Greek Athena: Goddess temberi uye mifananidzo. History, ngano uye rondedzero. Temberi Pallas Athena

Athena patronizes kuedza zivo, maguta uye rinoti, sayenzi uye rwokugadzira, ungwaru, unyanzvi, achinyengetera zvinobatsira kuvandudza okugadzira zvinhu zvavo neimwe nyaya. Panguva iyoyo, yaiva chimwe chezvinhu airemekedzwa uye vanodiwa vanamwarikadzi kukwikwidzana Zeus, sezvo akanga ake vakaenzana simba uye uchenjeri. Iye unozvikudza kwazvo zvakasara nokusingaperi mhandara.

Kuberekwa Athena

Iye akaberekwa nenzira isingafungidziriki, kufanana zvisikwa naMwari zvikuru. Maererano inonyanya shanduro, iyo Zeus Wemasimbaose akateerera zano inopiwa Uranus uye GAIA, uye ipapo absorbance yakabereka mudzimai wake wokutanga, Metis, Uchenjeri panguva akazvitakura. Mwanakomana aigona kuberekwa, izvo kwaizoguma pakaparadzwa kutinhira. Athena - pashure rokutora mudyi wenhaka yake akazvarwa kubva musoro Zeus.

tsananguro

The murwi mwarikadzi zvakasiyana neboka pantheon kuti aiva kujairika chitarisiko kubva shamwari dzake. Vamwe vanamwari munhukadzi vanyoro uye ichiyevedza, apo Athena haana vasade kushandisa mufambiro zvakanangana nenhongo chizenga. Saka, iye vakarangarira akapfeka nhumbi. Naye aiva pfumo rake.

Chimwe anorichengeta Urban Development wakaitwa parutivi wake dzinovaraidza, uyo akapa basa dzvene. Iye akapfeka ngowani vokuKorinde, pamusoro waiva mukuru muhomba. Zviri kwese pamusoro wake akapfeka aegis, kuti ganda-zvakasimba ganda ane mbudzi. Nhoo Izvi yakashongedzwa musoro, izvo kare chakarasikirwa Medusa (Gorgon). The mapapiro mwarikadzi Nike ari shamwari vomuAtene. Matsvene yomuti vaGiriki vekare vaiona wemuorivi, uye akasungwa nayo zvakananga mwari uyu. Yakanga chiratidzo uchenjeri zizi, zvisina vakaderera ichi rinokosha nenyoka.

Maererano nengano Pallas akanga vhudzi maziso uye mashava bvudzi. meso ake akanga guru. Kunze runako yaingova kurovedza zvakanaka zvechiuto. Akanyatsofungisisa yakabwinyiswa zvombo, akanga agadzirira kundorwa pfumo nezvironda zvetsono uye ngoro nguva dzose - akagadzirira kumhanyira kuhondo kururamisira. Kugadzirira hondo akatsvaka rubatsiro kubva Cyclops-navapfuri.

Dzinoyera yakavakwa wake rukudzo

Akauya kwatiri kubva kare, asi mwarikadzi zvinonamatwa nhasi. Nevakawanda airemekedzwa Athena. Tembere inzvimbo apo vose vanogona kuuya uye kuukumbira. Vanhu vari kuedza kuchengeta nzvimbo idzi dzokunamatira.

Mumwe zvivako inokosha, achikudza mwarikadzi, anogona kunzi temberi, akasikwa Pisistratus. Vanochera matongo vakachera maviri pediments uye mamwe mashoko. Gekatompedon akavaka muzana remakore rechitanhatu BC. Encombrements cella akasvika zana tsoka. Iye akawanikwa ari namapfumbamwe remakore nevanochera German.

On mokupera mifananidzo nemamiriro mungano vaGiriki vekare. Somuenzaniso, pane kuonekwa Hercules kuzorwa kutyisa omugungwa. Zvikuru wakajeka nzvimbo!

Kana wakaitwa Hondo Marathon, takatanga kuvaka Opitodoma, uyewo kuna murwi. Construction aisagona kupera nokukurumidza akaita kurwisa navaPersia sacked guta. Pakave kuwanikwa mbiru drums kubva kuchamhembe parusvingo the erechtheum.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha Monuments of mavakirwo yekare Greece runoonekwa kuti achiri uye Parthenon. Ichi chivako yakasiyana, yakavakwa kuremekedza Athena Musikana. The kuvakwa yakatanga kuti remakore rechishanu BC. Mapurani vaiona Kallikart.

Old Parthenon akasiya mashoko mashoma kuti zvinoshandiswa kuvaka Acropolis. Izvi zvaitwa Phidias, apo paiva nenguva Pericles. Nokuda kwakapararira kunamata Athena temberi yake nokukudzwa vaiva vazhinji uye vachivhaira. Ungangove, vazhinji vavo havasati akawanikwa uye muchafadza nesu ramangwana. Kunyange zvino kune vakawanda nezvivakwa kuti vanomiririra akapfuma munhoroondo nhaka.

Temple Erechtheion muAtene anogona kunzi chinoshamisa Monument. Rakavakwa ezvivako Greek. Itembere Pallas Athena kuchamhembe - pedyo Parthenon pamusoro Acropolis. It rakavakwa pakati 421 ST uye 406 makore BC, maererano vematongo.

Kusika chivako chakaisvonaka akafuridzira vanhu veAteni. Temberi muenzaniso ari Ionic kurongeka. Kuwedzera mwarikadzi hondo uye ruzivo mukati mamasvingo izvi unogona kuverenga ishe mumakungwa Poseidon, uye kunyange vaAtene mambo Erechtheus, uyo Tingadzidzei kubva ngano.

nhoroondo mashoko

Apo Pericles akafa, akatanga kuvaka temberi Athena Greece, vane kuvakwa akanga asiri nyore basa uye rakapedzwa panguva apo guta akatambura kuputsika.

