Novodevichy Cemetery, St. Petersburg: makuva vakakurumbira (mifananidzo)

Lovers vachidzungaira kuburikidza pogosti yekare kunotsvaka dzinonakidza zvivezwa, zvinyorwa kana zororo, zvakafananidzirwa impermanence zvose zvenyika, zvichaita zvinofadza kuziva apo Novodevichy Cemetery muSt Petersburg. It rakaumbwa pakati pezana remakore rechi19. Mugore rayo kuvapo yokutanga nayo akanga avigwa vanhu vatatu chete. Asi gare gare rakava akakurumbira uye akasarudza nzvimbo yokuzorora. Maererano netsika dzechiKristu, riri pedyo pachechi yeOrthodox Yorumuko. Kunyange zvazvo chechi yakanga yakavakirwa pedyo nayo, haakudzwi zita rake pamutemo, uye zvakawanda zvakatora sangano ane dzidzo kuti dzidzo nevasikana veimba huru, tinoziva sezvo Smolny Institute , yakapoteredza ndima kuvigwa vakafa chinonziwo kumakuva kuti Novodevichy chechechi muSt Petersburg.

Pachechi nokuti naanamai

Vose pazvivako, michinjikwa, steles, shongwe, akachengetedzwa pano, anogona kufadza vaenzi panzvimbo ino. Pashure pezvose, muhwiro ichi yakanyorerwa kuvigwa vanhu kuva rokumusoro kirasi. Uyewo rukudzo vachivigwa pano vakanga paakavapa nhengo zvinoyevedza vepamusoro, vezvematongerwo, masayendisiti, vatungamiriri vemauto. Naizvozvo, shamwari dzavo nehama havana vakaderera mari, uye nokuratidzwa fungidziro tichitarisa kushungurudzika, achitanga zvirangaridzo pamusoro pamarinda vavanoda. Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg) nguva dzose huri hurongwa. Vakachengetana kwete chete nokuda pamakuva, asiwo pedyo kundima. Makwara nejecha kusaswa, wakasimwa Sora ruva mapindu uye, chokwadi, vakaona kuti hapana usisipo kwokurangana vaiva ne vapfumi. Uye kazhinji chakasara yokuzorora hama dzavo mifananidzo zvinodhura uye dzimwe zvoumbozha vanokwanisa, mu pfungwa dzavo, kuramba mamiriro wemufi pane mukuru pamwero.

akarasika ukuru

Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg) rakavharwa kuti vakavigwa kubva 1934. Uye zvisati, aifanira vapukunyuke yaifamba 1917, panguva iyo vakanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara chechi, vakamira pamusoro payo, vakabirwa kana yakaparadzwa makuva, sezvivako vaparadzwa. Nokuti vaya vasina vakatambura, hapana kutarisira pashure. Hama wemufi, akavigwa navo, kana kuti rwendo kana pachavo vakava vanhu pokuchinja, nokuti Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg) akashanda nzvimbo chete vanhu yakakwirira munzanga, iyo panguva iyoyo zvaitambudzwa munyika yedu. On muhwiro ichi akawana rokupedzisira pokugara uye nehanzvadzi chechechi. marinda avo achiripo. Kusvikira zvino, vanhu vanouya mumwe wavo - akakomborerwa DARYA. guva ichi - chimwe chikonzero nei vanhu vanofarira Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg), sei kuti ikoko, kubhadhara kukotamira guva vavakaropafadzwa? mukadzi uyu akararama upenyu hwake nokuzvininipisa uye pauMwari. Vanhu akamuda kuti mutsa wake kumunhu. Iye akafa akwegura, asi akasiya "kuda". Akavimbisa kubatsira vose vanouya kukudza ndangariro yake. Asi asati kuti zvakakosha kuyambuka minwe yako uye verenga katatu "Kwaziwai Mariya, Hekanhi!" Muna 1930, hurumende zvakashatirisa kuchengetedza zvasara vanhu vakakurumbira. Uye, kunyange zvazvo akanga hafu kuparadzwa ndokusiya Novodevichy Cemetery St. Petersburg, makuva mukurumbira akadai Artist A. A. Ivanova, hanzvadzi A. S. Pushkina O. S. Pavlischevoy munyori Rimsky-Korsakov yakatamira Alexander Nevsky wemamonk.

