Chii rudzi; kutsvaka tsanangudzo

In Soviet historiosophy uye aesthetics, pane yakadai izwi sezvo nenyika yaanobva. Izvi hakusi inonzwisisika shoko inoda kunyatsotsanangura Definition. Chokwadi uyu rudzi uye sei kutanga kunzwisisa izwi iri zvedzidzo nyika, tichakurukura pazasi.

Wokutanga kutaurwa

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti shoko rokuti "nyika" yakatanga rinoshandiswa tsamba P. Vyazemsky, iye akanyora, sapamazuva Warsaw, A. Turgenev. Muchivanze yaiva ipapo 1819. Kubvira ipapo, gakava pamusoro chii rudzi, vari kungoenderera. Chokutanga, hazvina chokuita nhoroondo, asi vanobatwawo zvikuru mabhuku uye dzimwe nzvimbo basa kwevanhu uye nesayenzi. Muna 1832 pane akakurumbira payakavakirwa "Orthodoxy, Autocracy, norudzi." Zvino nechiedza ruoko Uvarov, uyo aiziva shoko tiri kuziva rimwe chikuru Mapato uzivi.

Socialist Realism

Sezvo pfungwa pfungwa panguva rusununguko aesthetic mabasa izwi akapinda nzira evanhu realism. Zvaiita Sokuti ichi: ". Pfungwa, bato, rudzi" Asi zvakanga zvikuru gare gare, uye izvi tichataura pazasi. Kazhinji, zvakafanana kusvikira nevafungi mid-nemipfumbamwe remakore, vachiedza kupindura mubvunzo chii nyika, kuzivikanwa aiwanzowanika muzvikwata munyika. Saka, pfungwa "rudzi" uye "rudzi" Kazhinji zvinofanana kuchinjaniswa.

tsika Polish

Asi, kunze apa, pane dzimwe mhirikiro, zvose mukati Russia uye kunze. Saka, shoko rokuti narodowość nzvanyira Polish yaishandiswa Pfungwa tsika mbiri. Yokutanga yakanga wakanyanga mumweya Kujekerwa uye kunanga kuzivikanwa vanhu-mamiriro. Wechipiri akanga nechokuita zvikuru kuna Romanticism uye chinayo pfungwa wacho tsika yevanhu.

Russian nzira

MuRussia, kwaivawo, kunyange zvisingawanzoitiki, nzira mhinduro yomubvunzo: "Chii rudzi?" Somuenzaniso, shoko rokuti anogona kunzwisiswa ive pachake nevakariri sezvo kweMwana vanhu nemapoka maduku, mukusiyana kuna rezvedzidzo uye kwamachinda vanomutswa maererano netsika dzokuMadokero.

Pakuzadzisa pamberi chimurenga

Zvishoma nezvishoma, tsanangudzo chii rudzi, kuramba kuwana nationalist uye kunyange chauvinist nechimiro chokureva. Kana zvingashandawo kunzwisiswa somunhu tsanangudzo ravaIndia tsika pakati rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, uye gare gare pane rokuti pasina bhuku rudzi, mumakore pakarepo anotangira Revolution pakati 1917, kuchinjwa pfungwa positivism kushandiswa shoko rakanga chiratidzo kunaka uye backwardness. Uye mupfungwa vakawanda anozivikanwa seDare nationalist pfungwa.

The Soviet kumwedzi

Ndechipi rudzi munhoroondo Soviet Union, hazvibviri kune chokwadi, nokuti zviri shoko iri kakawanda zvikuru huchinje dzidziso yeSoviet. Pakutanga kubva zvachose kuti kuzviramba ave kakasaririra pakati poumambo. Izwi wava kukamura uchishandisa zvakare pashure 1934, apo panguva XVII Congress of Bolshevik akanzi kuguma kirasi tichirwisa muchikwata che "boka" akapa nzira mamwemazwi - "reSoviet vanhu". Saka, pane boka zvisikwa vakatanga kutaura rudzi. By pakuguma 30s shoko kuva chikamu Soviet muupenyu uye aiva nesimba Pfungwa rinoreva zvokuti chero kuedza kupikisa kana kuramba izvozvo vakanzwisisa sezvo basa Anti-Soviet. Ukuwo, pakanga pasina rondedzero yakajeka, anogona inonanga tsanangurai chii kwavanobva. Mumabhuku Somuenzaniso, akataura pakati pezvimwe zvinhu vanyori vakadai Pushkin uye NdiTolstoy, "akasika nevanhu," uye zvakanga nokuratidzwa rwacho. Mumwe akati kuti vanyori ataure rudzi pasinei mukirasi dzavo. Vamwewo vanofunga kuti shoko iri kuvanza chinokosha hweruzhinji. Resurfaced kutsunga pamwe zvahungava hwakaita zvakavimbika vorudzi. Somuenzaniso, tsvaka chii rudzi uye nyika, akaedza Pospelov. Akanyora kuti "chinangwa munyika mberi kugutsikana" rinofanira kunzwisiswa iri izwi. Chimwe shanduro tsanangudzo inobva kuedza yokuziva dzinza uye bato chavanopinda. Asi mberi pashure Stalin, zvikuru akasiyana ndiye Kuzadziswa Soviet Union ndiwo zvitupa ukama dzaro People.

Russia muna post-Soviet nguva

rudzi Category chaionekwa nevafungi mune post-Soviet nguva muRussia. Asi, sezvo munguva Soviet, pakati pavo hakuna unanimity. Kudivi rimwe, kuti equalize rupi Orthodox kuedza kudzorera kukosha rinozivikanwa wevacheche, achida kupora umambo. Kune rumwe - rudzi chiri chokuita kuti zvitupa, tichigumisa akaenzana chiratidzo pakati pavo. Maitiro aya akafanana mumwe, kureva kuti ivo uchapupu ukuru kwenzanga, kuti seboka pamusoro wacho, pamunhu. kakasaririra Izvi zvakafanana zvose Soviet uye paakaenda gadziriro, uye nanhasi uchiri vairamba.

Lysenko akanga pfungwa kuti uwane chinangwa tsanangudzo chii nyika, ichapiwa mune ramangwana, sezvo iri izwi riri chokwadi kuramba sezvo pfungwa-chikamu uye chinhu chinokosha ramangwana, chete kutanga kuumba dzidziso yacho mamiriro. Nhasi, ari zvaanofunga, anogona uye zvinofanira kungoitirwa chete zvikuru zvimiso uye kujeka tsanangudzo norudzi sezvo zvose-Russian. Kunyange zvakadaro, choruzhinji ndiye nzwisisa ukama marudzi, umo collectivist "isu" kwakapararira pamusoro wacho "I".