Cyril-Belozersky Monastery: kare, mapikicha, description, mapurani, kuvake. How kuenda St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamongi?

Ose mugari vanofanira kuziva nhoroondo dzavo uye kurangarira yakatangira. Modern ugere Russia zvishoma nezvishoma anowana kudzama uye simba nhaka mamiriro, inova chikamu chinokosha munhoroondo wemamongi. Interesting iyi akapoteredza anoonekwa kuti St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamonk. Chii kuona wemamongi? Icons, Mumachechi, nzvimbo upenyu uye neminyengetero vakawanda vakakurumbira. Kuburikidza kutapwa wemamongi zvinogona nani zvikuru kudzidza kurarama uye sei Russia kumhuka nhoroondo yacho.

hwaro

Create Cyril Belozersky wemamongi yakatangira mukupera remakore rechi14. Panguva ino muRussia makanga sefungu pakusikwa dzemamongi sezvo hupfumi, tsika uye zvokunamata nzvimbo. Kutanga izvi yakatangwa nevanhu Sergiy Radonezhsky, akasika Utatu-Sergeev Lavra muna 1342. Hwaro yemamongi Colonisation weRussia agadzirira gwaro izvo akabvumira dzemamongi kunyika. Muenzaniso Radonezh rokutanga vakabvuma Dmitry Prilutsky akawana Nicholas wemamonk. Zvino kushamwaridzana Sergey Kirillov Belozersky muna 1397 wakateya yemamongi itsva. Cyril Belozersky wemamongi iri pamhenderekedzo Lake Siverskoye mutaundi Kirillov, Vologda nharaunda.

Mukupera remakore rechi14 kugarwa musi Siverskoe Lake anouya mumongi Cyril Belozersky, anochera bako pamahombekombe uye anotanga kutungamirira munhu oga upenyu. Saka vakatanga nhoroondo imwe dzemamongi pakukura Russia.

Life of St. Cyril

About munzanga upenyu Kirilla Belozerskogo, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa. Pane shanduro kuti akabva mumhuri anokudzwa, asi nokukurumidza akasiya nherera uye kudzivirirwa naye ishe Dasha Ilich Velyaminov, uyo akashanda ari muruvazhe Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy. Jaya rikava wehomwe wamambo, asi chaizvo vakamanikidzwa zvenyika upenyu uye aida kuenda wemamongi, kunyange Velyaminov uye aiva naro. Mahrischskogo kurevererwa Stephen, shamwari St. Segiyo pamusoro Radonezh, akabatsira jaya kusiya basa uye vandoshumira muna Simonov wemamonk. Pano ramangwana Reverend akasangana Segiyo, uyo kazhinji kwenguva yakareba.

Kubva pamazuva Kirill basa yokutanga akaratidza kushingaira zvikuru omarara austerity. Aida kuti mazuva 2-3 chete, uye Takudzai pachako basa rakaoma uye minyengetero. Asi mukuru Michael Smolensky, uyo aiva baba jaya womudzimu, akamuudza kuti kudya zvokudya zuva nezuva, pamwe chete nezvose uye akaisa basa panguva bhekari. Kirill akanyengetera zvakaoma chaizvo uye akashanda nesimba. Segiyo dzinounzwa pakati mamongi ayo uye nguva dzose pamwe kushanyira wemamongi ataura naye. Monk Kirill dzechitendero kushingaira kwavo akawana kuremekedzwa mamwe masoja ake, uye ivo akasarudzwa naye Archimandrite muna 1390 pakati wemamongi. Cyril basa akaunganidzawo vakawanda vanhu (kusanganisira kwamachinda), iyo inosiya mari guru uye akabvunza seane uchenjeri Council. kufarirwa kwakadaro chaionekwa navo kutsamwa kukuru, uye akatsvaka munyengetero oga.

Rimwe zuva akanga chiratidzo umo Mhandara akanongedza White Lake, apo anofanira kuva. Cyril akasiya wemamongi uye pamwe chete Reverend Ferapont akaenda kugungwa. Akachera dugout, Cyril akatanga kuita ake munamato Feat uye FERAPONT kutya kunyanya kwokuomerwa nzvimbo uye akaenda kune imwe nzvimbo, apo iye akasika yemamongi. Cyril mashoma apfuura bedzi vararame utsinye ezvinhu. Ikawira nemipaini murimi vakaedza kuisa moto dzake nepakanga pakahwanda, akaedza angabira, asi vose kwezvirwere vakaramba Amai dzvene raMwari. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuumbwa vakamupoteredza chiduku Fraternity, uye wemamongi anotanga kukura. Zvak anotenga nyika, anoita kuti bumbiro iri wemamongi, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva nehasha huru, anounganidza yemamongi zvakanaka raibhurari uye akanyora tsamba dzakawanda hama dzake mukutenda. Muna 1427 St. Cyril anofa, kusiya testamendi kuna Prince Andrew Mozhayskoe aine chikumbiro kuchengeta wemamongi uye nyika yakachengeteka atenga kwaari. Muna muna 1547 Cyril akanga somusande musande yeChechi yeOrthodox.

