Chii chinonzi kuona mafungiro?

Kwenguva yakareba zvave kuzivikanwa kuti pfungwa "tarira" uye "ona" chete pamwe anoreva zvakafanana. Nyanzvi kwakaratidza kuti uropi hwomunhu vari vaviri vakasiyana pezvakaitwa: wokutanga ndiko pedyo physiology, wechipiri hwakabatana chavanoziva. Somuenzaniso, vamwe vanhu vanogona kutarisa chetezvo, asi kuti kuzviona nenzira yakasiyana. The nyore muenzaniso chevana mugadziri, umo vana kuita zvakasiyana zvitarisiko mifananidzo. Izvi yezvaakasika kuona kwete chete maziso asiwo zvokufungidzira Akagamuchira zvakakodzera tsanangudzo - kuona mafungiro.

Chii?

Icho tinozvarwa chipo nokuda mumwe nomumwe. Zvisinei, nezera vamwe vanhu yakura uye ichichinja kuita basa kana nzira yeupenyu, vamwe, nekusiyana, zvokomara nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana. The zvepfungwa Zvinhu mafungiro kunoonekwa rokusika nzira yokugadzirisa pahwaro wokufananidzira Modelling. With Fani iyi tinosangana ose zuva uye kwose kwose, kubva pasi nyaya kuti vashandi kuita nyama yemhuka wechesi.

kuvhura Arnheim

Pfungwa yokuti 'kuona mafungiro "runobva kuna American wepfungwa Rudolf Arnheim, kurivhura rokupedzisira remakore. Musimboti zvakajeka zvikuru anoratidza muenzaniso musayendisiti, apo vakomana vaviri vakabvunzwa kuti nguva yakawanda ichava mukati hafu yeawa, kana zviri 3:40 pamusoro wachi. tanga akaita kwemasvomhu kukarukureta. Kwemaminitsi 40 zvinonzi akawedzera 30. Kuziva kuti mumaminitsi 60 chete, awa rimwe, 10 zvichizoita maminitsi 70 akapfuura inotevera awa. Somugumisiro, akauya 4:10. Mukomana wechipiri akapa rakatenderera raundi, apo hafu yeawa - nehafu denderedzwa. Iye mupfungwa akashandurira museve uye akapiwa chete mugumisiro souya nowakautangira.

Saka, mukomana wekutanga rwakapedza dambudziko achizviziva, kushandisa nhamba uye akarongeka ruzivo, uye wechipiri - nemaziso. The inokosha pano ndechokuti haina kuenzanisira pfungwa neactivated pacharwo kuratidzwa pfungwa dzave kushandiswa okupedzisira nyaya.

Kudzidza chaizvo uyu muitiro, Arnheim kuona mafungiro kusiyaniswa zvakajeka kubva zvatinosiita zvinooneka (mifananidzo, zvinhu). Musiyano nhema dzavo, maererano musayendisiti, chairo zvakaita zvakavapo. Saka, aimbova hakusi chinhu-mufananidzo uye chigadzirwa chaicho zvinoitika mupfungwa, mushanduri kubva mutauro chifananidzo kunzwisisa mutauro, zviito uye kukurukurirana chifananidzo nevamwe zvinhu. Hazvina kubva chinzvimbo ichi kwamuka mnemonics - nomusoro yakavakirwa kuona mafungiro.

budiriro nesayenzi

The Pfungwa pamusoro chaizvo kufunga dzataurwa nokuda American kwepfungwa, mberi muzvidzidzo zviri unyanzvi ano zhinji uye akava hwaro kukura kudzidzisa nzira uye kukura kwepfungwa mano. A vazhinji mabasa vakazvipira matambudziko kuchikoro. Pashure pezvose, zvakafanana ruzivo wefodya vana nenzira dzakasiyana. Saka, mumwe mabasa nevadzidzisi ndiko kudzidzisa mwana kufunga nemaziso. Muchiitiko ichi hapana chete yakaoma uye musoro nomusoro mitemo uye ndima, uye paumbwe ukama hwavo yakapoteredza chokwadi, mawa kuwirirana pakati dzidziso uye tsika. Nomusoro kwakavakirwa kuona mafungiro ane anobudirira nzira okuyeuka kurovedza uye pave njere uye zvakasikwa nemano mwana.

kudzidza

Sezvinogona kuoneka, vachifunga nemaziso haisi nokurova. Izvi zviri nyore kuva uye kuvandudza, uyo vakawanda anonyengera uye unyanzvi akasikwa. The nyore munhu anowana, Chokwadi, kuchikoro, kuchipedza zvinokosha mnemonics. Somuenzaniso, apo nomusoro mashoko yokumwe kushandiswa mukuwirirana Russian neshoko-nokuwadzana. Kana kupfupisa zvakaoma rwezuva kushandiswa mifananidzo pamwe kiyi nhoroondo zviitiko. Nyaya imwe neimwe ine yayo hurongwa neshamwari zvifananidzo kuti anobatsira kugaya mashoko.

