Artists of Renaissance: mazita akanakisisa

Renaissance - ndiwo chiitiko tisaone munhoroondo yevanhu. Handina kumbowana Kwakajeka chakadaro unyanzvi. Vavezi vemabwe, ezvivako uye vaimbi of Renaissance (mazita kwavo kukuru, asi isu bata vakawanda vakakurumbira), mazita anozivikanwa zvose, akapa nyika unokosha mabasa ounyanzvi. vanhu Unique uye aakatipa vakaratidza pachavo kwete chete munda, asi akawanda.

Painting of mangwanani Renaissance

The Renaissance ane hama nguva puranga. Chekutanga yakatanga muna Italy - 1420-1500 gore. Panguva ino, kupenda uye iwe zvose zvavo hakusi akasiyana zvikuru kubva ichangopfuura kare. Zvisinei, kekutanga vanotanga kuonekwa zvinhu akakweretwa kubva dzekare. Uye chete nekutambira makore, vavezi vemabwe, ezvivako uye vaimbi of Renaissance (ndandanda chiri guru kwazvo) pasi pokudzora ano magariro uye mberi kuitikawo pakupedzisira kusiya nheyo Ages. Ivo noushingi vari nepepanhau mienzaniso yakanakisisa uri yekare mabasa avo, vose zvavo uye zvakananga akadzama. Mazita avo vanozivikanwa kuti vazhinji, ichanyanya pamusoro unhu dzepamusorosoro.

Masaccio - the shasha kuEurope kupenda

It akaita abatsira zvikuru kutanga painting, achava muvandudzi mukuru. akaberekwa tenzi Florentine muna 1401 mumhuri romubati nemhizha, saka pfungwa kuravidza uye chido rokusika raiva ropa rake. Pazera makore 16-17, akatamira Florence, uko iye aishanda okudhindira. Vadzidzisi vake vanoonekwa kuti kubudikidza Donatello uye Brunelleschi - guru vavezi vemabwe uye ezvivako. Kukurukura navo uye akatorwa pamusoro unyanzvi vasingagoni asi kukanganisa vechiduku rokupenda. Wokutanga Masaccio akakwereta kunzwisiswa kutsva munhu wenyama maitire nokuda chivezwa. tenzi wechipiri - zvinokosha zviri Linear maonero. Yokutanga zvechokwadi basa vaongorori vanodavira "Triptych kweSan Dzhovenale" (mufananidzo wekutanga), iyo yakawanikwa muchechi duku pedyo neguta, kuti nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pamusoro Masaccio. The huru Mabasa ndivo Pamifananidzo iri Brancacci Chapel, yakatsaurirwa munhoroondo St. Peter muupenyu. The Artist muchirongwa pakusikwa matanhatu, kureva: "mari yemutero," "kudzingwa muParadhiso", "Rubhabhatidzo neophytes", "Kuparadzirwa pfuma uye rufu Ananiasi," "Kumuka kwoMwanakomana Theophilus", "St. Peter anoporesa vanorwara mumvuri wake" uye "Musande Petro ari dhipatimendi."

Italian Renaissance Artists - vanhu zvachose akazvipira unyanzvi, havateereri matambudziko ezuva nezuva kuti dzimwe nguva avatungamirire kuti murombo tipone. No kunze uye Masaccio: tenzi kwakajeka akafa mangwanani kwazvo, aine makore 27-28 okuberekwa, vachisiya chigadzirwa guru uye yakawanda chikwereti.

Andrea Mantegna (1431-1506)

Ichi mumiririri Padua pachikoro Painters. Kunyatsogona unyanzvi raakanga apiwa nababa vake vokurera. Style achiumbwa pasi pokudzora mabasa nokuda Masaccio, Andrea Del Castagno, Donatello uye Venetian kupenda. It akataura kakawanda ndinotyisa uye unopinza manyorerwo Andrea Mantenya, zvichienzaniswa Florentines. Aiva muteresi uye connoisseur mabasa yekare nguva tsika. Nokuda ndeake, usatarise kufanana hapana mumwe, akava nomukurumbira ive innovator. Ake yakakurumbira basa, "The Dead Kristu", "The Triumph yaKesari", "Judith", "Battle vanamwari gungwa", "Parnassus" (yaifananidzira), etc. Kubva 1460 kusvikira parufu rwake Akashanda sezvo dare rokupenda mumhuri Madzishe Gonzaga.

