Lydia Ginzburg: pfupi Biography uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Ginzburg Lidiya Yakovlevna - zvakakomba uye yakadzama mabhuku mutsoropodzi uye memoirist. ndangariro yake vaiva hwaro akawanda oupenyu nyaya nezvevanyori uye vadetembi of XX remakore. mabhuku ake kuti tifunge uye vanoratidza, uye yavo youzivi uye mupfungwa kurira sei mwoyo uye nepfungwa.

udiki

Kare muna 1902 mumhuri yakakurumbira youtachiona akaberekwa Lidiya Yakovlevna Ginzburg, pfupi Biography chine yakatangira iri rine bishi pagungwa muguta.

Odessa, wayo guru zvomumvura dalyu uye muted kumhanya-mhanya waiva musha yemberi memoirist. Pano akararama vabereki vake, hanzvadzi, sekuru, uyo mhuri iye akamutswa kuti makore masere pashure pokufa kwababa vake.

youth

Pana namasere, iye sekondari uye akanga kusarudza pamberi kwaari: vamwe nzira inokosha kusarudza? Chii vanozvipira vechidiki uye upenyu ramangwana?

Hama, vanonyengedzwa chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo unyanzvi uye akasika rake yemitambo miniatures, akakoka naye kutamba pachikuva wayo. Kupfuura gore Lydia Ginzburg akaedza pachake ari basa ane mutambi, nekuratidzwa pamwe Arkadiem Pogodinym uye Rina Green.

Asi kutamba-kuita unyanzvi akanga mavhundukiro ayo akanaka uye phlegmatic hunhu muduku Lydia, kunyange zvazvo aiva zvakafanira makings kuva rakakurumbira mutambi.

Kutanga basa nesayenzi

Muna 1922, pashure zvikuru mubvunzo uye kuzengurira muna Petrograd akatamira Lydia Ginzburg, Biography uye mabasa ikozvino kupfeka mirayiridzo itsva.

Mumwe musikana anoenda Institute of History of Art panguva kutaura fakaroti. Makore mana gare gare, pashure kupedza zvidzidzo zvake, basa anosiya kuchikoro ichi uye anoisa pakutsvakurudza mudonzvo.

Kubvira muna 1926, wechiduku akapedza zvidzidzo mudzidzi vakatanga kushanda basa rake dzesayenzi rokutanga mumunda mabhuku uye mutauro Arts. mabasa ake mangwanani vari "Russian zvetsika" - Society nokuda Study of mutauro wokufananidzira pamusoro dzidziso, uyewo pedyo chaiko uye unyanzvi chains-garde - kwacho nounhu hutsva, kufadza anoitwa ari kuratidzwa chinhu. Kunyange aronga kubudisa basa Lidii Ginzburg ari muunganidzwa "Radix" uye "Bath Archimedes".

An vanoda musayendisiti kwave kudzidza akasiyana-siyana essays, netsamba, diaries, autobiographies, nokudaro kusika kwake dzidziso "mabhuku zvenguva", ayo kukosha nezvainoita dzakakurumbira tsika.

kuti udzvanyiriri

Nguva ma1920 - mangwanani 1930s kunoratidzwa kwazvo kurwisa pazuva dzidziso "kuchikoro" nezviremera, uye gare gare noutsinye kushungurudzwa vanotsigira dzidziso iyi.

Naizvozvo, kubudikidza chirevo kumusoro Institute, apo aishanda Lydia Ginzburg, yakavharwa, uye iye waiva mukadzi wechidiki kumanikidzwa kuva dzose mudzidzisi panguva rorusununguko basa. Muna 1933, Lydia Yakovlevna kunyange vakapona rwemavhiki maviri yevasungwa, izvo, zvisinei, haana zvakakomba.

Nezvekugadzirwa okugadzira zvinhu

Muna 1935, Ginzburg Lidiya Yakovlevna akanga vakabvuma kuti Writers 'Union, uye makore mashanu gare gare akadzivirira ake doctorate chinyorwa paUniversity Leningrad pamwe yayo tsvakurudzo basa "Creative nzira Lermontov".

