Yevanhu dehenya

The dehenya mapfupa basa rinokosha pakudzivirira rinokosha nhengo dzevanhu - uropi. Vari akakamurwa aiwanzopiwa wokushanda uye unpaired. Zvinoumba mhango umo iri uropi, nhengo nechaanoona, pachiyero, kunzwa, kuravira, kunhuwidza. Mapfupa dziri mujinga dehenya, mwena kuti aende kuburikidza manzwiro kuuropi uye kuedzwa tsinga.

Skull ane 2 zvikamu: mberi (inoitwa mapfupa 15) uye pfungwa (rinoumbwa 8 mapfupa). Hofisi pamberi ndiyo hwaro pfupa chiso chomunhu, kutanga dzimwe kufema uye zvomudumbu nehurongwa. mapfupa aya ari dehenya dziri pasi uropi dhipatimendi. It ane nzvimbo mugove chinokosha pamusoro dög midziyo, zvinosanganisira repamusoro (hwemvura pfupa) uchingodzikira rushaya (unpaired). Yokumusoro shaya anoumba rusvingo nezvigadziko, rurimi rwakaoma, kurutivi madziro mhango uye nasal orifice. From "muviri" wayo kubva pezvakaitwa zvinotevera: ari zygomatic, frontal, alveolar, palatal. Rezasi shaya - chete chinjwa bvupa Nemadehenya, iyo, pamwe zvenyama mapfupa rinobatanidzwa paumbwe temporomandibular mapfundo. Iye ane curved muviri, hwaakange Formação de nokuda mazino, pamwe uye coronoid muitiro (vari kurerekera masseter tsandanyama).

Small mapfupa chiso yeDehenya: vaviri - palatine, nasal, yakaderera singi, zygomatic, lacrimal; unpaired - opener uye sublingual. Ndivo chikamu nomumukanwa uye nasal in, uyewo zvigadziko. Ivo zvinosanganisira curved Arch hyoid pfupa pamwe yakatesvera panyanga dzacho (yakaderera uye yokumusoro runyanga).

Adult uropi dhipatimendi kuchibva occipital, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, parietal uye mapfupa nezvenyama. The evaMedhia frontal pfupa anoumba yokumusoro parusvingo zvigadziko, uye pamberi chikamu chepfungwa kadhi. It ane mhino uye orbital nhengo anorwisa frontal uye frontal sinus.

The occipital pfupa Chikamu dehenya rezasi occipital. Ndicho chikuru chikamu occipital chikero uye lateral guru. ZveCuneiform pfupa riri mujinga dehenya. It ane kunzwisisa chimiro uye rine muviri ane nhatu mapfupa aiwanzopiwa wokushanda. muviri wake sphenoid sinus.

Ethmoid pfupa riri unpaired. Ndizvo chikamu nasal mhango uye rusvingo nezvigadziko. It ane chinjikira afoot ndiro yakabvooka; perpendicular bwendefa raiparadzanisa yepamhino mhango 2; yekamuri labyrinths uye yokumusoro pakati conchae, izvo zvinoumba nasal mhango.

The parietal pfupa riri hwemvura kamuri. Anoumba yokumusoro divi zvikamu cranial rakatenderera. In chimiro afanane munhu rectangular mundiro, concave mukati uye convex panze.

Zvenyama bvupa Nemadehenya vaviri zvinobatanidzwa paumbwe shaya rwakashodoka. Ivo kusiyanisa Pyramid, scaly uye Drum nhengo. On zvavo divi hukawanika vane mawindo auditory meatus. mapfupa epanyama vari kupinda nokuda migero akawanda, izvo vafambe tsinga uye utano hwake.

Panguva cranial aparadzana yokumusoro chikamu (denga kana rakatenderera) uchingodzikira (mujinga dehenya). Arch pfupa kwakabatana ne fibrotic kuramba vazvo uye nezvigadziko anoumba synchondrosises (cartilaginous akakura). Frontal, occipital uye parietal Mapfupa zvakabatanidzwa kune toothed mapfundo mapfupa chiso nharaunda dzine sandara vazvo uye yakabatana. The rwepanyama pfupa pamwe sphenoid uye parietal kwakabatana scaly musono. With zera, shwashwa yeimwe inotsiviwa pfupa rinenge uye pedyo mapfupa runoporesa.

Pneumatic dehenya mapfupa vakasiyana nevamwe pakuti vane in zviri mudungwe pamwe mucous membranes uye zapolnenya mhepo. Izvi zvinosanganisira frontal, tapered, ethmoid pfupa uye yokumusoro shaya.