Chii zita uye Zvinoonekwa Galaxy yedu. Zita nyeredzi redu renyeredzi

Azere nyeredzi kubva kare akakwezva maonero evanhu. The yakanakisisa pfungwa marudzi ose vakaedza kunzwisisa nzvimbo yedu zvose, fungidzira uye kupembedza mudziyo kwayo. Scientific mberi akabvumira kupinda kusora rakakura expanses pakati pezvakasikwa kubva kudanana uye zvechitendero constructs zvine musoro kuti riitike dzidziso, inobva vakawanda ndeechokwadi zvinhu. Zvino, mudzidzi wose ane pfungwa chii sokunge redu renyeredzi maererano zvichangobva kudzidzwa, uyo, sei, uye kana iye akamupa zita rakadaro wokufananidzira, uye chii chiri zvayo vanofungidzirwa ramangwana.

Origin of zita

Shoko rokuti "Gwara Way" Chokwadi, munhu tautology. Galactikos mu nehasha rinoshandurwa kubva muchiGiriki rinoreva "Gwara". Saka vagere Peloponnese akadanwa nesumbu nyeredzi dzokudenga usiku, Kutaura kwayakatangira kuna Hera romoto mwarikadzi haana kuda kudyisa Heracles, mwanakomana asiri wepamutemo yaZeus, uye nehasha squirt mukaka. Anosiya uye akaumba akatisiyira njanji kuonekwa pamusoro pachena nousiku. Kwapera A remakore, masayendisiti akawana kuti akaona nyika - chete duku chikamu kwemiviri yokudenga aripo. The nzvimbo wezvinhu zvose, inova nyika yedu, vakapa zita Galaxy kana Gwara Way hurongwa. Pashure pokusimbisa kubvuma ariko mamwe mapoka zvakafanana muchadenga wokutanga akava izwi kwavari nokudenga.

mukati maonero

Ruzivo rwesayenzi nemamiriro zvakasikwa, kusanganisira zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, zvishoma hwakabviswa vaGiriki vekare. Kunzwisisa kuti boka redu renyeredzi sechinhu, kunge wakashanduka-shanduka kubva idenderedzwa zvakasikwa naAristotle kune ano dzidziso umo nzvimbo dema makomba uye kwasviba nyaya.

Chokwadi chokuti Earth - maitiro chaikosha Gwara Way, zvinoisa kurambidzwa vamwe vaya vari kuedza kufunga kuti chimiro mhando rwedu renyeredzi. Kuti inonzwisisika mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu kunoda maonero kubva kunze, uye kure zvikuru chinangwa pakuongorora. Zvino sayenzi kunyimwa yakadaro mukana. A yorudzii kutsiva kunze mucherechedzi anova muunganidzwa renyeredzi nemamiriro Data uye kuwirirana kwavo parameters dzimwe nzvimbo anotsanangura hurongwa, dziripo kudzidza.

The dzakaunganidza mashoko anotigonesa kutaura nechivimbo kuti redu renyeredzi ane Disc chimiro ine kuzvimba (kuzvimba) pakati uye diverging kubva nepakati zononoka maoko. Ekupedzisira ane chakajeka nyeredzi hurongwa. dhayamita of Disc kunopfuura 100,000 chiedza-makore.

mamiriro

Galactic Center chakavanzika nokuda yomuchadenga guruva, izvo chinondidzivirira kudzidza maitiro. Batsirai kukurira dambudziko nzira redhiyo yezvenyeredzi. At chaiwo wavelengths vanogona kukurira nyore chero zvipingamupinyi uye ape vaida zvikuru mufananidzo. Galaxy yedu, humboo vakawana mumwe heterogeneous mamiriro.

Conventionally, pane vaviri akabatanidza chinhu pamwe nemumwe: denderedzwa rechiedza uye zvakakodzera Disc. Wokutanga subsystem ane zvinotevera unhu:

• chimiro chinhu rinosvika;

• zviri kuonekwa pakati kuzvimba;
• soro wevasungwa nyeredzi denderedzwa rechiedza hunhu waro evaMedhia chikamu, pamwe rava kusvika kumucheto ari arambe achirema ipfupi kwazvo;
• vachishandisa kutenderera renyeredzi mapazi nani zvishoma;
• denderedzwa rechiedza akawana kunyanya kare nyeredzi pamwe hwakanyatsorwisa pasi uremu;
• nzvimbo yaiva subsystems akazadzwa rima nyaya.

