Mapurani Brazilian Oscar Niemeyer: Biography, anoshanda. Museum uye Cultural Center Oscar Niemeyer

Oscar Niemeyer akaberekwa Rio de Janeiro, December 15, 1907 chiitiko ichi chakaitika mumugwagwa, yainzi pashure pechinguva zita sekuru vake Ribeyru Di Almeida. Murume uyu akanga ari mushumiri Brazilian Federal Supreme Court.

youth akitekiti

Sezvo akayeuka Oscar, akatungamirira bohemian upenyu hwake. Future mapurani Oscar Niemeyer akaroora mangoti ndapedza chikoro. Pakutanga aishanda mumba kudhinda, uye ipapo, muna 1930, akatanga zvidzidzo ake paNational School of Arts Akanaka, riri muRio de Janeiro. Oscar akazvisarudzira rorusununguko mapurani. Pashure 4 makore Niemeyer chikoro. Akaenda kushanda magadzirirwo Studio pamusoro Lusio Kosty, mudzidzisi wake aimbova. Lucio ndiye muvambi wesangano mapurani wokuBrazil muna Art Nouveau manyorerwo.

Pamwe chete Charles de Corbusier

First Oscar akashanda mahara. Munguva Studio, akasangana nomumwe murume zvikuru basa rake. Zviri pamusoro Charles Le Korbyuze, murongedzeri French. Aiva consultant revechiduku Artists vaishanda pamusoro chirongwa chokuvaka bazi Health uye Dzidzo muRio de Janeiro. Uyu kamwe akati Oscar tarenda. Akarayira kuti Project Management.

Niemeyer, nemhaka basa iri, akagamuchira kukudzwa mapurani, kwete kutya kuedza. Akabudirira sowakajeka chokubatanidza zvisingatarisirwi chaizvo zvitarisiko uye mitsara pamwe mashandiro zvikamu uye zvokuvakisa izvo zvavari zvakaitwa. Zvadaro, izvi zvinhu rava kuzivikanwa Niemeyer anoshanda kuti kucharatidzwa munenge nechimwe mapurojekiti 600 rinoitwa navo munyika dzakasiyana.

Pavilion Brazil uye kunzwisisa Pampulha

Zita murongedzeri muna 1939, akanga atova kuzivikanwa kunze kwenyika. Niemeyer, pamwe Lusio Kostoy, kuti Pavilion yokuBrazil yakagadzirwa, anounzwa New York panguva World Exhibition. Mukutanga 1940s murongedzeri akapiwa chikuru hurongwa hutsva. Juscelino Kubitschek, uyo akazova purezidhendi nyika, uye apo aimbova mutariri huru muguta Ibirité (Brazil), akarayira kuti avakire zvivako pamahombekombe kwegungwa. Pampulha. Pane aifanira kuva netsvimbo Yacht uye tsvimbo tenesi, chechi, kutamba imba uye miziyamu. Pashure pokupedza basa racho Pampulha akava rinenge rinonyanya kukosha kukwezvana munyika. It pakarepo akazozivikanwa wokuBrazil mapurani chiwanikwa.

UN zvivakwa vari kunzwisisa chirongwa

Oscar Niemeyer rava Celebrity chaiye. Muna 1947 aiva nhengo boka ezvivako vaishanda pamusoro pakuvaka UN zvakaoma muNew York. Niemeyer aiva muduku pakati pavo. Akatungamirira boka American mapurani Uolles Garrison. Vanyori vakatsvaka nechokwadi kuti basa ravo rakanga zvokufananidzira, youzivi kukosha. Niemeyer akagadzira yokuti "wekishopu kwenyika". Aifarira nevamwe akatendera chirongwa ichi, asi nezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana kuti dzika uye vakasagona.

