Magetsi basa rayo unhu

Nokutenga chimwe chigadzirwa, munhu anotungamirirwa zvinotaurwa, chikuru iri kushanda utility zvibereko. Somuenzaniso, kana munhu ane nzara, anofunga kuti anogona kudya 10 mabhisikiti. Wokutanga Absorção de Água furawa zvigadzirwa sokuti kusimba rinonaka, yakachena uye tayaschim muromo. Chechipiri confectionery chishamiso achiri zvikuru dzinonaka, asi kwete nyoro. Third bun deflating zvishoma, uye wechina kare zvakakodzera kuti sanganisa waini kana tii. Kutaura wegumi bhekari, mumwe anoziva kuti akadya ose mabhanzi - kwete chaizvo zvinonaka uye zvikuru yakachena. Kureva, pamwe nerimwe akadya confectionery chigadzirwa chayo zvazvinombobatsira ipfupi. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti vashoma vanhu vakashandisa mabhanzi, dzakanga zvinokosha ehupfumi neimwe. Zvisinei, chikuru chinangwa - kureva, rusununguko nenzara, yave asvika, zvinoreva kuti chigadzirwa yakaratidza anobatsira. Panguva zvinokosha ehupfumi okutanga mabhanzi akanga yepamusoro zvikuru kupfuura wokupedzisira.

mutemo uyu kunoratidzwa akadai sezvo utility ishande. Zvinoratidza kuti Kuwedzera kwenhamba nenhumbi kutengeswa zvayo zvinokosha zvivako warasika, uye nzanga haadi kutenga chinhu chisakachena akawanda. Ndiko, pane wakananga ukama zvinhu zviviri izvi, kuti vade uye utility. Panyaya iyi, pfungwa ndiyewo zvikuru. The yakakwirira padanho kudiwa chimwe chinhu chaiita, zvikuru ayo richibatsira. Kana chigadzirwa romugove kwazvo kufarira kwaro kutora, ayo zvinokosha unhu vari kuderedzwa. Dzinobvepi dzaiva chinhu sechinhu utility basa?

In Austria, panguva paiva School of Economics, ane nhengo kutanga vakaedza noukama pakati pfungwa dzakadai mutengo kwenhumbi uye kudiwa payo, uyewo pakati chitsama chigadzirwa chayo Inventory.

The masayendisiti dzepamusorosoro mune mirayiridzo iyi vaiva Menger, Böhm-Bawerk uye Wieser. Vakaratidza kuti pane rakananga kutsamira mari sei chigadzirwa iri pamusika, dzinokosha ezvinhu vari kupfuma. Vamiririri chikoro ichi vakaratidza kuti pane muenzaniso pakati kubatsira uye utility pamusoro uwandu inodyiwa murume. Ndiyo kutanga kuratidza Austrians, ane basa Product kuderera pamwe kuwedzera uwandu rinodyiwa. muenzaniso uyu anopiwa muenzaniso kumusoro. The uchitikurudzira vanosvika utility inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye kuti shoma utility kunodzikira. Kubva musi pakuongorora ichi, kuti vamiririri chikoro yeAustria vakauya chinhu chikuru kufurira mutengo. Zvino ndiyo shoma utility. The yemaitiro nokuti kukarukureta yacho chinoratidza riri sezvinotevera:

MU = Du / dQ, apo

U - utility basa,

Q - uwandu nhumbi.

Nokuda delimitation ari shoma uye zvachose utility, isu akawana mhinduro zvisinganzwisisiki kuti pakati nezvoupfumi yainzi "gangaidzo mvura uye mangoda." Musimboti mubvunzo sezvinotevera. Mvura inofanira kuva mutengo mukuru munhu kupfuura mangoda nekuti pasina izvozvo, vanhu havagoni kurarama, mukusiyana kune zvinokosha zvicherwa. Zvisinei, mune tsika zvinofambira mumwe nzira kumativi. Mhinduro tinoiwana chitsama zvekuvaka: sezvo mvura reserves vanu, uye mutengo uri akagamuchirawo yakaderera. A nedhaimani deposits hadziwanzowaniki, saka mari zvakakwirira zvikuru.