Farm: purazi mifananidzo, description, kupatsanura uye musimboti oparesheni

In pakuvaka purazi chinofukidza munzvimbo dzakasiyana pamusoro chikumbiro, kutaura simba uye zvemaziso zvinhu chitunha chacho. Chaizvoizvo, vari shamhu hurongwa iyo, zvichienderana anodawo mamiriro anogona kupa madhigirii siyana ndichisveerera uye compression. Asi ichi urongwa itsanangudzo pamusoro chinhu nekuti pane kunzwisisa hurongwa, achimiririra purazi yakaoma. Marudzi ichi mhando mapurazi vari inoumbwa yakarurama tsvimbo, izvo zvakabatanidzwa kune nodes. Kuwedzera pakuvaka, zvinokosha kuziva, uye zvipfuwo mapurazi, iro akashandisawo purazi, asi zvakasiyana mhando.

General kupatsanura rokuvaka mapurazi

Zvakagadzirwa yakadaro zvakanaka kumiririrwa mushanduro dzakasiyana. Chimwe chikuru nzira vaparadzane chiratidzo chinangwa. Saka, yoga zambuko, shongwe Crane uye anosimudza gadziriro. Where kunodiwa kuitira truss mamiriro, vari kushandiswa sezvo unhani mamiriro projecting rutsigiro zvinoriumba. A zvakafanana chinhu nokuda kupatsanura ndiyo nzira akatakura, hwaakange hwokugadzira mudziyo chinhu. Zvikurukuru, dzoga nemhosva mbiri, multisupporting, sikuruwa uye yokufeva truss kuvakwa. Mhando mabheyaringi zvabatanidzwa anganzi nokudenga. Kunopiwa akarurama kukarukureta zvinorema nokukiya zvenhengo zvakadai hurongwa vari akakodzera siyana kubereka mugadziriro, kusanganisira hinji mashandiro uye aoma. Kuti tidzivise deformation uye pakakuvara panguva oparesheni, zvakakosha kufungawo mano akagadzira kutsungirira kushushikana. Kutakura pahwaro chiedza yoga uye rinorema purazi. Muchiitiko chokutanga nhoroondo yomunhu hurongwa vanokwanisa withstanding anosvika 300 M kusvika 50 M span, uye yechipiri - M vanopfuura 300.

Structural zviri mapurazi

Muzviitiko zvizhinji simba rubatsiro Nde kushanda chivakwa mapurazi. Base akaitwa sezvo akadaro ane diki kubereka vanokwanisa, saka pfungwa panyaya iyi inobhadharwa kuti muedzo mabhandi, izvo kuona zvinonakisa kunzwisisa hurongwa. Govera maviri-zone uye trehpoyasnye magadzirirwo. Zviri pachena kuti mune mashoko kwokutsungirira vanokwanisa kunobatsira kushandisa anowedzera akavakirirwa purazi. Mhando mapurazi nemabhandi matatu mwero wakakwirira simba, kuramba vachikotama uye torsion. Unhu aya mainjiniya kubvisa chikonzero paumbwe dzimwe nemarunda kubva huru chisimbiso hurongwa kunopa zvakakwana compressed loop nemishonga. Panguva iyoyowo muedzo bhandi vangava zvakasiyana STRUCTURAL design, dzinosiyana kukura uye materu parameters. In nezvivakwa wezvokutengeserana uye voruzhinji Somuenzaniso, zvave uye rybchatye vsparushnye dunhu wemuTesitamende iyo chinozoiswa kwegadziriro inofambirana mabhandi.

Mhando emapuranga trusses

Quite chinokosha ndiko kuparadzana mumapurazi uye mashoko. Pasinei kukura vakawanda polymer uye zvinoumba zvivako, vachiri huru marudzi vari simbi uye emapuranga namano. Wokupedzisira zvinowanzoshandiswa mune Uni achitaura uye bi achitaura padenga. Vari akaumba Via truss hurongwa mushanduro dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, naslonnye hwakawanda tsoka anopa pakagadzwa zvitsigiso pambiru kana pamadziro eimba iri Uni achitaura mazano. Ukuwo, nokuti mukoko hurongwa vanoshandisa rakasiyana-siyana denga trusses, pakati zviri yokufeva uye yakarembera mudziyo. Muchiitiko chokutanga, nemhaka nepuranga Maberere, izvo hunotsigira kuti denga chifukidzo nokuda Zara. Akarembera gumbo panguva gungano yakanamatira zvakasimba, izvo hatibvumiri munhu mutengo okunze uye deform chakafanana imba.