Cottage Canoas

In mapurani-experimenter yaiva yakawanda pfungwa. Kunyanya, nyika-famed nokuda kwayo kujairika imwezve kusikwa - kupa Canoas. Iye akarivaka ari Mafuro Rio de Janeiro muna 1953. Nhasi zviri weChicago chinzvimbo chepamusoro-soro dunhu yeSão Conrado. Maererano nenyanzvi, kushandiswa pakuvaka ichi yomumunda mhinduro vachiri yakachena, asi ave nemakore anopfuura 50. Imba chaizvoizvo kuvakwa munzvimbo yayo zvakavapoteredza. Somuenzaniso, Nedombo hombe, riri kuvaka akasiyiwa apo akarara, zvichida zvemakore. The mapurani akasarudza kumisa madziro eimba chete pamusoro payo. Zvakaguma guru chikamu ibwe iri pamusha, uye chimwe chikamu - mukati. Izvi zvinopa wakaoma mukati meimba tarenda mavambo.

Zvisinei, basa iri rakanga chete Overture kuti basa upenyu mapurani guru, uyo akava guta Brasilia, guta guru itsva ehurumende.

Design guru Brazilian

Kare muzana remakore rechi19 paiva pfungwa kuti uchatamisa guru wokuBrazil, iyo panguva iyoyo Rio de Janeiro. Ipapo pfungwa nharo kuti Rio iri pamusoro Atlantic pamhenderekedzo, mune chiitiko vaizorwiswa iri pachena kuti mukuru pangozi kupfuura guta, iri dzokumaruwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvinonzi vaidavira kuti chikuru chikonzero kuchinjwa guta rokuBrazil - kudikanwa kuva pakati nyika dzakati pakazara panguva.

Muna 1957, ichi basa uye vanokudzwa basa Juscelino Kubitschek, ikozvino purezidhendi Brazil akarayira kugadzirisa Oscar Niemeyer uye Lucio Costa. Yokupedzisira ndorwevaya mukuru pakukura urongwa muguta, uye Oscar - gwaro unorema dzinogarwa zvivako uye dzimba. Maererano nenyanzvi, basa ezvivako izvi akava akakurumbira zvikuru mumaguta kuronga kuedza nguva. Zvinenge kubva muvare muna 3 years yakawedzera guta, izvo nokukurumidza akava mumwe unoyevedza nemisha nyika. Kusvikira zvino, pakanga pasina nahwo pasi. Musi pamutemo hwomukova - April 21, 1960

Chivako chikuru guru Brazilian

Pakutanga, guta rakanga zvakagadzirirwa kugara mariri 800 zviuru. Residents, asi ikozvino mava vanopfuura mamiriyoni 2.1. Sezvo Brazilians vanoti ravo guru afanane ndege chimiro. Kana aunokwira pamusoro TV shongwe, riri pakati peguta, muchaona "ichibhururuka chikepe", chine kumboitika mumigwagwa kare, dzinoungana, anovaraidza uye dzimba. Pakati - iri rine mativi nzvimbo Three Powers. Pamakona ane 3 zvivako: paMuzinda President, Dare Repamusorosoro, uye National Congress. Izvi "kabhini yacho ndege." "Kumusoro Nemapapiro" nayo - dzinogarwa dzoga, makatumidzwa - "rwezasi" uye "kuchamhembe" bapiro. Zvakasara guru inewo kusiyana mune zvekutepfenyura - dzemabhizimisi zvekutepfenyura, hotera, rekupinda, varaidzo mapazi.

Zvinonzi achidzedzereka chaizvoizvo chivakwa ose, yakanga yakagadzirirwa kubudikidza Oscar Niemeyer. zvinotyisa izvi katyamadza isu pamwe chisingatarisirwi zvitarisiko, vakashinga mitsetse, kujairika contours. Somuenzaniso, mujinga mapatya shongwe National Congress, chimwe nechimwe chine uriri 28, zvakawanda anotambanudza papuratifomu. Rine 2 yakakura nemikombe - Housings House of Representatives uye neDare (hunomirirwa pamusoro). The rokutanga makapu izvi chinhu inverted uye nzvimbo uye mumwe kunosvika kurutivi denga.

National Theater, muchimiro chepiramidhi, uyewo isu chinokushamisa wayo mavambo. The chikuru Chikamu Kuvaka pevhu. Zvinoshamisa uye Cathedral pamwe aro akakura magirazi cone. Chivako ichi (yaifananidzira nizhee) vachiapoteredza ne mbiru chena, Vakarodza akafanana penzura. Kuzorora pasi, uye ipapo, vachidzokorora pezvakaita kereke, achisiya miseve ake kudenga.

