Mwana socialization. Socialization vana uye vachiri kuyaruka vari seboka

Mwana anouya panyika ino, sezvo vachiti, tabula Pushpavanam (kureva "jira rakachena"). Uye kuti ndiko kurera mwana, uye achavaponesa upenyu hwake yemberi: murume uyu kubudirira mune ramangwana, kana kuwira pasi pasi upenyu. Ndokusaka munyaya ino, dambudziko iri ichakurukurwa zvakadzama, sezvo socialization mwana.

mazwi

Pakutanga, Chokwadi, unofanira kusarudza pamwe mazwi dzichashandiswa zvikuru nyaya yose. Saka socialization mwana - mwana kukura kubva pakuzvarwa kwake. It kunobva kukurukurirana dzinodya mafufu pamwe zvakatipoteredza, nenguva apo mwana huchatungamirira Sechipanji zvose kuti anoona, anonzwa, anonzwa. nokunzwisisa uku uye kuitwa zvose nemagariro uye tsika dzemunharaunda uye dzakanaka, uyewo dzinotsanagura nokuzvidzora chiitiko muvanhu, kuti izvo mwana ndohwavo.

Kazhinji kutaura, socialization - inofanira kuitwa mwana patsika dzemunharaunda, nemitemo kuripo muvanhu kupiwa. Uyewo Absorção de Água ari mitemo yomufambiro, izvo achishingaira kushandisa nhengo dzayo.

STRUCTURAL zvinoriumba

Zvinokoshawo kuziva kuti socialization mwana chinosanganisira zvinotevera STRUCTURAL zvinoriumba:

1. Vaingoerekana socialization. Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro muitiro anozvipira pakukura kwemwana pasi pokudzora chinangwa ezvinhu. Ongorora chikamu ichi zvakaoma chaizvo.
2. Nekaupenyu anotungamirirwa socialization. Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro nuances kuti hurumende iri kutora kugadzirisa matambudziko zvakananga kukanganisa munhu. Zviri yakasiyana kwezvoupfumi, musangano uye dzepamutemo nezviyero mhando.
3. Nekaupenyu pehurumende socialization. Ava vose pakunamata uye zvetsika nemagariro neHurumende rose uye nzanga zvikuru.
4. Achiziva kuzviremekedza kuchinja munhu. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chinhu ichi chaiva haana yaingowanikwa ari socialization vana. Achaita Ungangove rinoreva zvakawanda kune vakuru. Kanenge - kune vechiduku vakagumisa kuti unofanira kuchinja chinhu muupenyu hwavo.

socialization nzendo

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti socialization mwana rinoumbwa dzinoverengeka matanho anokosha, izvo akasiyana zvichienderana nemakore dzinodya mafufu:

1. Paucheche (makore mwana asati gore upenyu rokutanga).
2. Achiri muduku, kana mafufu kubva 1 kusvika 3 years.
3. Preschool zera (3 kusvika 6 years).
4. Primary chikoro (makore 6-10) zera.
5. Early kuyaruka (makore anenge 10-12).
6. Senior kuyaruka (makore 12-14) zera.
7. Early kuyaruka (makore 15-18).

Izvi zvinoteverwa dzimwe zvokukura socialization, zvisinei, haasisiri mwana uye munhu mukuru. Pashure pezvose, maererano UN Convention, mwana munhu haana zera ruzhinji. Isu - makore 18.

socialization zvinhu

Pfungwa socialization zvakaoma chaizvo. Mushure zvose, unosanganisira pfungwa dzakadai socialization zvinhu. Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura zvinhu uye kuti maitiro kwenzanga iyo articulates mwana dzimwe dzemunharaunda uye tsika. Akakamurwa zvinhu zvina mapoka makuru:

1. Megafaktory. Avo kuti chokuita zvose vagere panyika. Somuenzaniso, ndiko pezvakasikwa, nyika, nyika. Panyaya iyi, mwana anofanira vakadzidza kunzwisisa kukosha Earth, kuti ndiye Nyika wose mupenyu.
2. Macro zvinhu. Fukidza vashomanana vanhu. Kureva, vagari ezvinhu, rudzi, dzinza. Saka, tose tinoziva kuti munzvimbo dzakasiyana akasiyana okunze, urbanization, ivo nuances hwenyika uye, chokwadi, tsika unhu. Hazvina chakavanzika yaizova kuti zvichienderana enhoroondo unhu uye akaumba rinokosha mhando munhu.
3. Mezofaktory. Izvi zvakare evanhu zvinhu zvine simba rakasimba pamusoro munhu. Saka, boka iri revanhu, akaparadzaniswa nevanhu mhando ugari. Tiri kutaura chaipo apo mwana aigara: mumusha, guta kana guta. Muchiitiko ichi zvikuru kukurukurirana nzira, kuvapo subcultures (huru danho pakuitika Autonomisation nokuzivikanwa), zvikurukuru yokugara nzvimbo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Regional kusiyana angava akasiyana zvachose nezvainoita munhu.
4. Microfactors. Eya, wokupedzisira boka zvinoita kuti mukuru kubatsira vanhu - iri mhuri microsocium, musha, nharaunda, dzidzo, uyewo chitendero.

vaishandira socialization

Education uye socialization mwana vari pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu ainzi nevamiririri. Ndivanaani? Nokudaro, vamiririri socialization - ndivo masangano avo kana mapoka, kuburikidza izvo mwana anodzidza zvimwe dzemunharaunda, tsika uye mitemo yetsika.

1. Vanhu. Ava ndivo vanhu vari zvakananga nevanhu mwana ari mubishi dzidzo uye kurovedza. Vabereki, voukama, neshamwari, vadzidzisi, vavakidzani, uye zvichingodaro. D.
2. Vamwe masangano. Ndicho mapindu, zvikoro, mapoka, mamwe kukura, madenderedzwa, uye zvichingodaro. D. Kureva, avo masangano ayo kukanganisa mwana chero nzira.

Ipapo anofanira akatiwo kuti pane kupesana kupinda nesekondari socialization. Basa vamiririri Muzviitiko zvakadaro vachava zvakasiyana-siyana.

1. Saka, muna muduku, kusvika makore matatu, rinokosha rokuva vamiririri socialization anopiwa kuti vanhu: vabereki, vanasekuru uye pakarepo dzakapoteredza mwana. Kureva, avo vanhu vari kuonana naye kubva pakuzvarwa uye mumakore okutanga oupenyu.
2. Kubva 3 kusvika 8 makore apinde kushanda nezvimwe nevasori, zvakadai somunhu kukireshi kana rimwe sangano edzidzo. Pane kare pamusoro dzidzo mwana, kuwedzera kune pakarepo kwezvakatipoteredza, vanotungamirirwa nevadzidzisi, manesi, vanachiremba, uye zvichingodaro. D.
3. Munguva kubva 8 kusvika 18 makore munhu ani ari zvikuru kubudikidza nhau: TV, Indaneti.

Early socialization vana

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, vana socialization kwacho ine muzvikamu zviviri: nesekondari socialization. Zvino ndinoda kutaura pamusoro rinokosha rokutanga danho.

Saka, muna muitiro (chikuru) mangwanani socialization zvinoti mhuri kunokosha. wakazvarwa Just, mwana kuzvibatsira asi zvikuru kugadzirira upenyu munyika itsva kwaari. Uye chete vabereki uye vamwe pedyo nehama kumubatsira ajairane kekutanga. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pashure pokuberekwa kwomwana kwete chete inokura uye zvikamuka, asiwo socialized. Pashure pezvose, iye absorbs zvaanoona kumativi sei vabereki kutaura nemumwe, sezvo vachiti. Chinhu pipsqueak panguva uye achaita kutamba. Uye kana mwana anonzi zvinokuvadza, zvakakodzera kutanga haana kupomera nembudzana, uye vabereki. Pashure pezvose, ivo chete kungaita mwana wavo kuti maitiro akadaro. Kana vabereki vari kunyarara, regai kutaura ari ndashevedzera, uye musachema, mwana achava mumwe chete. Zvikasadaro, vana vari capricious, huta, anokurumidza kutsamwa. It atova ane nuances ose socialization. Kureva mwana anodavira kuti nenzira iyi uye kuzvibata mune ramangwana munzanga. Kuti pakupedzisira achaita kukireshi, mumugwagwa, mupaki kana kupati.