Galactic dhisiki Nyeredzi arambe achirema chikuru zvikuru kupfuura denderedzwa rechiedza. The dzisimbe tichingamidze vaduku uye kunyange chete zvichiitika nzvimbo zvinhu.

Center uye moyo

"Mwoyo" hweGwara Way ari renyeredzi pakati Sagittarius. Pasina kuridzidza zvakaoma kunzwisisa chii redu renyeredzi zvakazara. The zita "Musimboti" mumabasa zvesayenzi kana inoshanda chete kuti nechepakati nzvimbo ine dhayamita ane parsecs shoma, kana rinosanganisira kuzvimba uye gasi mhete, izvo vaiona nzvimbo yechizvarirwo nyeredzi. Zvadaro, musimboti rokutanga achashandisa izwi.

Pakati hweGwara Way risingatauri nyore zvinopfuura chiedza anooneka: iye akatarisana vakawanda yepasi pose guruva Anovanzira Zvinoonekwa redu renyeredzi. Photos nezvifananidzo, wakatorwa pana michini wavelengths, nyanzvi vawedzere zvikuru zivo pamusoro tsanga.

Data pamusoro nemwaranzi kunyanya nechepakati chikamu Galaxy chakaita masayendisiti kudavira kuti pane chinoumba musimboti chinhu dema buri. uremu Its kunopfuura miriyoni 2,5 kakapetwa gobvu kwezuva. Around chinhu ichi, maererano vaongorori, zvinonzi zvayaitenderera paguyo rimwe zvakawanda, asi zvishoma chaizvo pamusoro parameters, nhema gomba. Current ruzivo pamusoro zvinhu sechivako pezvakasikwa dzinoti izvi zvinhu zviri pakati emapoka vakawanda.

Light uye rima

The simba abatana makomba nhema inofamba chenyeredzi unounza zvachinja Zvinoonekwa redu renyeredzi: inotungamirira kune dzakananga kuchinja kutenderera mitumbi yokudenga uncharacteristically Somuenzaniso, pedyo renzou. Kudzidza trajectories izvi uye nhamba yacho velocities pamwe kure kubva Galactic centre nhema nheyo ava kushingaira kutanga dzidziso rima nyaya. Hunhu waro refu yakafukidzwa chakavanzika. Kuvapo rima nyaya, anofungidzirwa serakaoma zvinoriumba vazhinji nyaya zvose zvakasikwa yakanyorwa chete pamusoro migumisiro regiravhiti chete muchadenga.

Kana kubvisa zvose yepasi pose guruva anovanza kwatiri chinoumba anopenya ikashamisa unoshamisa mufananidzo. Pasinei wevasungwa pamusoro rima nyaya, chikamu ichi wezvinhu uzere nechiedza chaibwinya neboka guru nhamba yenyeredzi. Imwe chairema nzvimbo ivo kakawanda kupfuura pedyo zuva. Anenge gumi bhiriyoni wavo Vanoumba Galactic nemizariro, anonziwo bhiriji, kwete chaizvo senguva chimiro.

Space nzungu

Kudzidza nechepakati wemuTesitamende refu-siyana zvinoita kuti vawane hwakadzama michini mufananidzo. Our renyeredzi, sezvazvakanyorwa akatendeuka akabuda, ari musimboti ane chimiro nowenyika nzungu vari goko. Izvi "mupengo" uye ane jumper, izvo zvinosanganisira tsvuku hofori anopfuura mamiriyoni 20 (inopenya, asi zvishoma inopisa nyeredzi). Kubva kumigumo muzariro yakashatiswa mumufambiro zononoka maoko hweGwara Way.

Basa chokuita kuwanikwa "nzungu" pakati zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, kwete chete kuti anojekesa renyeredzi yedu yakarongeka, asiwo kubatsira kunzwisisa sei akaita vakashanduka. Pakutanga, iri nzvimbo pakati pezvakasikwa paiva inokosha dhisiki, iyo yakaumbwa bhiriji pamusoro nguva. Pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu dzomukati dzinotsanagura kubhawa achinja wawo uye akava sezvinhu nut.

imba yedu iri nzvimbo mepu

Active nyeredzi inotungamirwa kunoitika zambuko, uye vari zononoka maoko, ine redu renyeredzi. The zita vakapiwa panguva zvinyamutanhatu, iyo anoronga vaakawana matavi: naPerseus Arm, Cygnus, Centaurus, Sagittarius uye Orion. Near yokupedzisira (ari chinhambwe kwete asingasviki 28 zviuru chiedza makore kubva musimboti) uye ndiye renzou. nharaunda iyi vane unhu, maererano nenyanzvi, ndakaita zvibvire chidzoke upenyu Panyika.

