyatsoona kuti ngura kwakadaro. Types ngura uyewo zvechokwadi kufunga, uye kudzivirira hakusi kupfuura wehurukuro.

A vachitova Vhuṱanzi

Taiwanzogara kunzwa izwi "ngura", iro rinoshandiswa kana ngura yacho simbi uye alloys. Pane here chinonzi "kuchembera", - maitire Polymers. Kutaura zvazviri, vari mumwe uye zvakafanana. Muenzaniso unoshamisa - kukwegura pamusoro inogadziriswa rabha nyaya nokuda aiita basa okisijeni. Uyezve, vamwe mapurasitiki zvikamu vanoparadzwa ne mvura. The kuyerera zvazvingava ngura kunobva nharaunda umo nzvimbo iri. Saka, ngura pamusoro simbi chigadzirwa achapiwa vakagovera zvikuru nokukurumidza, dzakanga tembiricha. Uyewo inokanganisa mwando: dzakanga ndiko, kuti nokukurumidza chicherwa anova kukodzera kuti zvishandiswezve. Empirically kwatemwa kuti inenge 10 muzana simbi zvigadzirwa irreversibly debited uye chaikonzera - ngura. ngura Types vakasiyana, uye dzinoiswa zvichienderana norudzi nhau, hunhu aibuda uye zvakafanana. Ngatitarisei navo zvizere.

kupatsanura

Pari kune anopfuura maviri dhazeni pachake rusting. Ratinoparidza chete inokosha mhando ngura. Conventionally, vanogona kuva kukamurwa zvinotevera mapoka:

• Chemical ngura - chirongwa nekuita ane kungatikanganisa ezvinhu, apo oxidation pamusoro simbi uye oxidizer kupora kuchiedzwa chete chiito. The simbi uye oxidant havasi spatially kuparadzaniswa.
• Electrochemical ngura - simbi kudyidzana rikurumidze pamwe electrolyte mhinduro. Zvisinei Ionization kwemaatomu uye oxidizer kupora zviridzwa zvakasiyana,, zvikurukuru pakuti kumhanya ari electrode zvaigona.
• Gas ngura - kwemakemikari rusting simbi shoma mwando kugutsikana (asingasviki 0.1 muzana) uye / kana mukuru tembiricha iri gaseous svikiro. Kakawanda, mhando iyi inowanikwa makemikari uye peturu Mazinga.

Uyezve, pane rakakura yakawanda ngura kwendangariro. vose vane ngura. Types ngura Kuwedzera kumusoro, zvinosanganisira zvoutachiona, radioactive, mhepo, kuonana, kukamura uchishandisa, zvichingodaro zita rusting.

Galvanic ngura uye mamiriro ayo

In yakadaro inofanira kuparadzwa kunoitika pamusoro kuonana pamusoro simbi chete electrolyte. Sezvo yokupedzisira angava condensate kana mvura mvura. The zvakawanda Urume ine munyu uye acids, dzakanga magetsi conductivity, uye nokudaro kuerera mwero kwacho. Kana nzvimbo dzakawanda asingatani ngura yacho simbi mamiriro, izvozvo rivets, welds, zvokuimba kukuvara nzvimbo. Kana STRUCTURAL ehupfumi resimbi chiwanikwa kuti husingakwanisi rusting, zvichiitika zvishoma nomumugwagwa kwaitora nguva, asi richiri kuenderera mberi. Muenzaniso mukuru ndiye zinc. Chokwadi chokuti zingi ane zvimwe kunaka zvinogona kupfuura simbi. Nokuti ichi chikonzero nyore, mumwe chiwanikwa simbi ipfupi, uye zingi corrodes. Zvisinei, pamberi oxide firimu pamusoro pechiso DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA muitiro nokuparadzwa. Chokwadi, nemhando dzose electrochemical ngura vane ngozi chaizvo uye dzimwe nguva kunyange zvisingabviri kubata navo.

mushonga ngura

Kwakadaro chinja simbi kazhinji. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiyo panowanikwa pakafunuka kunobva kudyidzana pamwe okisijeni nesimbi zvigadzirwa. Mukuru tembiricha iri nyaya anoita somunhu akisarareta acho, uye kunogona pa- mvura zvakadai semvura, munyu, acids, alkali uye munyu mhinduro. Achitaura nezvinhu zvakadai mhangura kana zingi, oxidation kwavo kunoita kuti mamwe yakagadzikana firimu ngura. Steel chete chigadzirwa chimiro iron oxide. Uyezve makemikari pezvakaitwa kukonzera ngura, izvo haripi chero kudzivirira mimwe kukuvadzwa, asi inoita kuti ichi. Parizvino, mhando dzose kwemakemikari ngura zvinopedzwa pachishandiswa galvanizing. Anogona kushandiswa uye nedzimwe nzira yokudzivirira.