The ziso kufunga An rinokosha iri kuridzwa ne zvokufungidzira. Yokutanga kuedza panguva nzwisisa wayo inotungamirwa wabatwa pauduku, apo vana avete pauswa, kuedza 'decipher "noshamisa makore. Fungidziro kunobatsira zvinoratidza dambudziko uropi nezvikamu uye ringakweva kwavari, sezvo zvichiita sokuti pakutanga aitarire, musoro uye zvisingatarisirwi mhinduro.

Where kudzidza zvinhu mafungiro?

Nhasi harisi sainzi kana kunzwisisa nharaunda zivo. wakaitwa inokosha yepurogiramu mumawekishopu umo vanhu vanogona tinyatsoziva dzinokosha nzira, zvidzidzo anoshandisika, kuchinjana zvakaitika nebudiriro pamwe nedzimwe nhengo munyika dzakawanda. Zvisinei, vamwe vanhu vanoguma vava nokuzviuraya-kudzidza. Nokuti ichi pane yakawanda akakodzera mabhuku, emirayiridzo, Audio mapoka.

Zvicharamba kutora?

A nyaya nguva anoenderana nezera uye zvinotarisirwa wacho. Zvisinei, kuti Absorção de Água pakati zvokutanga nzira kuenda chaizvoizvo maminitsi, vamwe inyaya kakawanda Tsika.

Nyanzvi vanokurudzira kushandisa zvinhu mafungiro mitoo vachiri mumakore vanoenda kukireshi. Zvisinei, munhu anofanira kufungawo pfungwa kwacho. Pazera iri nhumbi yepamusoro kudzidza uye kushandisa mashoko zvinodiwa yakawedzera akura uye vari haagarimo zvishande basa.

chidobi Roema

bhuku rakabudiswa muna 2011, "sei" kutengesa "pfungwa dzavo tichibatsirwa vanodhirowa." Labor runobva kuna Dan Roemu - guru ano nyanzvi mumunda kuona mafungiro. Nhasi iye vakuru inobudirira Consulting yakasimba inobatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko bhizimisi vachishandisa munhuwo mifananidzo.

Nzira Munyori anoongorora sei kutarisana mafungiro yomunhu nemano kuona pfungwa, nokudaro Vaziva mukati mavo pfungwa kuti rwakaonekwa uye kuzadziswa. Kukwanisa Izvi zvinobatsira kuvaona kwete chete, asiwo kutanga uye kuunza vamwe vanhu, ndiko kuti popularize.

chinangwa

Dan Roem chinooneka mafungiro anoshandisa sechinhu kugadzirisa zvachose chero matambudziko. Kuti izvi zvidaro, yake mafungiro, chete vanofanira kuswedera (SWEDERA) mubvunzo unonakidza achishandisa zvakasikwa zvipo zvakasikwa: meso, maoko uye fungidziro. Tinofanira uchizvibvunza mukuru mubvunzo: "Ndiani / chii?", "Kupi / Apo?" Uye "Sei / kusadaro?" Akadaro mufananidzo mumwe murume anova rudzi "kubvisa urongwa" kana nzira, vachibvumira hwokukurira ezvinhu uye nokukurumidza kuwana zvikuru yakachengeteka nzira yokubuda nayo kana, Ukuwo, kuwana pfupi uye vakabudirira nzira nechinangwa. Saka, munhu zvishoma nezvishoma anodzidza kuwana uye dzinobvisa ruzivo, kuti kufungidzira, kutsivira uye kuzvitsanangura.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti kukwanisa kudzidza nzira yokuswedera zvakanaka haisi zvakakodzera. Nokuti mufananidzo ezvinhu haana Conceptual mufananidzo. Chinhu chikuru - zviri mupfungwa Visualization.

maonero Sheremetyeva

A yakafanana mubvunzo inobudirira nokugadziriswa matambudziko rave akadura uye musayendisiti wokuRussia Konstantin Sheremetyevo, kwemakore akawanda mubasa kudzidza yenjere. Akatanga kosi Kurovedza chaiwo pamusoro dzakananga akagadzirwa kufunga maturusi (reticles) inobvumira okusika yokusvika chero munhu dambudziko upenyu.

Munyori panoratidza pfungwa (kana pfungwa) sezvinoita labyrinth mikova zhinji. Kana munhu anoita sarudzo, anoita chisarudzo chinokosha, rinoshandisa mashoko avanoziva musoro kufunga. Zvisinei, nzira iyi hakuiti kuti pave nokubudirira. Pakadaro, pane imwe nzira - kuona mafungiro. Sheremet'ev unoritumidza uchitsanya, nekuti pashure kuona munhu anogamuchira 90% mashoko.