Sandro Bottichelli (1445-1510)

Botticelli - a rekunyepedzera, zita chairo - Filipepi. nzira womufananidzo wacho, akasarudza haana kamwe, asi pakutanga akadzidza zvishongo unyanzvi. Mabasa ekutanga akazvimirira (dzakawanda "Madonna") akanga kufurirwa Masaccio uye Lippi. Gare gare, akazvisiyanisa uyewo mufananidzo, hombe mirairo dzinobva Florence. The rakanatswa uye yakagozha hunhu basa rake pamusoro Kugadzira zvinhu (pfupiso mifananidzo vachishandisa kwakajairika unyanzvi - nyore chimiro, ruvara, saizi) akazvigadza nevamwe Artists nguva. A akararama Leonardo da Vinci uye wechidiki Michelangelo akasiya chinopenya aitodada munyika ounyanzvi ( "Kuzvarwa Venus" (mufananidzo), "Spring," "achikudza Magi", "Venus uye Mars", "Krisimasi", etc.). kupenda rake nomwoyo wose uye anenge, uye nzira youpenyu akaoma uye zvinosuruvarisa. Romantic maonero enyika pane muduku akasvimha zvitendwa uye zvechitendero ruponeso pa kukura. Mumakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake Sandro Botticelli aigara urombo uye zvachose.

Pierrot (Pietro) della Francesca (1420-1492)

Italian painter uye zvakawanda mumiririri mumwe mangwanani Renaissance pakutanga kubva Tuscany. Yemunyori manyorerwo rakaumbwa pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Florentine chikoro kuti kupenda. Kuwedzera tarenda womufananidzo Piero della Francesca akanga unyanzvi hunoshamisa mune masvomhu, uye makore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake kuigara kwaari, kuedza kubatanidza kuti kumusoro unyanzvi. Zvakaguma maviri bhuku nesayenzi: "On nemaonero paguva" uye "bhuku duku pamusoro shanu dzose nezvishoma." ndeake anosiyana mutambo, kuwirirana uye rupo zvifananidzo, compositional nepakati, zvinonyatsochengeta mitsetse uye kuvaka, nyoro range. Piero della Francesca aiva nguva zvinoshamisa nokuti zivo michina rutivi kupenda uye ine maonero pane chichiwanikwa yakakwirira nomukurumbira pakati pevanhu venguva yake. Yakakurumbira basa: "The History of Mambokadzi weShebha," "Flagellation waKristu" (ona mufananidzo), "Brera Madonna" uye nezvakadaro.

High Renaissance kupenda

Kana Protorenessans uye mangwanani nguva yakatora kweinenge hafu yezana remakore remakore uye ukuwo, iyi anofukidzira chete emakore mashoma (mu Italy kubvira 1500 kusvika 1527). Yaiva rakajeka, anodzimaidza anopenya, akapa nyika renyeredzi yose kukuru, ichiita mabasa akawanda, uye penya vanhu. matavi All ounyanzvi kuenda ruoko, vadzidzisi vazhinji saka - zviri zvakare masayendisiti, vavezi vemabwe, vavambi, kwete chete vemifananidzo of Renaissance. The Pamazita yakakura, asi musoro Renaissance Akatara okugadzira zvinhu L. da Vinci, M. uye R. Santi Buanarotti.

Kunoshamisa shasha kuti da Vinci

Zvichida ichi ndicho zvinoshamisa uye hunoshamisa unhu munhoroondo tsika yenyika. Aiva murume waifarirwa mupfungwa yakazara kweshoko, uye ane zivo yakakwana uye matarenda. Painter, muvezi uye theorist mumunda ounyanzvi, nyanzvi yemasvomhu, mapurani, anatomist, muongorori wenyeredzi, yefizikisi uye injiniya - zvose nezvake. Uyezve, mune imwe neimwe kumatunhu Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) zvakaratidza sezvo innovator. Saka kure, vakauya 15 chete emifananidzo ake yokunyora nokudhirowa zhinji. With hunoshamisa simba nenyota ruzivo, akanga asingashiviriri, iye anonakidzwa chirongwa cognition. Panguva muduku chaizvo (Makore 20), akanga akakodzera ari mwene neboka revanhu vaipfura St. Luke. mabasa ake anokosha hwendarira tuore "Chirariro Chokupedzisira" mufananidzo "Mona Lisa", "Madonna Benua" (yaifananidzira pamusoro), "Lady ane Ermine", etc.

Portraits pakati Artists of Renaissance - husiri nyore kuwana. Vakasarudza kuchengeta zvifananidzo zvavo mifananidzo yakawanda vanhu. Saka, vakakomba vaizviita mufananidzo da Vinci (yaifananidzira) gakava kuramba nhasi. Isa mberi shanduro kuti akazviita pazera makore 60. Maererano wenhoroondo dzoupenyu, yokudhirowa uye munyori Vasari, tenzi guru akafa mumaoko shamwari yake yepedyo, King Francis I wake Chateau du Clos Luce.