Church zvakare haana zvakakodzera

Zvisinei, panguva Mukuru October Revolution , kwete chete kutendera kuvigwa. Vakanga namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara uye machechi matatu, nzvimbo yaiva Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg). Wokutanga wavo - Chechi Amai vaMwari, Mufaro All Ndiani Kusuwa - yakavakwa muna 1856, akasika E. I. Zhibera. Temberi iyi yakavakwa tichiregeredza A. K. Karamzinoy, uyo akafirwa nomurume munguva Crimean War. Akaurayiwa muhondo pedyo Klafatom. Kuvigwa AN Karamzin aivapo panguva Novodevichy kumakuva, uye gare gare parutivi rwake makore mashoma akarara chirikadzi yake. Mumatsutso 1883 akasimbisa kereke diki Eriya muporofita, akava guva nokuda akapfuma matanda mushambadzi Petersburg them Gromova. Atarisana glazed chidhinha chivako ndiye akasika L. N. Benua. Akatambudzwa ari mumaoko kuipandukira uye yematanda chechi Kazan, amire kumakuva.

Another bvunzo

High chinzvimbo munzanga muzana upenyu pashure porufu asingagoni kubatsira vaya kwokupedzisira nzvimbo yaiva Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg). Makuva mukurumbira, mapikicha zviri munyaya iyi inogona kuparadzwa sezvinongoitawo vaya yakapedza mukupera 60s. Hazvina vandals, uye mumaguta mabasa maererano Mutongo Leningrad Executive Committee musi 16.09.1968, vakabvisa vakasiya makuva uye pazvivako, izvo zvisina anomiririrwa mifananidzo uye munhoroondo ukoshi. Saka takasarudza ennoble ari Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg). List makuva kuti vakaparadzwa munguva chiito, dzaitaurwa mutungamiri, rakanyorwa naA V. Kobakom uye weddill Priyutko. Chete muna 1964 isu ndikabvisa 400 gravestones. Munguva yedu, takazoziva kuti kukosha mamwe makuva kunge understated, uye, nokudaro, rave akarasika History of St. Petersburg.

Ponesai mazuva akare

Munzanga yanhasi kunzwisisa kuti zvinokosha kuti tikoshese kuyeuka yemadzitateguru avo. The Novodevichy kumakuva ane makuva ekare akatarisirwa vemumhuri, uye pane vaya hanya atora sangano, vamwe vanotsigira kuburikidza mipiro. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Military Medical Academy, uye akamutsa mari kudzorera shongwe MD Alexei Troyanova. Institute of Dzebasa Dzevakawana Dhigirii Medical inobhadhara kukotamira Kumutungamiriri tsika E. Eyskhvaldu nerimwe gore kutarisira guva rake rokutanga. Vadzidzi Institute of Railway Engineers vanozvipira akatangazve 23 tombstones enzvimbo aimbova vakapedza kudzidza tsika, pakati pavo vakanga vakakurumbira vanhu vazhinji, uyo aimbotaurawo yakakurumbira kuvaka nzvimbo munyika yedu yakakura. St. Petersburg nzanga kuedza kuchengetedza nhoroondo necropolis. City pfungwa huru uye zvemari, somuenzaniso, kuti ennoble ndima. Nokuda Ndakatengesa yakadaro noruzhowa akatsiviwa, kunatsiridzwa chemahofisi. nzvimbo yakadaro inokosha nokuti vanogona kuuya nyore uye vanoshanyira akakurumbira munhu uye nokudaro kuti kubata nhoroondo nyika yedu. Saka, zvingava zvinokosha kuti guva kwakadaro akatarira vakakodzera uye kunoenderana aimbova ukuru "varimi" vavo.