Great Patriotic War, mukadzi akasangana muna Leningrad, vakatambudzika zvikuru rwokukomba munhau, akavigwa mai vake, avo vakafa nokuziya nenzara.

All zvinotyisa uye kurota zvinotyisa blockade Lydia Ginzburg hunoratidzwa nekutambira netsamba dzake, uyewo mumabhuku, zvichibva netsamba vaiona.

Pasinei zvichibvira pachake kutya uye zvakaitika panguva payakatora Lydia Yakovlevna akaedza kubatsira nyika, aishanda sezvo mupepeti of Radio Committee. Zvirongwa Her unokurudzira uye kuchinjwa vakaroverera ushingi uye chivimbo nzara, kutambura vanhu vakanga zvakazadza nomweya uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika kwechokwadi uye rudo rwake yechizvarigo. Kwemakore asingaverengeki ushingi uye ushingi Ginzburg Lidiya Yakovlevna akanga paakavapa ari menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Leningrad". Izvi zvakaitika muzhizha 1943.

Okugadzira zvinhu zviri yepashure pehondo

Asi gore pashure kuguma reropa hondo, mukadzi akashinga akauya pasi pfungwa Kuchenesa se "kuvimbika". Nokuda kwaizvozvi, kugona kuwana basa paYunivhesiti Leningrad, akamanikidzwa atore pambiru nevanotonga purofesa mabhuku panguva Petrozavodsk. Kana kwete Stalin afa, Lydia Ginsburg angawira pasi inotyisa nyaya "muvengi wavanhu" uye kwete chete kurasikirwa mabasa kana rusununguko, asi upenyu.

Muna 1957, Lydia Y. yakabudisa monograph musi sydäntä. Kubvira ipapo, iye akazivisa pacharo kwete chete somunhu mberi masayendisiti, asi uyewo philologist zvikuru nemafungiro Soviet Union, iyo anotakura uremu chaiko uye kwomudzimu kunofambira.

Gare gare Ginsburg nyaya zvinokosha mabhuku mabasa se "The mupfungwa prose", "About mashoko acho," "Mabhuku ari kutsvaka chokwadi," "On vakwegura uye zvitsva."

"Anocherechedza chomunhu rakakombwa"

Kuti nguva yaityisa kuti chinongoitwa nevanhu vakawanda vakatora guta, akaratidza pabasa rake, Lydia Ginzburg - "Notes murume rakakombwa." Pfungwa kunyora bhuku vakauya kwaari kwete kamwe, asi chete gare gare, apo akatanga kufunga zvazvinoreva zvevanhu ndangariro mazuva iwayo refu kukombwa Leningrad.

The chigadzirwa haibvi pane dzimwe ndangariro munyori. Usati kupa bhuku vaparidzi, Lydia Ginsburg aipedza nguva yakawanda achitaura vanhu vakapona blockade, zviri zvikuru vakafungisisa mapiro zvakafanira kutaura ichi kana kuti chokwadi kuti zvakakosha kutsanangura kana akatsanangurei uninitiated kumuverengi.

Kunyange zvazvo nyaya iri pamunhu wacho chiso ane zita kweAini yepakutanga, kamwe zvinova pachena kuti iye - vakaumbwa seboka mufananidzo, uye kuti huru hunhu bhuku rino iri mukadzi ane tsamba guru.

Mukadzi uyo aigona kutakura nzara uye kuchitonhora, iyo achimuona kufa vadiwa, uye vakaedza kuvabatsira, imire refu pamwe nekurutsa chingwa, uye umo upenyu hwemhuri yose kwaienderana.

Kunyange zvazvo mukadzi uyu anorwara uye nzara, kunyange zviri anenge chavanoziva trudges kumba, iye - mumwe mukundi chaiyo mukurwa upenyu hama dzose uye yose yokumusha.

Uye vaya vasingagoni kutakura matambudziko uye kutambura uye anourayirwa kutenda - naivowo vakundi, sezvo zvizvarwa zvavo akasiya muenzaniso sei zvinokosha kurwisa uye vasaora.