Pakuvaka Church yakaita zvakawanda chikepe vatorwa yacho netsaona, pane kereke iri chinyakare mupfungwa. Kwete kure nayo pane rimwe zvinoshamisa mapurani - kuvaka paMuzinda Itamaraty, iro dzakakurumbira kuzivikanwa paMuzinda pamaberere. Nderake kuBazi Affairs Foreign. Chivako ichi chiri nenzwi mbiru kuti dzinoumba maberere dzakakwirira kongiri namaberere uye yakafara mawindo. Very chisingatarisirwi akadzama kuti yunivhesiti yakadaro inokosha iri guru dziva kuti runopoteredza Itamaraty Palace kunhivi dzose. It mafaro mutambo hove.

We tsanangura chete chivako chikuru, hwakasikwa iri guru Brazilian Oscar Niemeyer. Projects zvayo zvakasiyana-siyana uye vakawanda. Pamwe siyanisa mapiramidhi, domes, mukombe woita akavakukura mbiru, mumapaki dzaiungana, asi yakaoma geometric zvitarisiko, kufunga uye nzvimbo mumigwagwa guta kwakunoitwa yaidzorwa mashoko uye nekupenya. More kusiyana senzvimbo basa mutungamiri wokuBrazil - mumuzinda "Planalto" (aimiririra pazasi).

munyori Its zvakare Oscar Niemeyer. Mavakirwo chivako ichi chishamiso. Izvi chivakwa duku mapuriro zvina haruzvitsvakiri somunhu yamambo. Chete murindi inoratidza kuti izvi ndizvo apo zvisarudzo zvematongerwo enyika kuti chokuita nenjodzi nyika pakukura Latin America.

A yakawanda paruzhinji muzvivako akasika Nimeyer Oskar. Hurumende Somuenzaniso, akagamuchira rayo Palace muna 1960. Zvisinei, pasinei basa yakakwirira yakadaro kuti mamiriro, murongedzeri akanga achiri kusiya nyika yake yaakaberekerwa. Tiudzei sei zvakaitika.

Niemeyer upenyu nhapwa

Muna 1945, Oscar akabatana Communist Party kweBrazil, uye vakaramba vakatendeka kuna neururami ayo kusvikira parufu rwake. The mapurani yakagadzirwa guta idzva, asi akatambura kubva chokwadi kuti rukoniwe kubvisa shacks uye muzvitangwena. Opinions Niemeyer haana kuvanza. Nokuda kwavo, aisagona kugara muBrazil pashure muna 1960 ne zvemauto akabvuta chigaro. Oscar aifanira kutama kuenda Europe. Iye vakagara Paris. Izvi kumanikidzwa kuenda mapurani rinonzi "kusina kumukodzera kudzingwa". Niemeyer ipapo akafamba nyika, vachishanyira pakati dzimwe nyika, uye Soviet Union, akawana admirers zhinji uye vatsigiri. Akava shasha evanhu mberi uye rugare panyika. Nokuti ichi akanga paakavapa mubayiro "nokuti kusimbisa rugare pakati pavanhu" (International Lenin Prize).

Sapakutanga, murongedzeri aishanda nesimba. Kunenge kuti nzvimbo basa rake zvechokwadi dzakadururwa: Italy, Germany, France, Lebanon, Congo, Ghana, United States, Algeria uye dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. The kupfuura nomukurumbira muzvirongwa ake panguva iyi vaiva Central Committee of Communist Party wokuFrance, iri Paris, uyewo "Mondadori" muMilan.

Kudzokera Brazil, Kubitschek Memorial J.