Nhoroondo wemamongi

The panoda St. Cyril akasika yemamongi remakore rechi14 raikosha. Pane akararama vakawanda vakanga kunotenga, nokuti pano pane mari chaizvo nevezvokutengeserana kubva kuchamhembe kuMoscow. Kana paiva mumongi, vagari vemo vakatanga kunetseka kuti achaita kutenga nyika yavo uye zvakavatorera zvakaoma dzavo. Cyril chaizvoizvo akanga chinangwa uye kukwanisa kutenga nyika. Zvishoma nezvishoma vasapinda nhaka wemamongi yakawanda ndima, uye iye anokumbira timu kuvaka temberi, yakanga chechi nokufungidzira. Cyril wemamongi akavaka pamusoro muenzaniso Simonov wemamongi, uko akapedza makore akawanda.

Nhoroondo St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamongi yakatanga mamongi vaviri vakanga vauya pakazopera upenyu Rev. atova anenge 50 novices. Cyril kutendeseka yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru, uye akakwanisa veko kusava noudyire ake nevavariro vabvume. Zvishoma nezvishoma wake wakapararira vatsvene, nevapfuuri kune wemamongi akatambanudza Zvipo zvaiita chokuwedzera yaro vaiva wemamongi. Munguva 2nd remakore wemamongi vakava rakakura feudal ishe nharaunda, iye vakabatana pasi hwake varimi vanodarika zviuru 20 uye nyika yakakura. Madziro St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamongi akabvunza kukura uyewo nhamba mamongi nevapfuuri chete akakura.

ichatonga zvine mbiri

The zvizere simba ravo simba Cyril Belozersky wemamongi anouya pashure 1446, pashure zvinosuwisa pekuparadzwa ikoko pechigaro choushe Basil II, uyo akanga akapofumadzwa uye kumanikidzwa kubvuma simba mhiko pamuchinjikwa kuti arege ukwanise kuita Moscow choushe. Pashure paizvozvo, akanga kuutapwa Vologda, apo akanga ari muutapwa Ferapontov wemamongi. Panguva kushanya Basil St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery abbot yabviswa naye mhiko iyi, kuvakomborera kudzokera simba. Izvi akapa disenfranchised simba uye ushingi, uye akaita rwendo, panguva iyo akadzokera pachigaro. Pashure Basil zvakazadza norukudzo rukuru nokuda wemamongi uye mamongi zvakawanda akatenda. Akavapa nyika uye akapa mvumo yokuti basa-mubhadharo kutengeserana mhiri Moscow State. It vakapa wemamongi ane simba guru, simba uye simba. Panguva iyoyo, wemamongi iri kuwedzera mabasa ayo, waneta noupenyu mamongi simba zvishoma, zvinotora vakawanda vapfumi, vane mipiro kuti tikwanise yekudyidzana kuwedzera munyika Holdings, uye kunyange kuwedzera simba wemamongi.

Kana abbot Tikhon kuvakwa guru yatanga, izvo anoumba ano Zvinoonekwa wemamongi. Description of St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamonk nguva rinoti zvaiva zvakanaka kushanda kambani. The mamongi vakashanda nesimba, ndokutora vafambi kuita siyana yechechi, achirayiridza vanhu munzira, uye mhindu nomunyu uye nehove, kusimudza mombe uye chingwa. Raiva simba guru zvoupfumi, iro akavimba uye machinda Muscovite mukurwa kuti kudzora kuchamhembe ndima.

Muna 1528 wemamongi akashanyirwa Vasily rechitatu wake, vanonyengeterera chitarisiko wenhaka, uye sezvo vakadaro, ivo yakaonekwa, nesimba wemamongi iri chete kukura. mwana uyu, uyo akazova nomukurumbira Ivanom Groznym, hwose aifarira wemamongi, akanga katatu kwave kwaari uye akapa imwe incredible $ 28 zviuru kutevera muenzaniso wababa vake. Asati afa, akatora mhiko ari St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamonk.

