Local uye pose kombiyuta network

Kamwe vanhu zvakasikwa kombiyuta, nokukurumidza pakunzwisisa kuti dzakazvimirira mano hadzikwanisi kuziva zvavanokwanisa. Uyezve, vanhu vakaziva kuti vaifanira kuumba nzira itsva kuti kurapwa kwacho, fambisa uye kuchengeta mashoko, uyewo zvakatipoteredza, vaikwanisa kuunganidzwa zvose mashoko zvinhu dzaidzidziswa vanhu. kunzwisisa Iri ndiro danho rokutanga asika hurongwa kuti akanga ava anenge munhu wose pasi pano. Tiri kutaura mashoko enyika, kubatanidza mamiriyoni makombiyuta iri munyika - omunharaunda uye pasi rose network kombiyuta.

Panguva iyoyo, omunharaunda uye pasi pose network kombiyuta kuita zvakasiyana-siyana mashandiro, asi chikuru chimwe - pamwe ose mashoko vaunganidza nevanhu, uye kuwana nayo chero nguva uye kubva pasi pose. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mubatanidzwa, dzakanga uye zvichiri pasi omunharaunda uye pasi pose network kombiyuta, zvichiita kuti pave nehurongwa kuti anobvumira kuti ribude huru mashoko mafaira vane rinoshamisa nokukurumidza, uye kupa mukana kune chero mashoko mavhoriyamu.

Computer network misimboti dzakati michina iri izvo zvavari kushanda akaramba kuvandudza uye kuramba kutanga. Local uye pose kombiyuta network kare ikava sainzi, kutsvakurudza uye kukura raisanganisira dzakanakisisa pfungwa kubva pasi pose.

All omunharaunda uye pasi pose network kombiyuta kushanda mureza rikamuka zvakananga kuti kombiyuta network - OSI (Open Systems Interconnection)

Sechivako nemambure yokuti vakadaro zvinhu zvinoriumba zvinoshandiswa pakuvaka uye kushandiswa rwomumbure wakarukwa;

1. Hutachiwana svikiro. Inogona hunomiririrwa coaxial waya, runhare wire, hangaiwa wakarukwa, internet optic wire, redhiyo mhepo uye zvimwe zvakawanda.
2. Workstations. Vangave hunomiririrwa PC, workstation kana zvakarukwa chiteshi pacharo. In Kana kana workstation zvakabatana nemambure havagoni zvinoda chero Zvifambiso zvakaoma, kana chimwe okuchengetera mano. Mumwe havafaniri kukanganwa kudikanwa nomumbure adapteri - zano rinokosha kuti unobvumira kuti vene yacho uchishandisa hurongwa kubva zvakarukwa ari kure.
3. Inowanikwa Card. Chinonzi samambure kuti anobvumira dzinotsanagura nekuita network uye workstations.
4. Servers. The Server ndiyo imwe kombiyuta vakapakata-software unokubvumira kuita pamusoro pomumbure utariri basa, rinowanikwa kugoverana.
5. Network software.

Zvakakosha chaizvo pomumbure protocols, pahwaro izvo kushanda omunharaunda uye pose network kombiyuta. Protocol anopa zvinotevera mabasa: kugadzirisa uye hwokutiparadza ruzivo, kukanganisa vachiongorora, kuronga retransmission chikumbiro. Anopiwawo kuti dzakati hwagadzwa basa maererano mitemo inodzora kubata rimwe nerimwe samambure ezvinhu.

Yainyanya kushandiswa zvinotevera pomumbure protocols:

IP, chinomirira Internet Protocol. Izvi TCP / IP dzakati wemagazini kunopa kero ruzivo, uye hwokutiparadza ruzivo. Pahwaro dzakati iyi akavaka kupfuura yose rezvebonde munyika - Indaneti.

IPX-NWLink. dzakati iri rakagadzirirwa itsva NetWare, uye rinoshandiswa kuti hwokutiparadza uye aparadzirwe mitsetse, izvo kufamba package.

NetBEUI. dzakati ichi yakazokudziridzwa anorenda kubudikidza IBM uye Microsoft uye chakagadzirirwa yokufambisa basa NetBIOS.

DDP. Uyu date kuchinjirwa dzakati, wakasikwa Apple uye akawana chikumbiro muna Apple Talk.