Basic nzira wepfungwa semudziyo kuti cognition kwevanhu

Psychology - sayenzi kuti vanodzidza kushanda kwendangariro uye maitiro siyana muvanhu. The kudzidza zvepfungwa kwevanhu, somumwe sainzi, kunotanga zvayo zvinangwa, zvinangwa uye nzira. In yayo kukura, zvepfungwa, zvimwe kuzivikanwa sayenzi kwemweya, aenda mumatanho akawanda. Kokutanga pamusoro rokuti chomudzimu murume kutaura remakore rechishanu BC Panguva ino, pfungwa dzinokosha kuti vanhu pamusoro mweya yakavakirwa ngano dzakawanda uye ngano, zvitendero dzekare. Nguva yechipiri padariro kukura kwepfungwa vaiona BC 5-6 remakore On kwavo dzokai nesayenzi wepfungwa sezvo vakadaro haripo, pfungwa dzose mweya murume akapinda davi vakawanda uzivi. Zvakatora mamwe emakore akawanda, asati kutaura zvepfungwa sechinhu yoga nesayenzi iri ano pfungwa shoko. Yakanga chete mukupera rechi18. Panguva iyoyo rave rimwe chikuru nyaya iri kumayunivhesiti akawanda muEurope.

Mumwe sainzi ine zvinangwa zvayo uye zvinangwa, kuwana izvo zvinoita ngaavongwe unyanzvi kuti iye anoshandisa iyi. Basic nzira wepfungwa - chaiyo huchashandiswa vanachiremba vaunganidze hwakavimbika Data zvaidikanwa kuvakwa mikuru dzesayenzi dzidziso uye pakuzadzisa nesayenzi zvavo. Panguva tuzvikanganiso somunhu yoga munda yezivo nesayenzi mweya yava vaunganidza zvikuru zvizhinji pachavo nzira dzavo. The zvihombe ndiwo:

• ongororo;
• chiedzwa;
• ongororo;
• kukurukura;
• kubvunza.

Nzira kuti pakuongorora mu kwepfungwa ari zvikuru yakarongwa omumwe chinangwa pakuongorora pamwe unozotevera kunyoresa ayo maitiro mhinduro. Mune zvimwewo pfungwa pakuongorora - ndiwo maonero uye kuisa mumusoro yoga unhu hwenyika dzinoitwa nayo. Midziyo zvidzidzo unyanzvi vachishandisa nzira iyi angava zvepfungwa: zviri chinhu pakutaura, ayo zvikuru, nguva, kuwanda padivi manzwiro, masangano. Observation rinoitwa, ave mutemo, kana nokuda mucherechedzi (wepfungwa) kana chinokosha mano (video, Audio midziyo, etc.).

Experiment (kubva muchiLatin - "ruzivo", "muedzo") ndiyo nzira zvepfungwa, izvo zvinoita kuti chamber nyaya yokuzvibata iri rakagadzirwa nevanhu, asi pedyo yomugariro wacho. Kuita kuedza anogona inyatsoona pamwero aripo matambudziko, asi mugumisiro basa kare. Somuenzaniso, mumwe chiremba wepfungwa anoshanda murwere kutambura kubva pakutya madandaude. Panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura kwepfungwa anogona kuitisa kumwe kuedza umo murwere achaiswa kukumbirwa kuti vasvike pakuva akwariyamu umo Tupukanana pamberi kwahunokonzera kutya. Maererano kwaiita murwere anogona vachatongwa sei zvakanaka vakanga kubatwa uye kana riri iyi kubva kwaari kunobatsirawo.

The inokosha nzira zvepfungwa, sezvo mutemo, vane dzavo zvakanakira nekuipira. Somuenzaniso, ongororo iri kungotarisa kufungisisa hunhu. Vaongorori vakacherechedza apo nokuda dzose mabasa yacho, asi haikwanise kuunza kuchinja sezvinodiwa. Kana kusikwa rakagadzirwa nevanhu mamiriro ezvinhu, zvakakodzera, nevatsvakurudzi yave kuita nzira iyi, ive kuedza, iro rakanakira zvikuru zvichienzaniswa nekuonekwa.

The kukurukura - orudzi nomuromo kutaurirana pakati mutsvakurudzi uye nyaya (the kwepfungwa uye murwere), umo mutsvakurudzi anoedza kuwana sezvo zvakawanda mashoko akakodzera pamusoro bvunzo. Nzira iyi kwesayenzi inowanzoshandiswa mu Paunotanga kudzidza, uye pashure pakuongorora kana kuedza.

Poll - nzira kudyidzana pakati mutsvakurudzi uye nyaya, iro riri chinozoiswa kuburikidza Pfungwa mibvunzo zvakafanira uye mhinduro kwavari nezvenyaya. Vachipikisana - kubva nekuita pakati maviri vechikamu pakudzidza (wepfungwa, murwere), umo ekupedzisira aronga mhando, sezvinoita mutemo, kupa mhinduro dzemibvunzo. Izvi zvinokosha nzira wepfungwa sezvo ongororo uye nemibvunzo vangava zvakafanana. Patient kubvunzurudza vanachiremba zvidzidzo mibvunzo kakawanda zvokuvataurira nomuromo, mibvunzo kuchinzi, apo nyaya akakumbirwa zvinotsiva akawanda. Kana mubvunzo uyu angava zvachose kufanana, zvisinei avo murwere kuratidza - nomuromo kana kunyora.

zvikuru mupfungwa nzira All vane ukama hwepedyo nomumwe uye zvinogona kushandiswa kana singly kana yakasanganiswa. Inzira kudzidza kubatsira chero Kunyanya zvazvingava, mutsvakurudzi anosarudza pachake.

Vanotsvakurudza nhasi Sayenzi mweya kuzadzisa zvinangwa anogona kushandisa nzira zvepfungwa ano, iyo kupa yakasiyana nyanzvi kupatsanura. Somuenzaniso, kupatsanura nzira kubva wemabhuku anoverengeka ari zvepfungwa Druzhinin rine zvinhu zvitatu chete nzira: empirical, yokungotaura uye rairatidza. Vazhinji vavo, sezvo mutemo, vachiri chete experimental ndikarangarira zvepfungwa anoshandiswa chaizvo kashoma.