Cochlear implantation: chii icho, ndiani achabatsira

MuRussian Federation, maererano nehuwandu, kune vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni gumi vane matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ekunzwa. Vanhu vane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa uye vanhu vane kurasikirwa kwese kunzwa vanowana matambudziko akawanda muhupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Izvi zvinogadzirisa mikana yavo nekuita muhupenyu hwevanhu. Kunyanya kusakanganisika pamunhu wacho kunoratidzwa kune avo vakaberekerwa nekunzwa kwakasununguka, uye gare gare nekuda kwezvimwe zviitiko zvacho zvakanyatsonzwa, kana kunzwa kwavo kwakaderera zvakaderera.

Inzwi rekunzwa rakagadzirwa nekuda kwevanhu vasina kunzwa. Vakawanda vanorishandisa vanoishandisa, asi dzimwe nguva kushandiswa kwavo kunopa zvishoma zvishoma. Mumamiriro ekurasikirwa kwekunzwa kwekunzwa, kuiswa kwechinyorwa kunogona kubatsira varwere. Kuti tinzwisise kuti rinoshanda sei, isu tichatanga kunzwisisa kuti nzeve inoshanda sei uye nei tichizvinzwa, uye taurai muchidimbu nezvemhando dzekusateerera kwekunzwa.

Sei tichinzwa?

Mutinhiro unoitwa kuburikidza nekunze nekunze kwenzeve. Izwi rinotinhira rinotungamirira kumhanyiro eardard. Uyezve, inotenderera ichi kudonhedzera kune ketani ine maziso oicicles-nyundo, nyundo uye kuwedzera.

Kubva kune stapes, iyo iri pamagumo eketani ye ossicles, kushambadzira kunopinda mukati mekona yenzeve yomukati. Iine maitiro ehove uye izere nemvura. Munharaunda iyi kune masero emvere dzemawere, izvo zvinoshandiswa mumagetsi zvinoshandurwa kuva mutsara. Izvi zvinosvika kuuropi kuburikidza nehutano hwekuongorora, pane kuumbwa nekuona kwechifananidzo chakanaka chatinonzwa.

Sei kunzwa kusina kunaka?

Kunzwa zvinetso zvichiitika kana pane imwe nguva mukugadzirisa kukanganiswa kwezwi kwakaitika. Saka, kana mvere dzemvere dzemawere dzenzeve dzomukati dzisingarambi dzichivhiringidzika semugumisiro wehutambudzi kana chirwere, ipapo kunzwa kwakadzika kunotanga. Inogona kunge ichinyorwa mushure mekunge kana, nenguva yematsi, mwana atotodzidza kutaura, kana kutaura, pakutanga kana kutaura kusati kuchiziva.

Mhando dzekunzwa kusimba

Zviratidzo zvekunzwa kutadza kune zvakasarudzwa, izvo zvinotarirwa zvichienderana nedigiri, nzvimbo uye nguva yekutanga kweve matsi.

Nehutachiwana hwekutadza kunzwa zvakapatsanurwa kuva matsi zvakakwana uye kurasikirwa kwekunzwa, kana kuonekwa kwezwi kuchiitika, asi zvakaoma. Njodzi dzinogona kuitika:

• Sensorine;
• Kuita;
• Mixed.

Kunzwa kunokonzerwa nechinetso chekunzwa chinowanikwa sechikonzero chekuputsa mukati mezeve yomukati kana kutengesa kwemashoko ekuongorora. Dambudziko rematambudziko akadaro rakasiyana kubva kune matsi kusvika kune matsi.

Kukanganisa kunzwa kunokonzerwa nekuda kwezvinetso zvakabuda munzeve yekunze kana mukati, nekuda kwekuti kushambadzira kwekutinhira kwezwi kunoparadzaniswa uye kunokanganisa kana kusatorwa kupinda munzeve yomukati zvachose. Inogona kuve kukanganisa kweeardrum, sulfur plug, nezvimwewo.

Maererano nezera remhosva, matambudziko aya anogona kuva:

• Congenital;
• Prelingual;
• Postlingual.

Nenharaunda, matsi inogona kupararira kune imwe nzeve kana maviri, saka chirwere chakadai chakadai chinonzi binaural.

Zviratidzo zvekushandiswa kwechinyorwa

Cochlear implantation inoratidzwa munyaya dzinotevera:

1. Nekunzwa kwakadzika kwepfungwa matsi.
2. Pasi padziviriro yekutarisisa kana kushandiswa kwemajoni anonzwika pane rubatsiro rwekunzwa binaural.
3. Mukusavapo kwekutaura kwemazwi munyaya ye optically yakasarudzwa kunzwa manzwisisiro kwemwedzi mitatu, nehutachiona hwekunzwa kwekunzwa kwekunzwa.
4. Mukusabatwa kwezvinetso zvekufunga (kukanganisa kwekuita kwepfungwa kwechimiro chakasiyana).
5. Mukusina kwezvinetso zvepfungwa.
6. Mukushaikwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvirwere zvinotyisa.

