Kushambira ari mutambo. Nhoroondo uye kukura swimming sezvo mutambo

Nhasi, kana siyana ruzivo hunovapo dzinozviitikira akurumidze, kuona swimming makwikwi dzimwe nyika - ichi haisi itsva. Zviuru kana kunyange mamiriyoni vanoiona kuona kuti vatambi. Kunenge kuti kushambira sezvo mutambo akaberekwa ichangopfuura. Pfungwa, ndizvo. Ichokwadi, vanhu vakadzidza kuyangarara uye kunyange kufamba pairi kwenguva refu nguva kare, asi mutambo wakanga kushambira gare gare. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvinokosha kuziva kuti zvinobatsira kuti muviri. Rakanakisisa nzira uremu rinoshandiswa vakawanda kupfuura nyore. Zvino mutambo iri kuwedzera kukurumbira. Beautiful uri kushambira, zvinoshamisa freestyle makwikwi hazvigoni kungotariswa. Kana uye apo swimming sezvo mutambo akaberekwa uye akava akakurumbira zvakadaro? Ndezvipi marudzi akasiyana uye zvitaera? Chii hunhu kushambira ari mutambo? izvi zvose uchadzidza kubva ino.

chizvarwa

Masayendisiti akawana kuti munguva dzekare akaberekwa kushambira. Somunhu mutambo kana somusengwa - harizivikanwi. vanodhirowa pamasvingo mumapako dzawanikwa, izvo anofungidzirwa makore 5000 BC. e. vanhu vekare vakaona kuti vakawanda mhuka vanokwanisa kufamba nomumvura, uye akatora pamusoro kugona ichi. Sezvo imi kuti fembera, wokutanga manyorerwo yaiva nzira kushambira "sembwa". It chakavapo kwenguva refu, kusvikira kwaidarika breaststroke. Uye kuti akava hwaro nekutambira zvakagadzirwa zvose. In mararamiro ekare akatanga kutora kushambira dzakakurumbira chaizvo. Vhesi yokutanga rakanyorwa yakatanga kusvika 2000 BC. e. Zvinonzi aizivikanwawo kuti muRoma yekare, swimming aiva hwaro hwokudzidzisa vatambi, kusanganisira vaya muchirongwa Olympic Games. Asi nhoroondo chaienda sezvo mutambo Mikoko shure kwezana XV-XVI emakore. Panguva kuti makwikwi okutanga yaiitwa.

Saka, pakanga kushambira kwenguva refu. Kunyange vanhu vekare akahushandisa kufamba nomumvura. Kushambira Evolving, zvitaera itsva, uye zvishoma nezvishoma akava mutambo. Hazvina kufanira, nhoroondo dzengarava sezvo mutambo wakafanana kumhanya. It rinoshandiswawo sezvo wokutanga nekurovererwa, uye chete pashure yakawanda nguva kumhanya waiva mutambo. Swimming ndiyo nhasi chimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira uye dzakakurumbira makirasi. Vakawanda vanoshandisa sechiratidzo muviri uremu uye utano kuvandudzika.

History siyana

Sezvambotaurwa pakutanga, kana kuberekwa kwakaitika kushambira, chakanga manyorerwo mumwe chete - "imbwa." Asi ipapo kwakauya breaststroke pairi kugadzira zvitsva siyana. Akatevera Style simbi divi. Makumbo apo zvokushambira akafanana chigero. Ipapo vanhu vakatanga kushambira overarm, izvo akabvumira kuva guru, zvichienzaniswa nemamwe akurumidze. Next John Trejo muna 1783 tega imwe manyorero kuti unobereka zita rake. Zvadaro pane makwikwi vakanga nevakawanda zvikuru, uye nzira itsva kubvumirwa kumisa zvinyorwa zvizhinji munyika, kusanganisira musiki kwayo. Zvadaro, pakupedzisira, paiva zvinokambaira. Naye England "akaunza" Richard Cavill kubva Australia. Nokukurumidza, wokugadzira zvakazivikanwa sezvo uchitsanya, chii nhasi. Nhasi yakawanda kukurumbira chaizvo izvozvo.

kambaira

Kroll - a manyorero kushambira ari mudumbu rake. Kana kushandisa kuruboshwe nezvakarurama nhengo dzomuviri vanokurudzirwa rave. Maoko kuti chovha achitevedza akabatana panguva, apo makumbo vanomutswa uye ashaye. Kuoma zvichienzaniswa nemamwe maitiro michina. Chiso kushambira kunofanira mumvura uye agomuka mberi chete kuita mweya. Kroll anonzi kuva uchitsanya kushambira marudzi. Panguva makwikwi pane pfungwa "freestyle" umo vatambi vane kodzero kuenda nenzira wavanoda, asi sarudza izvozvo kukambaira.