Maererano nengano, panguva apo Vakavaka chivako kuti kamwe nharo Murwi mwarikadzi uye Poseidon. Munhu wose aida kuva mutongi Attica. Information pamusoro Athens Temple inosanganisira anotaura inokosha zvisaririra mutemo akachengetwa pano. Kare yakanga yakagoverwa pasi zvekare Gekatompedon, iyo yakavakwa paitonga Pisistratus.

Temberi rakaparadzwa munguva kurwisana yeGirisi Persian. Nokuti nzvimbo iyi, zvakare, iye wakaita basa rinokosha mwarikadzi Athena. Temple zvinosanganisira chifananidzo chavo emapuranga, izvo Yaifanira wakabva kudenga. Ndaiverenga pano uye Hermes.

Mutemberi, akaisa zvikuru nomurazvo yendarama mwenje hauzombosvavi. Dururai mafuta zvakakwana yave mariri kamwe chete pagore. Temple ainzi pachinhu mapfupa kuti maimbova uchanja pamusoro Erechtheus. Kuwedzera ose pamusoro, kwaiva nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda, izvo, zvisinei, akanga asina kukosha kudaro.

Kushumira mwarikadzi-murwi

Temberi uye mifananidzo Athena somumwe anokosha vanamwari vechiGiriki akawanda uye anoyevedza. With mwarikadzi akabatanidza wemuorivi, icho akapisa muna 480, asi akasimuka kubva madota uye akaramba hwake.

Tree achikura pedyo tsvene, temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna nymph pandrosus. Kupinda panzvimbo tsvene, aigona tarisa patsime remvura, mvura munyu kukasawedzerwa kubva kiyi. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti Poseidon akagogodza iye Mwari pachake.

Kuchinja varidzi kwetemberi

Kwete nguva dzose muna masvingo izvi akatonga mwarikadzi Athena. Temple kwenguva yakati vaiva vaKristu, uyo akapedza pano kunamata kwavo panguva kuvapo Byzantine Empire.

Kusvikira muzana remakore rechi17 sechivako kuongororwa, akaramba uye akavachengeta. Kwaitwa apo 1687 vakauya kuAtene varwi Venice. Munguva yokukombwa temberi zvaparadzwa. Apo Greece kuti rusununguko rukaporeswa, zvimedu yakawira, akaisa kurudyi akakwirira. Panguva iyoyo, hapana asi matongo, zvinosuwisa, aenda. Nanhasi unogona kuona zvekare zviri pabiravira pandrosus, riri kurutivi rwokumusoro.

Ishe Elgin, uyo akatumwa yeBritain iri Constantinople muna 1802, vakagamuchira mvumo inopiwa Sultan Selim III kuti aina kubva kunyika dzose akawana zvikamu yomukatikati, iyo inogona kuwanikwa kunyora kana mufananidzo. Mumwe Caryatids chetemberi vakatamira munharaunda Britain. Zvino kakasaririra ichi, kufanana frieze of Parthenon, ndiye dzezvifananidzo of British Museum.

Architectural patani

tsvene iyi ine kujairika asymmetric marongerwo. Izvi imhaka yokuti pakava musiyano pakati dzakakwirira ivhu iro chivako kwakaitika. Kubva kurutivi rwezasi kusvikira kurutivi rwokumusoro nyika mumatunhu ipfupi. Pane vaviri Zell. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aifanira kuvakwa pasuo. Zvikuru akazara yekare ipfungwa chivako. Vomuchechi vakanga napo maviri: kuchamhembe uye kumabvazuva. Ionic porticoes dzaiva kugadzirwa yavo.

Vari kumabvazuva chikamu Erechtheion, yaiva yakakwirira, waiva nzvimbo hwakatsaurirwa muchengeti guta, rakanga Athena Polias. Mufananidzo mwarikadzi huni yaichengetwa pano. Pakafa Panathenaea, zvinopiwa pairi munhu peplos itsva. Pabiravira iri cella ndivo mbiru vane nhamba iri matanhatu.

Interior maonero kwetemberi

Kumadokero chikamu chechi aigona kuona zvinhu uye zvinhu anorumbidza uye Poseidon Erechtheus. Nechemberi kurutivi pane muganhu, icho akasikwa Antes maviri. Pakati pavo - mana hafu-pembiru.

It akasimbisa kuvapo porticoes vaviri nezasi. Kugadzira mapango okuvaka Inzwa Zvinotaurwa mukova kuvhura rwokumusoro shinda zvaisanganisira, yaisanganisira panosangana. Kurutivi rwezasi zvinoshamisa vakakurumbira pabiravira caryatids.

Akanzi ari kukudzwa matanhatu mifananidzo kureba mamita pfuurei maviri. Ivo vanotsigira architrave. Sechivako Pentelic machena zvivezwa zvaisanganisira. Nhasi, pane vavo kusimuka. Kana epakutanga, okuchengetera yavo rava British Museum. Ishe Elgin kupinza mumwe Caryatids.

Uyewo, Acropolis miziyamu rine zororo. Pandrozeyon - ndiro zita pabiravira caryatids. Pandroza aiva mwanasikana Cecrops. In rukudzo kwake uye akashevedza chivako. Sezvo nyaya, inovakwa pachishandiswa ari frieze, tine ngano ndichizivisa kekropidah uye Erechtheus. Kuti dzakararama vamwe zvakasara shongwe. Zvivezwa, mifananidzo yaiva Parian machena, yakasimbiswa kuti rima nechekumashure, iyo yakaumbwa Eleusinian zvinhu.