Munyori wacho chidobi zvinangwa uye ndangariro kurovedzwa - nokukurumidza nomusoro tichishandisa Mifananidzo. Uyewo mune muitiro kudzidza munhu anowana unyanzvi kunzwisisa uye maumbirwo guru chokubuda mashoko.

Zvakanakira chinooneka mafungiro

Pakati zvinhu inopiwa kuona mafungiro, huru acho:

• Kugona kuona mamiriro ezvinhu rose, kuti anobvumira munhu nokukurumidza kutora chisarudzo chakarurama.
• Kugona kuchengeta zvakawanda mupfungwa panguva iyoyo kuongorora uye chivako kuti kushandiswa ramangwana.
• Kugona kuona musimboti dambudziko, kuchenesa mashoko ndisingadiwi.
• Visual Kufunga ndiyo nzira inobudirira ruzivo rwenyika.

Zvazvakanakira uye pakawanda anorondedzera nepfungwa muitiro uyu mhando. Saka, Roem kuona mafungiro yakarumbidza kushandiswa mune zvose ezvinhu: .. Commercial, dzinogarwa, dzidzo, mifananidzo, etc. Uyewo, kuri nzira anoponesa nguva uye simba, zvichiita kusarudzwa kwacho kuri kunakidza uye zvinonakidza.

kushanda

Tsika kuona mafungiro ari pasi mumwe munhu vanoziva zera. mukurumbira zvikuru Anonakidzwa vanhu generating pfungwa. Pashure pezvose, mashoko havasi zvakakwana nguva dzose.

Panguva ino, zvedzidzo uye mabhizimisi pezvakaitwa vari kuwedzera kushandiswa mharidzo kombiyuta. Vanobatsira kuona chii asi, uye "ndiponesezve" mupfungwa mashoko inopiwa nemashoko. Kubva chinzvimbo ichi, kakawanda kuona mafungiro vanoshandisa ndiwo:

• CEOs. Chinzvimbo kunoda mutoro nzira. Kufunga Visual iyi nyaya anobatsira kuwana zvakarurama zvinogadzirisa uye yepakutanga, kutsanya kuita sarudzo.
• Top mamaneja uye mabhizimisi consultants. Vanhu mumabasa aya vanofanira ribude yakawanda mashoko, zvakakodzera sei kuti chero kuchinja, kushanda nesimba, nokukurumidza, kupa nemamwe zvingaitwa.
• Vatambi. Vatambi, vatambi uye vose inoda nzira, dzinowanzotaura kuona mafungiro, vachifanotaura weboka mutambo.
• Architects uye vagadziri. Nokuti vanhu ounyanzvi hwokugadzira ava kuona mafungiro - rinokosha chokushandisa kutaura basa harudikanwi.
• Vadzidzisi uye lecturers. Hurukuro uye kudzidzisa purogiramu hadzina ikava yakaoma karwizi mashoko, nyanzvi idzi kazhinji kushandisa zvinhu zvinooneka. Asi haisi mavara mifananidzo uye visualizers rinogutsa kuti vanoumba vamwe mashoko Links.
• Vanachiremba. Chokwadi, mupfungwa nzira hazvigoni kungotariswa nokuda unyanzvi. Kakawanda kana murwere akabvunza wepfungwa anobvunza kuona dambudziko, ndiko kuti pave sangano. Inogona kuva mufananidzo womunhu kana mhuka, kana chete nyaya. Zvichienderana ichi, zvinovaka inonzwisisika ngetani chikonzero uye maturo, izvo zvinotibatsira kunzwisisa dambudziko uye kuwana mhinduro.

zvabuda

Isingaenzaniswi nedzimwe simba kwomwana. Visual kufunga, ari maonero vadzidzisi, pamwe pfungwa anofanira kushingaira kudzidza uye ruzivo rwenyika uyewo kushandisa zvinhu zvinooneka mukirasi vasimudzire kudzidza. Nzira iyi hwezvekukurukurirana zvikuru basa, pfungwa vadzidzi panyaya, anoramba kufarira. Education haizorambi "mapofu" nomusoro uye ichichinja inofadza kunyudza kupinda musoro uye kukurumidza kuitwa kuti mashoko.

In zvemabhizimisi, Roy kuona mafungiro unowanzonzi mukuru Chinoshandiswa kusikwa pfungwa. Nokuda nyore Zano uye tichiswedera ezvinhu, matambudziko chero zviri kugadziriswa nokukurumidza uye dzimwe nguva risingatarisirwi nyore. Uyezve, nzira iyi inobatsira kurerutsa basa, zviri pachena vakabuda uye kukurukura kuti vateereri. Saka, murayiro anotanga kufunga uye kuita chete mirayiridzo, pasina kunetsana kana kuvhiringidzika noutera nguva.