Galaxy yedu nyika dzose dzinotenderera zuva tenderera nayo. Mitemo inofamba pakati wacho zvinoriumba mune iyi havasi zvakafanana. A guru nhamba yenyeredzi dzimwe nguva zviri chikamu zononoka mapazi, izvozvo anosiiwa kwavari. Chete mwenje pamuganhu corotation denderedzwa, regai kuita "kufamba." Kwakadaro Izvi zvinosanganisira zuva, yakadzivirirwa kubva pezvakaitwa simba vari kuramba kuitika dzisimbe. Kunyange zvishomanana misha kuti apikise zvose vamwe zvakanaka nokuda pokumuka zvipenyu pasi redu.

Denga mangoda

The zuva - chete mumwe mitumbi mizhinji zvakafanana, iyo izere redu renyeredzi. Stars, kuroorwa kana dzikarongwa, uwandu akapfuudza achangobuda Data mabhiriyoni 400. The pedyo nesu, Proxima Centauri, chikamu kwegadziriro nyeredzi vatatu zvishoma kure Alpha Centauri A uye Alpha Centauri B. The chakajeka akajekerwa denga usiku, Sirius A, riri Canis Major. luminosity Its maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana kupfuura rezuva muna 17-23 nguva. Sirius uyewo haana oga ari, achiperekedzwa Mwedzi, akatakura akafanana zita, asi akacherekedza B.

Vana kazhinji vanotanga tinyatsoziva sei redu renyeredzi sokunge, aine kutsvaka mudenga kana North Star Alpha Ursa Minor. kukurumbira kwayo dzinowana nzvimbo pamusoro North Pole the Earth. Luminosity Polar yekudyidzana kupfuura Sirius (kusvika zviuru zviviri nguva chaikunda Sun), asi haikwanise kudenha kodzero Alpha Canis Major musoro kupfuura unoshamisa nemhaka chinhambwe kubva pasi (vanofungidzirwa pakati 300 uye 465 chiedza makore).

marudzi nyeredzi

Nyeredzi ndivo luminosity uye daro kubva mucherechedzi kwete chete. Mumwe anonzi imwe ukoshi (chaienzanirana chikwata chinobviswa zuva marongero), ukuru pamusoro kudziyisa, ruvara.

The unoyevedza kukura vane supergiants. The zvikuru wevasungwa ari muvanhu chikwata vhoriyamu dzakasiyana Nyuturoni nyeredzi. Color unhu zvakabatanidzwa chokuita tembiricha:

• mutsvuku ari coldest;
• muchidziisa pamusoro kusvika 6 000º, sezuva, inobereka yero Hue;
• chena uye zvitema chiedza ane tembiricha dzinopfuura 10 000º.

luminosity of nyeredzi anogona siyana uye kusvika vaifanira kukurumidza pamberi yakawondomoka. Supernova kuputika vari abatsira zvikuru kunzwisisa zvazvinoreva sokunge Galaxy yedu. Photos of izvi anogadzirwa materesikopu vari zvinoshamisa.
Inounganidzwa maererano zvavanenge vawana vakakubatsira kudzorera muitiro kwakazokonzera yatanga, uye kuti kufanotaura njodzi zvinoverengeka yepasi pose miviri.

Remangwana hweGwara Way

Our renyeredzi nezvimwe mapoka enyeredzi vanongogara parwendo uye nekutaurirana. Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi vakaona kuti hweGwara Way Aigara ikapedza vavakidzani. pezvakaitwa akafanana tarisirwa mune ramangwana. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo ichasanganisira Magellanic Cloud uye zvinoverengeka zvipfupi gadziriro. The chiitiko zvinoorora zvinotarisirwa muna mabhiriyoni 3-5 makore. Izvi zvichava kudhumhana pamwe chete Andromeda, muvakidzani chete kuti kunoonekwa kubva Earth pamwe chinoabatsira. Somugumisiro hweGwara Way uchava elliptical renyeredzi.

Zvisingaperi expanses nzvimbo ikapenya. Munhuwo zvake zvakaoma kunzwisisa kwete chete ndeyokuti hweGwara Way, kana zvose zvakasikwa, asi kunyange Earth. Zvisinei, nemhaka mberi mune zvesayenzi tinogona kufungidzira vamwe venyika vari chaizvo.