Kusiyana-zviratidzo uye kukwana

Iko kushandiswa kwekugadzirisa hakubatsiri kana kukanganiswa kwekunzwa kunowanzoitwa nekuda kweeuritis yeropa rekuongorora kana kuora ropa mune zvikamu zvemukati kana zvikamu zveuropi. Kuiswa kwechichlear mumatambudziko aya hakuzoiti nemigumisiro inoda.

Hazvina maturo kuita basa racho mumatambudziko eku calcification ye cochlea (kuiswa kwe calcium salts) kana kushambadzira kwayo (bone kumera).

Cochlear implantation hainzwisisiki kana varwere vane kurasikirwa kwekunzwa vakagara mukunyarara kwakakwana kwenguva refu (kwemakore). Muchiitiko ichi, kushanda hakuzounzi zvinodiwa nekuda kwekuti, nekusara kwenguva refu kwekusimudzira, matavi ehutano hwekuongorora anotorwa uye haagoni kugadziriswa.

Mukuwedzera, zvinopesana ndezvi:

• Zvinopisa kuvhiringidza kwepakati chenzeve.
• Kuvapo kwekuvhenekera kwehupanic membrane.
• Kuchengetedza uye kushanda kwemasero emvere, anotsanangurwa nenzira ye otoacoustic emission.
• Nekutaura kwepakutanga matsi, zera remwana zvinopfuura makore matanhatu.
• Nekunyoresa matsi, nguva yekutsiva inogara kwenguva refu kudarika nguva yekunzwa.

Chii chinokonzerwa nechochlear?

Iko inosanganisira zvikamu zviviri, izvo zvisingabatanidzwi nemhando ipi zvayo. Chimwe chikamu chakabatanidzwa kune nzeve dzokunze uye chinoumbwa nemakrofoni uye inogadziriswa (mumazuva ano maenzanisi ayo akabatanidzwa), pamwe chete nemutumira unonamatira paganda semaginiti. Chikamu chechipiri chiri mukati, uye inogamuchira. Iyo yakagadzirirwa munguva yemazuva. Chaizvoizvo, mukuiswa kwemupiki uye kushanda uku kunopedzerwa - cochlear implantation.

Sangano rinoshanda sei?

Iyo maikorofoni yakanamirwa kune nzeve dzokunze inobata inzwi uye inozviisa kumushanduri wekutaura uri panzvimbo imwe chete. Mukati, inzwi rakagamuchirwa rakanyorwa uye rakashandurwa kuva magetsi. Uyezve vanopfuura nepakati pekuendesa yakagadzirirwa kune ganda, pinda muwaniki uri munguva yemafupa. Kubva ipapo vanopinda mukikilea pamwe chete ne electrode uye vanoita pane ganglion yemhepo yehutano hwepamusoro. Nokudaro, murwere anowana mukana wekunzwisisa manzwiro.

Mutengo

Zvose zvinodhura zvekushongedza, kuongororwa, kuvhiyiwa nekuenderera mberi nekugadziriswa kwemashure kunotsanangurwa zvakananga kune mumwe murwere. Nhamba yekuongororwa kwakakosha kunobva kune anamnesis uye huwandu hwemurwere. Saka, somuenzaniso, kune varwere vane nhoroondo ye meningitis, maginist resonance imaging inotenderwa, iyo ichagadzirisa mamiriro emapfupa epanguva. Vamwe vose varwere izvi hazvikwanisi kuitwa. Uyewo dzimwe nguva (kwete dzose) zvinoda kubvunzurudzwa kweve geneticist kana yeurologist. Izvi zvose zvinokanganisa kuti mari yakawanda yakaita sei inoshandiswa. Mari yacho inenge inenge mamiriyoni 300 rubles. Asi kune vagari veRussian Federation, kushanda kwakadaro kunogona kuitwa pasina kubhadharwa pachikamu.

Mari inoshandiswa pakuchengetwa kwezvipatara uye kugara muchipatara inobhadharwa zvakasiyana uye inoenderana nemitengo yeasarudzo yakasarudzwa.

Zviongorori zvinodiwa nekushanda

1. Kuongorora kwechiremba we ENT.
2. Kubvunzurudzwa kweodoneurologist.
3. Kubvunzurudzwa kwesangano.
4. Audiometry.
5. Impedanceometry.
6. Chikwata chekusimudzira.
7. Otoacoustic emission.
8. Kunzwa zvinogona.
9. Computer tomography yemapfupa emapfupa.
10. Mavhendi ekuongorora mabhizimisi, sekuda kwekupindira chero kupi zvako (chirwere chikuru uye urine kuongorora, ropa glucose, biochemical blood test).

Basa racho pacharo rinotora anenge 1.5 maawa. Iyo inogadziriswa inogadziriswa munguva yemafupa eBTE, uye magetsi anoshandiswa mukati mechando. Zvadaro, mumazuva 7-10, kupfekedzwa kunogadzirwa uye kumira kunobviswa.