Chii, ari socialization mwana mumhuri? Kana waita mhedziso duku kuti vabereki vose vane kukuyeuchidza: hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti mwana absorbs zvose anoona mumhuri. Uye kuti iye achaunza muupenyu hwako mune ramangwana.

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro mhuri dzinoparadzana

Kunobudirira socialization vana runobvira chete chiitiko kuti vamiririri muchasangana munzanga mitemo. Zviri pano kuti pane dambudziko uye mhuri dzinoparadzana. Saka, ichi chinhu chinokosha, STRUCTURAL uye dzichipfekeka mhando mhuri, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva pasi munzanga rinonyanya siyana mabhora muupenyu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mhuri iyi zvikuru kazhinji anoita mabasa basa nayo toreva kwezvikonzero: kunyanya zvoupfumi, asiwo dzidzo, magariro, zvemitemo, zvokurapa, mupfungwa, etc. Zviri pano kuti kazhinji simuka zvose zvemarudzi zvinetso socialization vana ...

mari

Socialization kwacho ndiko saka kunzwisisa kuti zvinosanganisira akawanda okunze uye nuances. Saka, zvinokosha kuti ufunge aparadzane uyewo nzira siyana socialization vana. Saka, zviri? Wakaisa iyi zvinokosha kuti dzakananga mumwe nomumwe vanhu, kirasi zvemagariro, uye zera. Saka, izvi Somuenzaniso, sei kutarisira uye mucheche kudyisa, paumbwe utsanana uye magariro, zvigadzirwa, zvinhu uye tsika yokunamata, iyo yakapoteredza mwana, akaisa zvose zvakanaka uye kunaka zvirango muna chiitiko chiito. Ndizvo zvose, uye ndiye nzira inokosha socialization, saka kuti mwana anodzidza, uye zvemarudzi ose tichizvibata uye tsika kuti vari kuedza kudzidzisa kwake dzakapoteredza.

michini

Kuongorora kuti socialization mwana wacho unhu, tinofanirawo kuteerera zvigadziriswe basa rayo. Saka, zvesayenzi kusiyanisa dzavo huru mbiri. Wokutanga wavo - magariro uye pedagogical. By mashandiro ichi zvinosanganisira:

1. The zvetsika mashandiro. kuitwa iyi mwana maitiro dzemunharaunda, mafungiro uye pfungwa, izvo yo ake yomukati denderedzwa: mhuri uye hama.
2. Zvechechi. Muchiitiko chino, nezvainoita mwana rinobatanidzwa dzakasiyana-siyana paruzhinji masangano, pamwe pacho interacts mukufamba kwaro kukura.
3. Stylized. Pane atova mubvunzo pamusoro pokudzora kwomudzimu subculture kana mamwe maitiro (semuenzaniso, yechitendero) kukura mwana.
4. Interpersonal. Mwana anodzidza mitemo yomufambiro, nhungamiro nokushamwaridzana nevamwe vanhu.
5. Tichifungisisa. Urwu rwatova zvikuru kunzwisisa mashandiro chokuzivikanwa pachayo somunhu chairema yakakura chose, nhamba yakapoteredza nyika.

Chimwe mashandiro anokosha socialization mwana - munhu socio-mupfungwa. In sainzi, rakakamurwa zvinotevera zvinhu:

1. Kudzvinyirira. muitiro uyu aitofanira manzwiro, pfungwa uye zvishuvo.
2. Insulation. Kana mwana kuedza kubvisa pfungwa zvisingadiwi kana manzwiro.
3. Fungidziro. Kuchinjwa zvimwe dzemunharaunda mufambiro uye tsika pane mumwe munhu.
4. Zvitupa. Nokufamba mwana wake raanozvizivisa nevamwe vanhu, chikwata, boka.
5. Introjection. Kuchinjwa mwana mumwe murume miti: simba chidhori.
6. Tsitsi. Anokosha mashandiro urombo.
7. Kuzvinyengera. Mwana pachena kuziva wrongness nepfungwa dzake, nezvaakatonga.
8. Sublimation. Inobatsira nomazviri tama zvinodiwa kana zvido vari munzanga chokwadi.