Muzana remakore rechi16 kumonasitiri paiva nomumwe chinangwa chakakosha munyika. Akavaka masvingo vane nharire akabatsira Panguva Troubles kukunda rwokukomba uye kurwiswa wandei simba nechisimba kwePoland uye Lithuania. Pashure paizvozvo, mambo, pokuziva kukosha wemamongi sechinhu nhare, kuvaka imwe shongwe shoma uye simbisa rusvingo. Somugumisiro, wemamongi akava kuzvidzivirira mabasa simba.

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore rechi17 pane kunhivi itsva wemamongi kubudirira. Zvakare kuitwa kuburikidza nokukurumidza kuvakwa hombe wemupiro Alexei Mikhailovich, uyo aida nhare dzairinda dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana kuGungwa White kubva yeSweden, uyewo agadzirira pano yakachengeteka iri chiitiko mhirizhonga. Rakanga pano kuti mambo kuramba kutsamwa kwake chipangamazano vanhu uye dzinovaraidza Boris Morozov , uye kunyange vamwe boyars, pakuti vanhu. Asi inoguma kuti "yendarama zera" pakati wemamongi pakazopera rechi17.

Decline uye kujeri

Panguva yake ushe wemamongi akashanyirwa Peter Mukuru. Asi akagara akatanga chisanyanya yenyika kukosha sezvo nyika kune zvitsva nhare pamusoro kuBaltic egungwa. Nechikonzero chimwe chete, kurasikirwa dzinokoshesa dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana achipfuura wemamongi nyika. The kuchinja Peter Mukuru kwakakanganisa kuti upfumi simba wemamongi. Mukuwedzera, mambo aida manpower kuti zvinotora kuvaka wemamongi. Panguva rechi18 uye kutanga yezana remakore rechi19, wemamongi akarasikirwa upfumi kukosha uye netsika ukoshi, zvivako zvakawanda zviri kuora kana kuparadzwa. Muna 1864 Catherine II anotorera wemamongi munyika uye kugarwa, apo vashandi, iye anotendeukira guta Kirillov akararama. Pakuchengetedza zvakaoma inopiwa yokuti ane mamwe basa.

Kunyange mukupera remakore rechi15, wemamongi akatanga kuridza basa nzvimbo yevasungwa, pano aitaura yanyadziswa vanokudzwa uye nevafundisi. Saka, pano ndakawana pokugara vakatambudza Metropolitan Skripitsyn. For Ivana Groznogo nhare Cyril-Belozersky wemamongi inzvimbo yakachengeteka kureva muvengi, uye Anoituma pano vazhinji. Vamwe chete, achitya chirango pedyo mambo, vakasvika kuna Kirillov pachavo. Saka yanyadziswa Metropolitan Sylvester akawana utiziro pano pakutambudzwa. Zvinenge hono nhengo dzose dzemhuri hunonyanya mutungamiri Ivan Vorotynsky zvakare kupera mazuva ake ari wemamongi. Akaramba tsika uye Fyodor Ivanovich, vakaenda Kirillov nesimba Prince Ivana Shuyskogo. Muzana remakore rechi16 pano vakatapwa vaimbova Patriarch Nikon of Moscow, uyo akararama pano kwemakore mashanu makore oupenyu hwake zvakaoma.

Cyril-Belozersky yemamongi chando zvikurukuru mwoyo kuona, uye kuwana pano pashure zvoupfumi uye enyika simba akarasika, kwaiva chirango pane chikomborero. Sezvo nzvimbo mukuru vasungwa Kirillov raishandiswa kusvikira pezana remakore rechi19. Ipapo hurumende yeSoviet rakandiponesa tsika iyi.

The Soviet kumwedzi

Pashure pokuchinja, vakatanga crackdown pamusoro vafundisi, uye Rector of St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery Varsonofy akapfurwa muna 1918. Monks uye novices, waiva hapana anopfuura maviri gumi nembiri, vari kune dzimwe dzimba dzemamongi, kana kungoti kuSiberia, Kazakhstan uye Central Asia. Muna 1924 wemamongi pakupedzisira yakavharwa. The zvivako zviri wemamongi kukava miziyamu, riri pamagumo pakati 60s rikakamurwa dzakaitika, mapurani uye uri Museum-chengetedza. Izvi vakauya Zvivako emapuranga mavakirwo nharaunda, izvozvo akaisa pamwe dzakaunganidzwa kwemifananidzo uye zvakanaka chechi kwamahwendefa. Vamwe zvivako neMoto Island raishandiswa senzira tirongo. Izvi kuramba nhasi.