Iwe unogona kuchinja sangano mumavhiki 3-5. Kugadzirisa kwekutanga kunogona kuitwa pasati yapfuura mwedzi mushure mekushanda. Zvakakosha kuti uzviite zvakanyatsonaka uye kwete kuita kuti murwere ashushikane kana achimudzorera kunyika yenzwi.

Imwe-gedhi cochlear implantation inogoneka pamakumbo maviri. Panguva imwecheteyo, rimwe nerimwe rakasiyana rakasununguka cochlear rinowanikwa. Ongororo uye nguva yekuvandudza yakafanana neyekuti unilateral inogadziriswa.

Kuvandudza

Mushure mokushanda "cochlear implantation", kugadziriswa ibasa rinokosha. Mushure mokunge izwi rekugadzirisa izwi rakabatana, rinofanira kugadzirirwa zvakanaka uye rinodzidzisa murwere kuti anzwisise manzwiro uye anocherechedza manzwiro aya kuitira kuti akwanise kushandisa ruzivo rwaakagamuchira nokuda kwekutaura kwekutaura. Kuvandudza inzira inonyanya kukosha, yakaoma uye yakareba.

Boka rose revanyanzvi, kusanganisira otho, vashandi vezvechirwere, surdopedagogists, audiologists, psychologists, vari kubatsira kupedza nguva yekudzorera kumurwere. Makirasi anosungirirwa nenzira dzakakosha uye nguva dzekudzidzisa kwenguva refu, pamwe nekukurukurirana kwevanyori vose ava. Mune ramangwana, maonero avo anodiwa muhupenyu hwomurwere. Mukuwedzera, nguva nenguva purogiramu yekutaura ichadikanwa kugadziridzwa.

Kunzwa rubatsiro. Price list

Kune vanhu vane hutsika hwakanyanya hwekunzwisisa inzwi, maitiro akawanda akagadzirwa - manzwiro ekunzwa anogona kubatsira kugadzirisa mune zvemagariro evanhu. Kunzwa rubatsiro kunouya muchimiro cheBTE, iyo inosungirirwa shure kwechechi, uye-ne-nzeve-iri mumuteereri wenzeve yomuteereri uye inoitwa kurongeka. Pari zvino, pane ma digital models anotengeswa.

Mukuwedzera, panewo yakadzika inogona kunzwa manzwiro. Iko iri mumugwagwa unoongorora, zvishoma zvishoma muhukuru uye anenge asingaoneki kune vamwe. Asi zviyero zvakadaro zvinopesana nevana vasati vava nemakore gumi nemaviri.

Iko mari yekutinha mabatsiro yakasiyana, asi yakawanda. Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuti nhamba yakawanda yevarwere ishandise kushandisa manzwiro ekunzwa. Mitengo yakanyanya kutengesa. Saka, mushure me-ear-ear models zvinogona kutengwa kubva ku4,5 kusvika ku17 chikuru rubles. In-the-ear devices are cost a little more.

Kurapa nekunzwa kurasikirwa

Kana pane kuora kwekunzwa, kurapa kunobva pane zvikonzero zvakakonzera. Pakati pezvisarudzo zvinogona kuitika:

1. Kubvisa sulfur plug - izvi zvinogadzirwa nokuchenesa, dzimwe nguva kushandisa shanduro inokosha.
2. Kushandiswa kwekunzwa rubatsiro. Mukuwedzera kumashure-e-nzeve, mu-in-nzeve uye mumvura yakadzika, manzwiro ekunzwa anogona kushandiswa, akaiswa mufurati rekuratidzira kana muhomwe, uyewo mufananidzo webhanhire uye kunyange muhutu hwemhete. Ndeupi wavo anoenderana nemurwere, murwere otolaryngologist achakurukura.
3. Cochlear implants - izvi zvakakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Kudzivirira kunzwa kurasikirwa

Kunzwa kurasikirwa kunogona kukonzerwa nekurwara, kushanda munzvimbo ine ruzha kana kugara kwenguva refu munzvimbo ine ruzha. Kunzwa kunogona kuderera nekuda kwekuchinja kwehutano.

Kana basa racho rakabatana nekugadzirwa kwemhepo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti ma-headphones kana mamwe mazvigadzi anoshandiswa munzvimbo yebasa kudzivirira pakunzwika kukuru, somuenzaniso mapundu emakona.

Nguva dzose chengeta kunzwa kwevanhu vose vanobatanidzwa nekugara kwenguva refu munzvimbo ine ruzha. Izvi zvichabatsira kuona kutadza kwekunzwa panguva yekutanga uye kutora matanho panguva yakakodzera, nokudaro kudzivirira kutambira kurasikirwa nekuvandudzwa kwekunzwa kurasikirwa kana kutinzwa.

Dzivisa mhere-mhere huru panguva dzezororo uye usateerera mimhanzi yakanyanya kwazvo kana kuti nguva nenguva uchitora kupumha.