unhu nomukurumbira

Zvaunofanira kuziva vaya achizoshanyira Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg)? Ndiani akavigwa ikoko, Chokwadi. Kufarira vari makuva vanhu vakakurumbira. Very kuziva kuona sei tombstones kuiswa panzvimbo yavo kuvigwa. Somuenzaniso, imwe shongwe M. A. Vrubelyu ari nyore nechigadziko pamusoro stepwise ukapisa murwi pane mumwe namatombo dema girenayiti. Akakodzera yakakurumbira yokudhirowa, kupendwa "The Demon", "Pan," "The Swan" haasi pachena zvachose mamiriro? Nokuti chokwadi zvakanga mwoyo nokuda nevashanyi kumakuva. Monument ichi rakavakwazve pashure pokuparadzwa. Asi Monument, yakaiswa pamusoro peguva N. A. Nekrasova, akachengetedzwa nhasi zvakafanana nayo akasika muvezi. MA Chizhov muna 1881. Nokuti vazhinji anozivikanwa vanhu raiva kwokupedzisira utiziro Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg). Makuva mukurumbira, mapikicha zviri munyaya ino, kukwezva vashanyi, uyewo kuvigwa nzvimbo ine nhoroondo inokosha. Somuenzaniso, Muponesi shongwe pamusoro pamarinda mukadzi General A. A. Vershinina kushanda PI Kyufferle, makasimbiswa muna 1915, maererano nengano, anopa zvido. Ndokusaka vanhu vauye kwaari uye kuunza manotsi pamwe zvikumbiro zvavo.

Mazita akawanda zivikanwa

List vose vakanga avigwa Novodevichy Cemetery, mune rimwe munyaya hazvibviri. Ngatikurukurei mashoma zvinonakidza surnames. December 12, 1889, akafa yakakurumbira chiremba S. P. Botkin. Akanga ane mufananidzo vanachiremba uye mumakore 29, akanga akasimudzira kuti muzvinafundo. Muupenyu hwake Alexander chipatara yakavakwa, nhasi zita pashure pake. The Monument ari bust naye vakamira rakamanikana kumusoro girenayiti nechigadziko.

Muna 1873 iri Tsarskoye tiiviste, akafa mudetembi yakakurumbira F. I. Tyutchev. A mahombekombe panopinda mweya wake raiva Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg), pikicha izvo unogona kuona munyaya ino. Kungofanana ari pedyo makuva hama dzayo, muguva ndiyo tombstone pamusoro namatema, uye musoro muchinjikwa rikaiswa kubva chete zvinhu sezvo chena chete akashongedzwa mifananidzo. Ndiyo nzvimbo mhuri rukaporeswa kuti bicentenary Nyanduri.

Akavigwa pano uye muvambi Russian wesayenzi pamusoro howa MS Voronin. Iye akasiya mupfumi nhaka masayendisiti anhasi, kusanganisira kurondedzerwa uye vanodhirowa repasi zvipenyu, akaurayiwa pamwe zvakarurama kwazvo. zvinhu izvi zviri vaizviti nhasi, kunyange zvazvo musayendisiti akafa muna 1871. On guva vake nyore muchinjikwa imire panzvimbo yakatanhamara nokuda girenayiti, zvakavezwa muchimiro akangofananawo ibwe.

A nyore rectangle vachena machena uye muchengeti wemariva zvakafanana zvinhu akatasva wamarinda chaiko Gozenpud Abhuramu Akimovich. Akararama upenyu hurefu, uye nguva yaakapiwa kwaari panyika ino, aifanira kunyora zvakawanda zvokutsvakurudza mapepa, nyaya uye mabhuku. Vazhinji vavo akatsaurira yake yaaida topic - Musical yemitambo. Nokuda basa rake, isu kuvhara uye kudzidza pamusoro basa vemifananidzo uye nevaimbi upenyu Chaliapin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Tchaikovsky, Ershov nevamwe. Iyewo kudzidza mutambo, rakashandurwa uye akanyora libretto Shabalin, "The mukukurira of Shrew." Akafa makore 96.