Rafael Santi (1483-1520)

Artist uye mapurani pakutanga kubva Urbino. zita rake unyanzvi kunonyanya pamwe yokuti kutobaya runako uye dzinongoitika maererano. Over upenyu pfupi (Makore 37), iye akasika yakawanda nyika yakakurumbira mifananidzo, murals uye Portraits. Stories kuti anoratidzwa vari siyana zvikuru, asi kwagara akakwezva mufananidzo Our Lady. Zvakakwana zvakakodzera Raphael akadana "tenzi Madonna", kunyanya nomukurumbira vane zvakanyorwa naye kuRoma. Muna Vatican akanga ashanda kubva 1508 kusvikira afa muhofisi mukuru Artist panguva papa mudare.

Multi-unyanzvi, uyewo nezvimwe vemifananidzo makuru Renaissance, Raphael aivawo munhu mapurani, uyewo vaiita matongo Zvakafukunurwa. Maererano neimwe shanduro, ichangobva craze iri zvakananga chokuita kufa. Anofungidzirwa, iye vakabatwa pamusoro kupikidura yeRoma fivha. Akavigwa Pantheon pamusoro tenzi kukuru. On ake kuzvidzora asian mapikicha.

Michelangelo Buoanarroti (1475-1564)

The refu-makore 70 basa munhu uyu waipenya, akabva kuvazukuru zvisikwa isingaori kwete chete mifananidzo, asiwo zvivezwa. Kufanana nevamwe vemifananidzo makuru Renaissance, Michelangelo akararama munguva yakazara munhau uye nenyonganyonga. unyanzvi hwake - chinhu chikuru kokupedzisira kucherechedza vose Renaissance.

Tenzi akaisa chivezwa kupfuura mamwe Arts zvose, asi sezvo mugumo aizova chinoshamisa rokupenda uye mapurani. Kupfuura chinzvimbo uye kunoshamisa basa rake riri kupenda ari Sistine Chapel (aimiririra) mumuzinda panguva Vatican. Area murals pamusoro 600 akaenzana metres uye rine 300 nemifananidzo vanhu. The unoyevedza uye nomuzikamwi - ndiwo paitikira Kwekupedzisira.

Italian Renaissance vemifananidzo akanga chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda matarenda. Somuenzaniso, vanhu vashomanana vanoziva kuti Michelangelo aivawo nyanduri kukuru. chinhu ichi shasha yake kwakaratidzwa pakupera upenyu zvakazara. About 300 nhetembo achiripo.

Paintings ava kunopera Renaissance

The yokupedzisira nguva rinotaura nguva nguva kubva 1530 kusvikira pamakore 1590-1620. Maererano Encyclopedia Britannica, kuti Renaissance sezvo nhoroondo nguva kwakaguma kuwa Rome, iyo yakaitika muna 1527 yaiva kumativi nguva ino Southern Europe aikunda Counter-Reformation. Catholic nokuti wakatarira warily chero freethinking, kusanganisira kushevedzera runako womunhu muviri uye kumuka uri kare nguva - ndiko zvose kuti ndiyo shongwe Renaissance. Izvi zvakaguma zvikurukuru nokuda - Mannerism kunoratidzwa nokurasikirwa zvokunamata uye mumuviri kuwirirana, murume uye zvisikwa. Asi kunyange iyi vamwe vanozivikanwa zvakaoma Renaissance vemifananidzo akasika ounyanzvi dzavo. Pakati pavo, Antonio mambo Correggio, Andrea Palladio (vaiona muvambi classicism uye palladianstva) uye Titian.

Tiziano Vecellio (1488-1490 - 1676 years)

Iye anonzi titanium Renaissance, pamwe Michelangelo, Raphael uye da Vinci. Kunyange asati atendeuka makore 30 okuberekwa, Titian kuti mukurumbira wayo se "mambo Painters uye rokupenda yamadzimambo." Zvikurukuru, yokudhirowa nechepadivi rengano uye yemubhaibheri misoro, uyezve, rava wakakurumbira ave portraitist kukuru. Vomunguva aidavira kuti kuti hunomirirwa aine bhurasho of vatenzi makuru - zvinoreva kuita kusafa. Uye ichi ichokwadi. Zvarairwa Titian akabva kupfuura vairemekedza uye anokudzwa vanhu: vanapapa, madzimambo, vafundisi uye madzishe. Heano shomanana anozivikanwa zvikuru, basa rake: "Yana Urbinskaya", "The Rape kuti Europa" (vanomiririrwa), "Kristu Muchitakurirana Cross", "yokupedzisira ne Minzwa", "Pesaro Madonna", "Mukadzi ane girazi," etc.

Hapana inodzokororwa kaviri. The Renaissance akapa vanhu penya, vanhu zvinoshamisa. mazita avo akanyorwa munhoroondo yenyika ounyanzvi nemabhii goridhe. Architects uye vavezi vemabwe, vanyori vemifananidzo of Renaissance - mazita rawo guru chaizvo. chete isu akabata Titans, uyo akaita kare, vakatakura nyika pfungwa yoruvhenekero Humanism.