About nguva blockade zvakawanda siyana mabhuku uye nemabasa rakanyorwa zvose vakaona uye kare, uye masayendisiti enyika. Zvinoshamisa, vose anoratidzwa mune basa rake nezvekufadza uye kunzwa vanhu yezvinongoerekana Lydia Ginzburg. "Notes chomunhu rakakombwa" azere inovava uye kutambura, nenzara uye chando, asi kwete kutya. Izvi imhaka yokuti mukadzi akashinga kwazvo vakapona zvose pamusoro pane zvakaitika, handina kumbonzwa kutya. Anogara aiziva kuti unofanira kuchengeta uye tofambira mberi, pasinei nokuti zvinotora.

Unyanzvi, yakajeka uye yechokwadi "Notes murume rakakombwa" kunge rakashandurwa uye rakabudiswa mumitauro yakawanda.

"Notebooks"

Chimwe chinokosha basa rakanyorwa Ginsburg, vari "Notebooks" ayo. Ndicho netsamba uye kuyeuka zviitiko neshamwari muupenyu zvose munyori uye vanhu rakapoteredzwa.

Lydia Yakovlevna akanga kunofambidzana dzakawanda akakurumbira kunozivikanwa unhu hwakadai Mayakovsky, Akhmatova, Mandelstam. Iye akanga ane jeko pfungwa uye masimba pakuongorora, yainakidza inopenya nomumwe manyorerwo uye rakadzika kwokukurukurirana tsanangudzo yakanaka. Saka, kuti "Notebooks" unofadza zvikuru uye kunakidza kwete chete nokuda mabhuku, asiwo zvavo vomunyika.

Kubva mumapeji nendangariro Ginzburg kuwana chii vaiva nomukurumbira vadetembi, vanyori uye vanyori umo vari manzwiro zvechokwadi, kuti vakatamira mune zvimwe zviitiko ...

Pavakaona duku mashoko, uye kungomhanyira ose subtleties, Lydia Y. Hunoita vaverengi kutarira vakakurumbira kurutivi chakanga kwemakore akawanda yakavanzwa kubva kuruzhinji.

Bhuku racho rine zvakadzama ongororo yayo uye kufungisisa pamusoro nyika yakavapoteredza, pamusoro mabhuku uye nounyanzvi kuti tive kufunga pachena, ona maloprimetnoe, kuti uongorore zvakare maonero avo nezvavanodavira.

uchenjeri

Mupiro chakaitwa Ginzburg mumabhuku Soviet, hakungoitwi chete mumwe nendangariro ayo uye netsamba.

Vakadzidza uye musoro, kuti cherechedzai zvidiki uye vachikwanisa kukurumidza kunzwisisa musimboti yacho, witty uye akananga - ndizvo chaiva zvinoshamisa munyori Lidiya Yakovlevna Ginzburg, akatorwa uye aphorisms kuti dzichiri vaiona akakodzera uye anorayiridza.

Heano mamwe acho:

• "Yakaipisisa, kuva vasingafari kuti nyore. Mufaro kwakafanana zvose akanaka, zvakaomera."
• "Perfect kukwegura - choga uye kuyananiswa yokupedza nemauto."
• "Man, aigona kuzvidza kudavira simba, zvinokwanisika kuti vabvume; murume aigona zvingakanganisa toga utsinye, rinogona mitigated chete vachitya kukuvadza asingakundiki uye havanzwi.".

munyori rufu

Writer Old zera aiva hunofadza uye anoremekedzwa. Vakwegura Lydia Ginzburg, mapikicha uye Mubvunzurudzo yakabuda periodicals zhinji, mabhuku yakabereka zvinokosha nhamba uye verenga rinonyatsotevedza, akafa ava namakore makumi masere-masere, takapoteredzwa muduku, zvikuru tsenivshimi vanyori varo.

Unyanzvi memoirist akararama refu uye zvakaoma, asi nezvayaireva uye zvakanaka upenyu.