Ndavapiko

Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti vamwe tombstones, zvakafanana kunetseka sei nevazukuru kuziva anorara pasi pavo, akataura yemabasa yakararama wemufi, dzakadai shongwe Efremovu P. A. mudzimai wangu mhando, anoiswa pamusoro guva mudzimai waaida, aida tsanangurai kwete chete misi hwake uye rufu, asi kuti aiva akakurumbira bibliographer uye bibliophile. Uye zvechokwadi ndiyo. Petr Aleksandrovich akadzidza nhoroondo mabhuku Russian, vakatsvaka uye yakabudiswa mabasa vadetembi vakakurumbira Lermontov, Batiushkov Pushkin Ryleeva Zhukovsky nevamwe. Zvinosuruvarisa afa, ake mupfumi muunganidzwa wemabhuku, Portraits uye vanodhirowa vakatengeswa.

The chechienzi Monument rakadzikwa pamusoro pamarinda musayendisiti, Rector of Polytechnic Institute. Zviri guru ibwe Pyramid akatasva mana duku truncated makona. Schukin N. L. akaita zvirongwa yakavakwa chiutsi locomotives 1-3-0 uye 0-4-0 mhando. Passenger motokari giredhi 4th, yetiroko, imwe Mapaipi mafuta Baku - Batumi vakanga kuvakwa pasi utungamiriri hwake.

Kunyange akavigwa pano, refutenendi-General Suslov N. A. Akadzidzisa kuchikoro Nicholas-mumwe zvechiuto, vakashumira muGungwa reBaltic, muchirongwa hydrographic basa. Its zita mugomo uye Cape Peninsula.

Mugwagwa kune necropolis

We akadana vakakurumbira vanoverengeka nekuzorora nzvimbo pano, asi chaizvoizvo vakanga vari pachechi iyi zvakawanda. Kudzidza uku, vamwe vaverengi vedu achada kushanyira Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg). Sei ikoko? Kuuya St. Petersburg, utore pevhu uye kuwana kure pa "Moskovskie Vorota" uye zvadaro famba pamusoro Moscow prospectus. Uyewo unogona kutora tekisi nhamba K36, K 350, K213, trolley bhazi nhamba 15, 17, uye bhazi nhamba 2MA, 2M kuti kurega "chitima rengarava nhamba 1". Nokuti vaya achaenda nemotokari kuona Novodevichy Cemetery (Saint Petersburg), kero iri: Moskovsky Tariro, 100.

Neyarok asi oneka

Kuwedzera pamakuva vanhu vakakurumbira panguva muhwiro ichi vanowanikwa Zvivako uye gravestones ichifarirwa vanoda chivezwa. Ngachipiwe pano mune zvose zvavo zvakasiyana-siyana. Kuratidza kuchema kwavo, vanhu embody wavo, kana muchimuka. Vazhinji vavo vanzwisisa zvinorehwa nezvimwe anozivikanwa chete vanhu pedyo vashakabvu. Anchor pamwe cheni pfungwa kuvakafa kubatana kugungwa uye, chokwadi, panguva ino, ndiye Admiral Avinov A. P. Asi Dombo iri girenayiti muti mapazi kudimburwa kure asingadi kubatsira kunzwisisa chii chiri pasi nyanduri Anisimov VI Vakawanda ichi kumakuva monument uye kwese: michinjikwa, ngirozi uye vanochema nyore rectangular Slabs. Mumwe ari akagadzawo paguva mukadzi uyo akararama makore 100. The pachechi tiri crypts uye makamuri, asi ivo vari chinhu, ndiyo chinozikamwa chete wavo zvokunze mapurani.

Kunyange zvazvo Novodevichy Cemetery anonzi akavigwa, kuvigwa pamusoro payo yaitwa kusvikira nhasi. Uye hapana zvisiri pamutemo. Kubvumirwa anoviga urn mushure kupiswa kwemiviri pamarinda kuhama, uyewo nokuda mugove pamwe wemamongi fenzi. Novodevichy Cemetery, nemhaka kuitwa mumadhorobha mabasa, masangano yezvokutengeserana, uye vagari vanhuwo, hauchafambi somunhu idzangaradzimu. Ndima yayo iri nguva dzose kucheneswa, akacheka dzavo uswa, kurasa marara. Saka nzvimbo ino yava zvikuru inokwanisika Pakushanyira mafeni chenhau makuva.