"Zvakandiomera" vana

Oga, ane mashoko mashoma vanofanira akati pamusoro sei socialization vana vakaremara (kureva vakaremara). Pakutanga, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chinokosha pano chikuru socialization dzinodya mafufu, ndiko zvose kuti vachava pamba. Kana vabereki mwana kunyatsotarisirwa vanotorwa sevanhu azere nhengo munzanga, socialization yechipiri harizoiti sezvaraiva kuoma sezvo zvingava. Chokwadi, pachava nezvipingamupinyi, nekuti kazhinji chaiwo vana vane kunaka kana chete vasingafariri kuonesesa vezera. Havasi kuenzana, riri zvikuru inokanganisa paumbwe hwomwana unhu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti socialization vana vakaremara vanofanira kutora nzvimbo sezvinongoitwa sokune mwana rakajairika utano. Zvisinei, mamwe mari kungadiwa. Huru matambudziko angamuka nenzira iyi:

• Kukwana Nhamba assistive mano kupedza socialization (zvokutanga, kushaya ramps muzvikoro).
• Kusadiwa uye kutaurirana, kana ari mwana ari hia.
• Dzakasiyiwa mukutanga padariro socialization vana ava kana ivo pachavo kutanga kunzwisisa hazvina kudaro, sezvo kuva.

Zvinokoshawo kuziva kuti iyi nyaya vana kushanda uchikumbira dzidzo vadzidzisi vanogona kufungawo zvinodiwa uye, Chikurukuru, mukana vana anokosha zvakadaro.

Vana vakasara vasina vabereki

Individual nzeve nherera kana tichifunga nzendo socialization mwana. Sei? Quite kungoti, nekuti vana izvi chikuru kupfungwa socialization haisi mhuri, sezvo kuva, sezvo pakaitwa urongwa - musha mwana, musha vana, chikoro chebhodho. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti ichi kunoita kuti tibvunze panowanikwa matambudziko akawanda. Saka, pakutanga, mafufu akadaro zvachose nenzira isiyo vanotanga kuona upenyu sezvazvakaita. Kureva, kubva mangwanani chaizvo zera, mwana anotanga kuita pacharo mumwe mufananidzo maitiro, uye haizopereri upenyu mhando kwomunhu kuti iye anoona panguva. Uyewo, muitiro dzidzo uye kurovedza vana nherera akasiyana zvachose. Saka ndoda mafufu wakapiwa pachavo kutarisirwa yavanowana zvishoma pamuviri ushamwari, rudo uye hanya kubva pazera. Uye izvi zvose zvachose kunokanganisa mafungiro uye unhu inotungamirwa. Nyanzvi akati refu kuti vakapedza kudzidza nemasangano dzakadaro - zvikoro achikwira, mugumisiro uri malosamostoyatelnymi, kukodzera kuti upenyu munzanga kunze kwemasvingo nemasangano edzidzo. Havana unyanzvi idzodzo dzinokosha hunozovabatsira kodzero purazi, dzokurasa zvokunyama nzira uye kunyange yakafanira.

Socialization of mbudzana mubindu

Sei socialization mwana ari kuenda kukireshi? Zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti zvakafamba vachava pamusoro yechipiri socialization. Kuti, anoshanda dzakasiyana-siyana nemasangano zvedzidzo kuti mukanyatsochengeta kukanganisa upenyu hwevanhu. Somuenzaniso, kukireshi kukonzera kukambaira hwekudzidza. Ndokusaka nyanzvi vakatanga siyana zvirongwa zvedzidzo, kuti zvichiteverwa vachengeti. zvinangwa zvavo:

• Kutanga yakanaka zvakatipoteredza vana kukura (kusarudza chido, nokuumba Noa zvounhu fomu).
• Kufunga mhando uye siyana achidzidzisa. Ndicho chinhu chinokosha pakuderedza basa kuitira kuti ivo, somuenzaniso, kuti aumbe mafungiro akanaka kurutivi nyika, kuzviremekedza, kudiwa tsitsi uye zvichingodaro. D.
• Zvinokoshawo kuti kukwanisa kuona padanho kukura mwana mumwe, kuti kukwanisa kushanda mwana mumwe maererano zvaaida uye kuita.

Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndiye socialization mwana. Chirongwa ndiro, izvo zvichaita kuti kusarudzwa uyu kuenda kukireshi nomudonzvo - zviri zvakare chaiwo uye inokosha. Hazvina kubva izvi zvingaenzana anovengwa zvakawanda nekutambira kudzidzisa mafufu.

Children uye akura socialization: Features

Funga zvinhu socialization vana, zvaizova anodiwa vose angaenzaniswa zvakafanana pezvakaitwa nedzevakuru. Musiyano uri ikoko?

1. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro vakuru vari nedanho socialization nokuchinja kwevanhu maitiro. In vana sezvo pane kurangwa yetsika dzinokosha.
2. Vakuru vanogona kuongorora zviri kuitika. Kids nyore kupinza ruzivo, non-kutonga.
3. Munhu mukuru anokwanisa kusiyanisa kwete chete "chena" uye "dema", asi zvakasiyana noruvara "vachena". vanhu ava kunzwisisa kuti kuzvibata pamba, kubasa, muchikwata kutamba zvimwe mabasa. The mwana kungoti rinoteerera mukuru kusangana zvavanoda uye zvido.
4. Vakura vanhu nedanho socialization zviri tenzi zvimwe unyanzvi. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chete vanoziva mukuru pasi pezvakaitwa kunenge socialization. In vana, socialization zvinoumba chete zvinotikurudzira vamwe maitiro.

Kana socialization zvisingaiti ...

It saka zvinoitika kuti mamiriro ezvinhu socialization vomwana zvachose kukodzera uye hachibatsiri kazhinji akagamuchira nemitemo. Izvi zvinogona kufananidzwa aine bara: kwacho zvakwatanga, asi haina kuzadzisa zvinodiwa chinangwa. Sei dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kundikana socialization?

1. Dzimwe nyanzvi vangati pane kubatana pamwe nepfungwa uye kundikana socialization.
2. Kundikana socialization zvakare muna chiitiko kuti mwana ari azvaiitwa vachiri zera kwete mumhuri, uye nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana nemasangano: nherera, mwana kumusha.
3. Chimwe zvikonzero kukundikana socialization - hospitalism vana. Kureva, kana mwana inopedzera yakawanda nguva mukati mamasvingo zvipatara. Nyanzvi dzinoti nedanho socialization vana vakadaro vane akambokanganiswa, uye regai kuwirirana kazhinji akagamuchira nemitemo.
4. Uye, chokwadi, kundikana socialization angava zvakaitika simba zvakare simba pamusoro nomwana nhau, terevhizheni kana Indaneti.

Panyaya resocialization

Zvatakurukura siyana dzemagariro zvikonzero - kufambisa masimba nedanho socialization mwana, uyewo tinofanira kutaura mashoko mashomanana uyewo nezvedambudziko akadai resocialization. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, azvaiitwa mhiri vana. Izvi ichokwadi, asi kana tiri kutaura pamusoro rusununguko. Kureva mwana pachake haagoni pakuziva kuti ayo tichizvibata zvakaipa uye vachifanira kushandura chinhu. Zviri inoitika chete vakuru. Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro vana, ipapo kuchimuka mubvunzo paiya inonzi kumanikidzwa apiwa socialization. Kana mwana ari kungoita dzidzisazve chii chinodiwa kuti upenyu huzere munzanga.

Saka, kuzodzosera socialization - inofanira kudzidza mwana dzemunharaunda itsva uye tsika, mabasa uye unyanzvi pane kare kugamuchira uye kwenguva yakareba. resocialization nzira zvikuru zvizhinji. Asi nyanzvi dzinoti kurapa ichi - inonyatsobudirira uye vakarongeka nzira, kana isu nezvazvo vana. Chaizvo vechiduku ava kushanda unyanzvi, uye kunze, zvingava kupedza nguva yakawanda. Zvisinei, migumisiro yacho nguva dzose zvakanaka. Kunyange kana mitemo nenheyo kundikana socialization ane kushandiswa kwenguva refu mwana.