kuberekwazve

Muna 1997, zvakaoma Cyril Belozersky yemamongi waibatanidzwa ndandanda akadzivirira nemagariro nzvimbo munyika. Uye muna 1998, wemamongi hwakatamisirwa kushandiswa zvachose dzeChechi yeOrthodox. Kubva iyoyo miziyamu uye chechechi zvakachengeteka pamwe pamusoro chete munharaunda. Muna 2009, mifananidzo, akatorwa wemamongi adzoka, asi nhaka richiri makuru Mumamiziyamu akapoteredza nyika. Wemamongi akangopfuurira zvisaririra St. Kirilla Belozerskogo, uyo akaponesa mamongi heroically nokutya rufu. Sezvo 2015 wemamongi akava vasaroora muprista Anastasius.

Sechivako wemamongi

Kare, kuti St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamongi, ane mapurani akachengetedza mamiriro ayo kubva muzana remakore rechi16, yaisanganisira STRUCTURAL mativi akawanda. The chikuru chinoumba - a Big kubvuma wemamonk. Heano dzose dzinokosha mabasa wemamongi, temberi dzakawanda, masero zvemamongi '. Chikamu chechipiri - a Ivanovsky duku yemamongi. It dzichengeterwe temberi uye dzimba upenyu uye basa vakuru uye mamongi vanorwara. Pamwechete zvikamu zviviri izvi vanoumba anonzi Old Town.

Chikamu chechitatu - guta idzva umo yakakura nzvimbo dziri outbuildings siyana, akanyudzwa nokuda gobvu masvingo. Pakati muguta rekare uye itsva chaimbogara Ostrog, izvo haana akapukunyuka kusvikira nguva yedu. Today Cyril Belozersky wemamonk, ane mapikicha shongedza vatungamiriri vose Russia, ndiyo pakukura Europe. On Ndima yayo dzichengeterwe temberi 11, 11 nharire, masvingo dzekare uye dzinogarwa uye zvokutengeserana zvivako zvakawanda.

Mavakirwo huru hurongwa

Model chechi mavakirwo Russian Orthodox tsika eras anoverengeka ari Cyril-Belozersky wemamonk. vakagara mapurani vakashanduka zvishoma nezvishoma, nezvishoma. Pakuvaka wemamongi rokutanga chairo - wooden kubvuma Cathedral, iyo ndokumisa boka vavezi muna 1397, haana vakapona. Temberi wechipiri akanga emapuranga, uye akanyangarika ari moto mukupera rechi15. Muna 1497 pamwe Rostov ezvivako tote ibwe Church, izvo rinosanganisa akanakisisa zvaiva Rostov pachikoro mapurani.

To musi, mune mbiri chete Zvivako pachikoro ichi. Zvadaro, temberi yakavakwazve uye akadzorerwa kanoverengeka, asi zvinonyatsorehwa nezve vavariro hombe uye akachengetedzwa. Cathedral iri cubic, domed chetyrehstolpny yakaungana Ensemble. akitekicha Its inopfuurira tsika Ages mavakirwo muMoscow. Separate unyanzvi ukoshi vari masuo mvura ine yezhizha duku Gate Church of Chitarisiko. Vakanga yakavakwa muna 1595 kuti avhurire kuwana pamhenderekedzo Lake Siverskoye. Kereke ane sezvamunoita yepakutanga uye triceps nemamwe zvemukati marongerwo. The bhero neshongwe Church chakawedzerwa Papera, muna 1759. Zviri manyorero iri North Russian Baroque, ndiyo zvishoma rinorema, asi vaakasarudza kuwedzera Ensemble yacho Church.

Pachiitiko kwaJohani wechina pamusoro wemupiro Vasily III, uyo akanyengetera kare kuti mugari wenhaka wemamongi kwababa vake, akavaka yechipiri ibwe chechi - Kereke Arhangela Gavriila. In kwayo akitekicha zvakajeka verenga simba Italian mapurani. Chivako ane 2 zvitsauko, chepakutanga zvikamu zvitatu Musara uye shaped Profile akapoteredza France rinopawo kujairika kuvakwa. Pamusoro cornice akaisa kunoda kubva weDanho anogadza kokoshniks - zvakanga inopenya uye atypical nokuda vavaki Russian chemhinduro. Gare gare, musoro rakaparadzwa, uyewo rwezasi portal.

temberi yechipiri, inovakwa arayira Basil Third - ndiwo Chechi musoro. Johani mubhabhatidzi muna Ivanovo wemamongi. Ioann Predteche - a anorichengeta anonzi ngirozi mugari wenhaka. Izvi duku temberi mamiriro rine zvitsauko zviviri uye mana mbiru chivako pamwe apses matatu. In kuvakwa wawanga mugumisiro kure ndarayira mapurani.