Nokuti musoro iri akatura mumvura, maoko ake anogona kuita Kurohwa zvikuru, uye chokwadi akaratidza pamusoro nokukurumidza. Kana tikaenzanisa pamwe pamberi kambaira kushambira kumusana kwake, wokutanga chete nokukurumidza zvakadaro. Kana naivo shavishavi yokupedzisira vanorasikirwawo nokuti kuti basa iri kunyanya maoko uye muviri asingadi kubatsira. Dzakafanana kumhanyisa zvinogoneka chete muna Crawley, kunobatsira vatambi kuti madaro marefu ichimhanya pasina kuneta panguva imwe chete.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Zvakaratidza kuti zvinokambaira wamuka kwenguva refu. Pakutanga, zvakanga yaishandiswa maIndia. Uye Europe akanomuchingura 1844, apo vokuAmerica vakakunda British vanoshambira. Akakundwa asi vanozvikudza Vamhanyi ndisingadi kushandisa manyorero itsva, nokuti vaiona kuti "ufuza" nokuda yakawanda pfapfaidzo. Nhoroondo panowanikwa swimming sezvo mutambo, zvikurukuru, zvitaera, uye akanga akadaro nguva vatorwa.

Mushure Australian tsuro akazviratidza American, nemhaka kugadziridzwa. Ndicho ichangobva nhasi ndiye "freestyle". The kutanga nezvenzvimbo Crawley - "pa nzeve", vanoshambira anoposhwa chiso pasi, makumbo anombotwasanudza, maoko zvakaparadzana kumusoro.

breaststroke

Sezvambotaurwa, zvakanga Brass vakatanga kuchinja kubva "imbwa-se" manyorerwo uye rinoshanda hwaro vamwe vose. Kushambira sezvo mutambo kugona kurarama ndisina. It yakatanga chimiro kwenguva refu: wokutanga mufananidzo vanhu kushandisa manyorero akafanana nendarira, akanga yakawanikwa muEgipita "mubako vanoshambira". Painting chokuita anenge 9000 BC. e. Aizivikanwawo nhamba chinoratidza mauto muAsiria, vachishandisa nzira iyi, asi mufananidzo akasikwa mukati mumakore 1292-1225. BC. e. Dane Nicolas Vinman muna 1538 mumwe wokutanga breaststroke anorondedzerwa mubhuku. "Datya kava" makumbo Famous akatanga kushandiswa chete XIX remakore.

In makwikwi siyana sezvinoita breaststroke kazhinji nesimba yakanga Russian uye Soviet vatambi. The Olympic mitambo manyorerwo dzakaisirwa chete muna 1904, akatora dzinoshambira iri mamita 402., Varume chete muchirongwa. Zvadaro kushambira sezvinoita munhu Olympic mutambo mavambo ayo kukura. Nechekare zvinotevera mitambo daro wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika 200 m. Nokuti makwikwi vakadzi yakaitwa kubva 1924 nenguva kure. Uye muna 1968, vatambi kukwikwidzana mune 100 mamita.

shavishavi

Butterfly - ari kushambira ari mudumbu rake, chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma zvekunyanyisa. Richikunetesa uye kuoma. The zita rinobva pashoko "shavishavi". Zvechokwadi, zvimwe zvakafanana zvinogona kuwanikwa, kunyanya nokuda maitiro ruoko nevanga. Kusiyana tsuro, ruoko kuti nokurova panguva imwecheteyo, kukwidza muviri pamusoro mvura. Panguva iyoyo zvinotora nenzvimbo befu. Makumbo pamwe chiuno kuenda mafungu, achipa kumhanyisa. Kunyange zvazvo mabasa - chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma, asi Butterfly ndiyo yechipiri Dombo rekare rakanyorwa nezvokukunda nokukurumidza. Its musiyano mukuru kubva Tsuro - ndiko kuti kumhanyisa mairi gogonera pamusana ruoko sitiroko unopinza.