Types nekongiri ngura

Zvakachinja marongerwo uye zvibereko brittleness nekongiri pasi pokudzora kwezvakatipoteredza rinogona zvitatu mhando:

• Kuparadzwa samende ibwe zvidimbu - chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana mhando ngura. Ane nzvimbo iri chiitiko kuti chigadzirwa nekongiri vakanga zvakanyatsorongwa pachena kuti mvura kana zvimwe mvura mvura. The zvichiguma karusiyamu hydroxide yasukwa uye kwakakanganiswa marongerwo.
• Kudyidzana pamwe acids. Kana samende ibwe achava uchikurukura acids, anoumba karusiyamu bicarbonate - hasha namakemikari chingaita kuti chesamende chigadzirwa.
• Crystallization pamusoro zvishoma soluble zvinhu. Kutaura zvazviri, tine mupfungwa biocorrosion. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti tusingaoneki (spores, notumwe) kupinda pores uye dzakabudirira imomo, zvokuti raparadzwa.

Ngura: Types, nzira yokudzivirira

Pasina mubvunzo, mabhiriyoni ari pagore nezvinhu zvakakonzera kuti vanhu kugadzirisa izvi zvinokonzerwa. Zvinokuchengetedzai kutaura kuti mhando dzose ngura haiiti kuti kurasikirwa simbi, uye kugogodza anokosha, kuvakwa iyo vanopedza hombe mari yakawanda. Zvakaoma kutaura kana kupa 100 muzana kudzivirira zvinobvira. Zvisinei, zvakakodzera pamusoro gadziriro, ndiko kuti kwebhosvo kuchenesa, zvinokwanisika kuti vaite basa rakanaka. Electrochemical ngura chinodzivirira kuti paintwork kana zvakanaka rikashandiswa. A pakakuvara zvesimbi pasi pasi kudzivirira pamusoro kurapwa chinokosha yakavimbika.

Active uye pusa nzira hondo

Musimboti vanoshingaira nzira nokuchinja maumbirwo kaviri yemagetsi munda. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, kugara kuitika kunobva. The voltage anofanira kusarudzwa kuti kuwedzera zviri electrode zvinogona chigadzirwa kuti unoda kudzivirira. Imwe nzira dzakakurumbira chaizvo - "chibayiro" anode. It rinoparadzwa, kudzivirira makirisito zvinhu.

kudzivirirwa pusa kunosanganisira kushandisa pendi. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha iri kudzivirira uchipedzeredza ingress kuti unyoro uye okisijeni pamusoro kuchengetedzwa pamusoro. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro mashoma, zvine musoro kushandisa zingi, mhangura kana nickel yakanamirwa pamifananidzo. Kunyange zvishomanana akaparadza rukoko achadzivirira simbi kubva rusting. Chokwadi, marudzi awa kudzivirira ngura kuti simbi dzinobudirira chete kana pamusoro havazovi kuremara zvinoonekwa dzakadai makatsemuka, chips zvakadai.

Kwakakurudzira zvizere

Tine iwe rakafukidza dzinokosha mhando ngura, uye ikozvino ndinoda kutaura pamusoro yakanakisisa nzira yokudzivirira. Mumwe izvi zviri kwakakurudzira. Chaizvoizvo Its iri ndechokuti basa pamusoro rinoshandisirwa zingi kana chiwanikwa ayo, kuti anopa pamusoro physicochemical ehupfumi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nzira iri kutorwa kumwe mari uye basa, uye izvi pasinei nokuti zingi yakanamirwa pamifananidzo mwero anenge 40 muzana ari kugadzirwa munyika maatomu akafanana izvi. Dip kwakakurudzira simbi machira anogona pasi, fasteners, uyewo nhumbi nezvimwe simbi. Sezvineiwo, Via metallization kana sputtering inogona kuchengetedzwa chigadzirwa upi saizi uye chimiro. Kushongedza zingi haaiti, kunyange nokubatsira vamwe anokosha yokuvirisa zvinokwanisika kuwana kupenyerera hukawanika. Pfungwa, chicherwa anokwanisa kudzivirira kunonyanyisa munharaunda utsinye.

mhedziso

Saka isu kwamuri kuti ngura ichi. Types ngura vakanga vaiona. Zvino kuti munoziva kudzivirira pamusoro kubva rokusamhanyira rusting. Kazhinji, zvinova nyore zvikuru, asi ine wandei kukosha, apo uye sei kushandisa chigadzirwa. Kana kuramba vachibatwa simba uye vibration, pane mukuru ndingangokuvara panowanikwa makatsemuka vari paintwork, kuburikidza icho mwando vachawira pasi simbi, zvokuti zvichaita zvishoma nezvishoma kuipa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kushandiswa siyana rabha gaskets uye sealants mumunda nekuita nesimbi zvigadzirwa awedzerwe zvishoma upenyu unhani.

Zvakanaka, ndizvo zvose nezvenyaya iyi. Yeuka kuti vakurumidze STRUCTURAL kukundikana nokuda migumisiro ngura kungaita kuti kupedzisira nemigumisiro. The zvebhizimisi ane guru kukuvara zvokunyama uye munhu nezvinhu zvinogoneka somugumisiro rusting keriya simbi.