simbi pematanda ehwaro

The chikuru chepfungwa kupatsanura mapurazi akadaro mhando-chikamu vemuchinjikwa nhoroondo yomunhu zvinhu. Kune akapfigwa uye akazaruka nhengo. Closed hurongwa vari vakaumba kushandisa zvinhu rectangular kana tenderera chimiro. Kana akazaruka gadziriro, kushandiswa aiwanzopiwa wokushanda uye kuroorwa pamakona, migero, Tees zvinhu nezvimwe zvibereko simbi muchimiro yakanaka profile. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuziva dzakasiyana-siyana muedzo zvinoriumba izvo kushumira yokutsigira mabhandi. Kunyange mukuru-simba simbi trusses mhando zvichienderana anodawo mamiriro vangada mimwe fastening kumakomo. Common kongiri Slabs Somuenzaniso, zvinoda zvakakodzera simba rutsigiro, izvo chete inogona kubudirira simbi trusses mahwendefa kusvika 14 mm paukobvu. The makuru inongoti danho iri purazi, dzakanga zvinodiwa kuti muedzo Fittings.

Principles kushanda rokuvaka mapurazi

Nokuti kunzwisisa rwekuita kwacho, iyo yakavakirwa truss hurongwa, vanofanira kuitwa kuti chinyakare mudziyo. Structure truss unotora zvokuridza anogona akatasva zvamagonhi. Somuenzaniso, kunzwisisa rutsigiro mhando jib shongwe Crane zvine zvokuridza akasiyana hukuru - zviduku. Sezvo chero tsvimbo kuti zvinobudirira kuratidza mashandiro aro compression-ndichisveerera muitiro, pane vakafugama, chikuru simba rinoshandisirwa munzvimbo mune nodes purazi kubatana. Mhando mapurazi vane swivel dzichiri husiri nyore kuwana - kazhinji, kutara rinoitwa zvakasimba uye netarisiro kuchinja nzvimbo. Nemamwe mashoko, kunyange kana tsvimbo mbiri achera simbi mamiriro, havazoparadzwi zvayaitenderera paguyo.

zvipfuwo mapurazi

Zvipfuwo indasitiri ndiyo nyaya papurazi kuti zvokurima zvinangwa, iyo kunowanzoitwa kukura mombe. zvinhu kwakadaro kupinda agronomic zvivako seboka uye ehurumende mumapurazi uye mamwe mabhizimisi vaiita zvoupfumi basa. Modern mapurazi Munokudzwa achishandisa Mechanisation, izvo zvinoita kuti usanyanya remaoko mubishi kwekuchengeta mhuka. In zvivako akadaro anogona kupa zvidzidzo kuti anopa otomatiki zvokudya inosimbisa, kukama, kuchenesa uye zvichingodaro. D. Kuwana mukurumbira uye kuti purazi hove, izvo kare zvinoda dzimwe nzira kuti hwokugadzira sangano hwenyika mhando. Somuenzaniso, muridzi anofanira kubvumira nguva kurapwa mvura, mhepo, kupa zvakafanana dzichifura hurongwa. By ezvinhu uye dzinoumba yakakwana iine purazi.

Kupatsanura purazi mhuka mu mamiriro

Kana nemakadhibhokisi zveupfumi nezvatinovavarira mashandiro simba kutsigirwa zvivako, muchiitiko ichi zvinofungirwa kuti zvinopiwa pemari. chinhu ichi ane simba pamusoro nzira kune hwokugadzira sangano zvinhu zvakadaro. emakambani Large vari kusarudza kunzwisisa kuvakwa mapurazi kubva muvare. Ipfungwa ichi rinobvumira utariri, rakagadzirirwa mukuru mavhoriyumu kugadzirwa. Asi hwaiitwa madiki kuva mhando anonyanya zvipfuwo mapurazi, chinhu chiine Mini-zvivako Precast. Kazhinji, uchapupu hwokugadzira rutsigiro sezvo chikamu zvizere akagadzirwa anodiwa zvokushandisa, asi chete pamwe tariro vashomanana zvinangwa.

mhedziso

With zvose kusiyana rokuvaka uye zvipfuwo mapurazi, zvinogona kupatsanurwa maererano convergence yavo. Saka, sangano mapurazi nokuda ruminant makwai, nguruve kana mhou kunotozongoita anova zvivako zvakakodzera akadai guru nzvimbo hanga. Just mavari uye zvinogona kushandiswa simbi kana matanda trusses. Types zvipfuwo mapurazi anenge chero waivako zvinoda Nokuraramisa nzvimbo yakakura, zvinokurudzirwa kuronga kuti kuburikidza emadziro uye truss enyika. The yakanakisisa Ipfungwa vaiona furemu mamiriro dzine kuvaka zvinhu uye trusses. Profiles kwakadaro kunogona kushandiswa uye pamwe, uye somunhu chinoumba wakakwana kutsigira chaicho chinhu.