Sezvineiwo, shavishavi - breaststroke kunatsiridzwa. Pakutanga, vanoshambira vakaziva kuti ari mukuru nokukurumidza zvine musoro kuti vasimudze maoko avo pamusoro mvura. muviri uye tsoka sangano zvadaro chikatsiviwa vasununguka uye zvakasikwa.

Sezvambotaurwa, magadzirirwo ari shavishavi zvikuru kunzwisisa uye rinoda unongotaura akanaka. Izvi uye Anotyisa vatsva vakawanda. Dzidza sangana kufamba nemaoko ake uye makumbo, uyewo mamwe kundosvikira uye sezvo imi exhale - iri zvakaoma, saka vazhinji vanoenda kuna zvinokambaira. Nepo dzimwe zvitaera dzakawanda inokosha zvazviri yakarurama kuurayiwa, bhatafurayi, mukuwedzera, zvinokosha simba mumuviri.

Kwakaoma undulation muviri aripo (kana chete kuti kufungawo anozivikanwa zvitaera) chete shavishavi. Nekuti swimming ndiyo mutambo vana - kwete yakanakisisa kuzvipedza.

Equipment nemitemo

Kushambira chero manyorerwe hembe ndiyo chete: ngowani, Sunglasses, kushambira hunde dzacho kana fused swimsuit (varume kana vakadzi, ukuwo), vari aiwanzoshandisa wetsuits. Vakatanga kuonekwa ari 2000s. uye rakakamurwa mifananidzo: kubva pamutsipa muzvitsitsinho, kubva pamutsipa kumabvi, gidroshtany, zvikabudura kuti nokushambira. Muna 2010 FINA (FINA) vakarambidza muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari. Saka ikozvino chete kushandiswa Textiles.

Kushambira sezvo mutambo nhasi rinoitwa muna 50- kana 25-mita madziva. makwikwi akawanda inoitwa swims breaststroke uye kambaira. Somuenzaniso, servicesactiopurge yokupisa, World Championships, Universiade, World Cup. Last inoitwa gore negore.

mirayiro:

• kambaira (aka Freestyle): 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, 1500 M;
• Butterfly: 50 m, 100 m, 200 M;
• Brass: 50 m, 100 m, 200 M;
• seri: 50 m, 100 m, 200 m.

What kusarudza

Vaya vari kutanga kushambira, kwete hazvo nenyanzvi, inokosha wekuedza kambaira. Asi vanhu vasingagoni kunyange kugara pasi mvura, unofanira kutanga manyorero "imbwa." Ndiye, kana iwe tarisa, uye irimo vamwe vose. Zvadaro, maererano, vanofanira kuenda pamberi kambaira kana breaststroke, apo iwe unogona uye kumisa.

Pool kana gungwa maonero

Kana kusarudza pakati pegungwa, uye dziva, mhinduro unequivocal havagoni kuva. Asi chokutanga nzira haisi kuwanikwa vakawanda vokuRussia, kana zvichibvira chete muzhizha.

Kana uchida kushambira nenyanzvi zviripo kuenda murairidzi ari pool. Ikoko unogona kudzidzisa yegore uye nyore kudzidza kubata uye famba mumvura kubva muvhu. Zvisinei, makirasi mudzidzi, unogona kusarudza uye akazaruka zvitunha mvura. Saka, muna gungwa nemafungu uye mhepo kusika dzinongoitika Miganhu, uye mvura inouyisa pautano. Kana dziva une kubhadhara tikiti, hayo reservoirs vari Bhaibheri. Munhu wose anosarudza nepose uye zvavanosarudza. Zvisinei, imwe artificially akasika dziva yakachengeteka, kazhinji, varipo akapa vanunuri. Zvino mvura yakazaruka chinowanzoitika kukurira kuitika uye rikanyuramo. An yakanaka musiyano wezvinyorwa ndiko chokubatanidza.

Ndicho chinhu chinofadza nhoroondo mitambo yakadaro. Swimming kwakakurumbira chaizvo, asi pane dzimwe anoranga, uko rinoshanda. Next ichakurukurwa zviviri zvikuru nevanhu.