Chete mukutanga 1980s Oskar Nimeyer akadzokera Brazil. Akabva akatanga kuita hope dzake - chokurangaridza Chirongwa okuyeuka "baba" guru rokuBrazil Juscelino Kubitschek. Memorial, iri hurukuro izvo dzinotiyeuchidza nenyundo nembezo, vakapoteredzwa greenery. Riri pedyo TV shongwe. Uyu ndiwo mumwe chikuru zvinokwezva guru wokuBrazil.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake, rufu murongedzeri

Mumakore achangopfuura, upenyu Oscar Niemeyer aishanda Studio rake, riri Rio de Janeiro, pamusoro building pamusoro Copacabana. Pakati zvichangobva mabasa ake anosanganisira vavakezve "Sambadrome". nzira iyi ine mikoko yakavakwa muna 1984. Panguva haradhi akabata pano makwikwi Samba zvikoro. Chete muna 2012 nzira iyi yakapiwa maererano gwaro Niemeyer.

The hunoshamisa mapurani Brazilian Oscar Niemeyer akafa musi December 6, 2012 muchipatara muRio de Janeiro, uko aiitirwa kwemwedzi. Oscar haana kurarama kusvikira 105th rokuzvarwa mazuva chete 10. mwanasikana wake chete, Anna Maria Niemeyer, akafa pazera 82 muna June 2012

Cultural Center Oscar Niemeyer

chinhu ichi riri mune Spanish uye Aviles ari hofori Museum uye kuratidza kunzwisisa. In konzati dzimba kuratidzwa pakati inoshandiswa siyana tsika zviitiko - kuratidzira kubva Photographers uye vemifananidzo, nokutamba zvesimba uye mitambo nezvinobvamo, Concerts, firimu screenings, hurukuro zvedzidzo uye misangano.

chinhu ichi Zvinofadza kubva mapurani sokuona. Ndiye zvakawanda saizvozvo pamusoro nhandare kupfuura miziyamu yakaoma. The Center ine zvivako zvishanu, chimwe nechimwe kunoratidzwa inopenya ruvara pamadziro uye chinoshamisira zvitarisiko. Cultural Center, iri Aviles, - ndicho chete ruvara pakuvaka mabasa Oscar Niemeyer. Chisarudzo ichi haana kusarudzwa nemasanga - chivako aifanira sechibereko mushonga mwoyo nokuda vanhu rimwe maindasitiri taundi duku. Kwenguva refu nguva Aviles sevanhu "ndakashata Duckling" ari kuchamhembe kweSpain. Zvinonzi Kazhinji chokuita vagere munyika kusvuta chimneys iri pano steelworks. Panguva iyo Exhibition Grounds Oscar akapa guta upenyu hutsva. basa Construction rakatanga muna 2008 uye rakapedzwa muna 2011. The zvikamu zvishanu muzinda - a multiplex, nezvakataurwa shongwe, muimba uye nechepakati sikweya.

Oscar Niemeyer Museum

Curitiba (Brazil) - guta iro rinozivikanwa sezvo guta gotwe muBrazil kwete chete. Rakanga pano kuti yakakurumbira Museum Niemeyer. Zvinonzi vakazvitsaurira kuna mapurani ano, ari kutarisana zveun'anga, magadzirirwo uye mavhidhiyo nounyanzvi. Chivako yakapera muna 2002. Pakutanga chinhu ichi chainzi "Museum New", asi akapa zita Oscar Niemeyer kare muna 2003

Chivako ichi chinonziwo "zvose inonzwa neziso" kana kuti "Museum kwemaziso" nokuti yaro yepakutanga zvakagadzirwa. In chimiro afanane ane ziso hombe, akarembera mudenga. Nhasi chiratidzo ichi Curitiba ndiye Museum of Modern Art. Oscar Niemeyer vakatanga basa racho muna 1967. Akabva avaka chesamende chivako manyorero modernism kuti yepamusoro sangano. Gare gare, muna 2001, akadzokera chirongwa ichi uye wakashandurwa nayo. Saka kwaiva kuwedzera simbi pajira riya, chena kongiri uye ndiro girazi, anozivikanwa somunhu Oscar Niemeyer Museum yakakura. "Maziso" iri yakatanhamara pakati rakagadzirwa nevanhu dziva.

zita rake zvakasimba akanyorwa munhoroondo mapurani, hunoshamisa mapurani Oscar Niemeyer. basa rake anozivikanwa pasi rose. Havana handiregi kushamisa uye vanofarira venguva yedu.