Muzana remakore rechi17 vanotanga kumisa madziro New Town uye nharire. Yokutanga yakanga yakavakwa Vologda Tower, izvo neDare mapurani afanane okuchengetedza Utatu-rwacho Segiyo wemamonk. Octagonal, shanu-Tiered chivako akasimuka mamita 30 uye akanga pfungwa huru sevarindi. Vamwe neshongwe zvakaitwa zvine pfupi uye wakaoma manyorerwo. Pamwe matunhu zvivako zvakavimbika nhare mutsetse masvingo. Masvingo wemamongi nokufungidzira havasi muduku New Town maererano rakavimbika, kukwirira yavo mamita anenge mashanu, vane mbiri akaturikidzana, rokumusoro riri nhevedzano pokunzvenga napo. Kubvuma yemamongi nhare anewo dzakawanda shongwe: Faceted wachi, Merezhennaya, Mill (zvino vakachengetedzwa), cookbook Navi.

Uyewo, zvinhu yemamongi zvakaoma ndivo zvivako zvakawanda zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Mavakirwo yose St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamongi chinhu chisinganzwisisiki Ensemble rinosanganisa kuti unoshamisa zviri mapurani yekare. Its twi runako noumambo vachiri kuita vanhu vanoziya nomufaro.

Museum of Cyril-Belozersky Monastery

Kubva 1924 kusvika dziti miziyamu mabasa kumonasitiri. Uye nhasi ari St. Cyril-Belozersky Monastery Vologda Tours kugara, kunyanya muzhizha, kana zvisikwa anofanira famba uye kufungisisa. Kuwedzera mapurani zvakaoma, iri museum of Church of Deposition wenguo Borodava mumusha (muenzaniso emapuranga mavakirwo mukupera rechi15). Uyu ndiwo mumwe zvivako ekare mupenyu emapuranga. Izvi zvinosanganisira Museum of Pamifananidzo of Ferapontov wemamonk, emapuranga hwindimiri, akauya kubva musha Gorki, uye chechi kunzwisisa Tsaplin.

Kudzokera ikoko

Mubvunzo mukuru kuti unomuka wose anoda kuona Cyril Belozersky Monastery: "How kuti ikoko?" Kuti tiwane pano nyore nzira Vologda. With yomunharaunda chemabhazi vari kugara mumabhazi kuguta Kirillov. Uyewo Vologda masangano akawanda kupa yakarongwa excursions uye Tours pacho uye miziyamu. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa vazhinji vanoda kuona St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamonk. How kusvika ichi tsvene? Unogona kupa rwendo nemotokari. Vologda Kirillov chinobatanidza pamwe njanji P-5, izvo enda kune wemapoka 130? Km.

Pane outorwa Tours kuna St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamonk, umo iwe kurwira (zvikurukuru kubva Moscow), pekugara inopiwa pamusoro yepaIndaneti, uye vamwe chirongwa mutsigiri.

What kuona

Today Cyril Belozersky yemamongi, mapikicha iyo yakarova shure runako uye simba, kupa kuti aongorore kwete vakawanda zvivako zvetemberi, asiwo mufumi muunganidzwa emifananidzo vemunzvimbo vemifananidzo, dzakaunganidzwa pevairwara Textiles uye ethnographic zvinhu. Nguva dzose inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana dzinonakidza kuratidzira. Asi chinonyanya kukosha twa - ndiyo icon Cyril-Belozersky wemamonk. Pano akaunganidza muunganidzwa mukuru kwemifananidzo weRussia yekare.

apo kugara

Saka unofanira vakasarudza kuenda "St. Cyril-Belozersky wemamonk." Contacts rating: Vologda nharaunda, Kirillov, mundima miziyamu-chengetedza. Phone Ordering excursions: + 7- 81757-3-14-79. zvachose tikiti mutengo kuti mukuru ndiye 500 rubles vana uye vanhu vakaremara anopiwa zvazvakanakira.

Unoda kuona Cyril Belozersky wemamongi? Where kugara, hatina asi yakasarudza? Tinogona kutaura kuti zvose zvakanaka chete placement pamusoro Kirillov. Kune akawanda Hotels uye gastehuise. For Mapilgrim pekugara unopiwa panzvimbo yeImba wemamongi, vanoda chokubatanidza bhizimisi nomufaro inopiwa pekugara pa nzvimbo nzvimbo nomunzvimbo dzakapoteredza ari North yakanaka.