Triathlon

Kushambira, kuchovha, kumhanya sezvo mutambo unonzi Triathlon. Zita anotaura woga. Sport akazviratidza haana kudaro kare, akatanga kuenda nemakore 1920-1930., Kana France wakaitwa ane analogue nhasi Triathlon La Course of Debrouillards. Achimhanya ari 3-? Km bhasikoro - 12, uye mitambo yomumvura akanga akatakurwa kuyambuka mugero Marne. Zvinosuruvarisa kwe Triathlon haana kubva pakutanga muna 1930 kusvikira 1974, apo United States boka shamwari-vatambi kana akabatanidza uye chero tsvimbo chakarongwa apo zvose vakadzidziswa pamwe chete. Zvaimirira mitambo akawanda, zvinoti kumhanya, cu uye kushambira. Friends akatanga kuronga makwikwi. Saka, kutanga makwikwi yakaitwa September 25, 1974, umo vaiitawo 46 vatambi. Pakutanga bhasikoro rudzi wakaitwa 180,2? Km run - 42,2? Km; swimming - 3,86? km.

Vatori vechikamu kare nharo pamusoro chii mutambo zvinoda kunonyanyisa kutsungirira. Somugumisiro, nyaya kwakawanikwa pakange vakati nyanzvi yokuchovha bhasikoro Eddi Merks aiva soro mwero okisijeni rinodyiwa. Zvino mutambo chaizivikanwa kunoda kunonyanyisa kutsungirira. Triathlon akawana mukurumbira zvikuru zvokuti vakawanda zvakakomba kufunga usanganidzo yaro muna Olympic purogiramu. Match kazhinji akaedzwa pasi mureza: 1.5 km / 40 km / 10 km. Standard yakataurwa Kumutungamiriri Mujaho Triathlon Jim Curl pakati pezana 80s.

nemasiraidhi akapendwa kushambira

Zvichida, nemasiraidhi akapendwa swimming sezvo mutambo mumwe mapoka akanaka kwazvo. Vakadzi chete Zvinowanzosanganisirawo, asi munguva ichangopfuura akabatana varume. Kukosha nemasiraidhi akapendwa swimming - munhu coherent chikwata waivako, tichibatanidza Diving nekuchirika. Kwomuviri mutoro zvikuru. Zvakakodzera abate yakawanda nguva pakurovedza kuti vaite basa rakanaka. vakwikwidzi Russian vatungamiriri mumutambo uyu, kuvagadzirira akaenzana ose vorongerwa.

Zvisinei, kuwedzera mureza hwokugadzira uye mumuviri zvinetso, pane chinokosha: zvakaoma kufema panguva unongotaura. Constants, uye kazhinji, uye vazhinji zvinoda submersion mweya abate yakawanda nguva. Kuti adzivirire mumapapu, vatambi kupfeka rinokosha mhino okusungisa.

Asi ndanzwirwawo anobva nemasiraidhi akapendwa swimming sezvo mutambo?

nyaya

Sezvaunoziva, zvakawanda chirango akasikwa Greece. Uye nemasiraidhi akapendwa swimming zvinobva imomo, apo boka yevakomana nevasikana mitambo inotambwa vachitenderera pamusoro mvura. Chete panguva pakuguma XIX remakore. kwaiva kutanga nemasiraidhi akapendwa kushambira. Zvadaro muna England vakanga akaisa boka vanoshambira, varume akaita siyana maumbirwo mumvura. A makwikwi yokutanga yakarongwa 1891 muBerlin. Ipapo unyanzvi kushambira, sezvo zvakanga iyoyo, akatanga kukura kwayo. Uye muna 1952, vakaita kuratidzira panguva Olympic Games, pashure iyo mutambo ainzi Zvaenderaniswa kushambira. Gore iroro, kuMudzidzisi dare hwakasimbiswa rokupedzisira. A makwikwi dzakawanda rokutanga kwakaitika muna 1958. In kwehurongwa yeOlympic nemasiraidhi akapendwa swimming zvaisanganisira chete muna 1984.

A akapfuma uye zvakasiyana-siyana chaienda sezvo mutambo. Nhoroondo uye kukura kudzokera vekare. Nhasi, Diving ari kuwedzera kukurumbira pakati vagere munyika. Munhu wose anogona kuwana chinhu chaunoda zvikuru, sezvo mukuru mhando dzakawanda. Zvaenderaniswa swimming ndiyo yakanaka kwazvo Triathlon akapfuma siyana anoranga, uye zvatinosiita makwikwi anoramba ari chaiwo. Vakawanda vari kuita kushambira mudzidzi, vabereki kutumira vana vavo makirabhu. History of swimming sezvo mutambo mberi kwayo kushingaira kukura nhasi.