Nhoroondo AvtoVAZ. Interesting mashoko uye mifananidzo

Mune 60s remakore rapfuura yakabereka pezvitsiga inoverengeka motokari iri USSR. "The Cossacks", "Volga" uye "Moskvich" richaramba nokusingaperi kuyeuka vagari vomunyika yedu sezvo zvomunguva yakapfuura nguva idzodzo kure. Asi muSoviet Union panguva iyoyo akanga asina kukwana motokari. Vakanga aitenge kuwana pamusoro pamusika rakashama. Michina yakagoverwa pamusoro mumutsara guru mabhizimisi.

Kusangana kuwedzera kudiwa mana vhiri motokari, chisarudzo chakaitwa utungamiri munyika kuvaka fekitari itsva motokari. Sezvo aronga, aifanira kutora mutungamiri chinzvimbo mufambi motokari mukugadzira indasitiri. Kubva nguva uyu kunotanga nyaya AvtoVAZ. kuvaka Its akatora nzvimbo nokukurumidza (2 nguva kudarika akaronga). muzvigadzirwa kutenderera midziyo vakasikwa kwete mafekitari of USSR, asiwo zvimwe mugovanisi nyika, uyewo US uye nyika dzokuEurope.

mukusika chirimwa

Volga Automobile Plant kwakasarudzwa kuvaka muguta Togliatti. Kuti aite izvi, utungamiri munyika akapedzisa muna August 1966 chibvumirano rokuItari hanya "Fiat", iro rakabatsira pakuvaka motokari vaRafa. Havana chete aifanira kuvaka hombe yakazara kutenderera kugadzirwa, kuti yakakodzera zvokushandisa, asiwo kudzidzisa vashandi.

Nhoroondo AvtoVAZ muna Togliatti, kunyange panguva padariro pakusika vakasangana diki chiitiko. Chokwadi chokuti Logo zvitsva muchiso nemotokari vakwira vemifananidzo Soviet. Sketch pfungwa aiva mumwe vatungamiri guru A. Dekalenkovu. Asi kuti Logos ava vokuItaly. "Fiat" mapepa matatu okutanga akasikwa kukanganisa. Muguta "Tolyatti" zita tsamba "Ini" akazviratidza «R» mugumisiro tsamba. Kuroorana nokukurumidza kutsiviwa.

Zita chirimwa haana kusarudzwa nomuenzaniso nevamwe Soviet-yakaitwa, izvo makadanirwa Somuenzaniso, Ulyanovsk uye Gorky. Izvi zvakaitwa kubva enyika yakarurama. Zvikasadaro, "kudzivisa kukodzera majee zvaisazova zvinobvira."

kutanga

Kunyange asati apedza kuvaka chirimwa akatanga kudzidzisa. akakurumbira motokari "Zhiguli" - - Vaz-2101 Vongai nesimba basa vashandi, muna 1970 6 "masendi" wokutanga dzakabudiswa.

Kudiwa motokari yakanga zvokuti pakutengeswa ishoma chete kugadzirwa kugona. Mugore rokutanga vakanga kusunungurwa uwandu 100 zviuru. Pieces.

Nhoroondo AvtoVAZ (mufananidzo wokutanga motokari vakaisawo Papera) inoratidza kukurumidza kukura vaRafa ichi. Anenge kubva pamakore okutanga Implementation yakanga nezvezvandaifanira ekisipoti.

Muna 1973, Vaz-2101 vakatanga kupa pamusika nyika. Zvisinei, muchiso ichi raifanira zita muna vakanciq. The zita "Zhiguli" muchiFrench ruzha se "Gigolo" (murume, kutamba nokuti mari).

Nokufamba kwenguva, chiratidzo "vakanciq" akaberekwa nokuda mumhuri mutengi. "Vakanciq" anomiswa zvibereko.

Kuwedzera kugadzirwa havukavu

Nhoroondo kukura AvtoVAZ zvawave. Pashure pakatanga kugadzirwa muna 1970 uye misika nyika, itsva yemashoko michina kunge yakatanga. Ndivo Vaz-2102 uye Vaz-2103.

Muna 1980, Soviet Union vaipinda mitambo yeOlympic uye akaiswa pamusoro conveyor "Zvishanu" (Vaz-2105). Zvisinei, mienzaniso iyi kunyange uye tainakidzwa ane enviable vade asi achiri kupfuura zvakakurumbira munhoroondo chirimwa kwaiva "Six" (Vaz-2106). Akanga asunungurwa kupinda kugadzirwa muna 1976.

AvtoVAZ kugadzirwa vanokwanisa apiwa mafekitari shanu. Kubva 1966 kusvika 1991 nayo yaisanganisira Belebeevsky chirimwa "Avtonormal" Skopinsky uye Dmitrovgradsky Auto uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. Plant, TPP Vaz uye "AvtoVAZagregat".

"Kopeika" uye "veTroika"

Kuyeuka mhando dzose AvtoVAZ (nhoroondo motokari Rafa), haagoni asi kubhadhara mutero mwana wake wokutanga. Ndivo Vaz-2101 uye Vaz-2103. "Sendi" First yainzi yokupedzisira maviri digits ari muenzaniso nhamba yevanhu. The motokari yechipiri vakatanga kureva "veTroika."

"Kopeika" akanga dzakashandisa mamiriro Soviet Migwagwa Sedan womuenzaniso Fiat 124. In zvipfuwo motokari yakanga yawedzera pasi Clearance kubva 110 kusvika 175 mm. Uyewo Developers Mawanza mabhureki uye kuturika. muchina uyu aiva chiratidzo yaitonga Soviet Union yacho 70s motokari. "Kopeika" akazova muvambi sedans vane rwemberi vhiri drive-chinja mhando "ainakidza".

Nokukurumidza pashure wakaburuka kubva conveyor rokutanga "sendi" akaiswa kugadzirwa kuti "veTroika". Panguva iyoyo inonzi "muumbozha" muenzaniso. Raiva reworked kwazvo "sendi". Cherechedzai rwakabhadharwa kuna kugadzira. Motokari yakanga mwenje mina, Chrome zvinhu uye nani dashboard.

Zvinotevera yemashoko pakukwana

Kamwe Akasunungura vaviri vokutanga yokutevedzera motokari, nhoroondo AvtoVAZ ane zvakawanda dzakakurumbira okunatsiridza ari "sendi". Pashure restyling wake zvakakomba zvaiiswa pamusoro conveyor pamusoro Vaz-2104, 2105, 2106 uye 2107 aiva "Six" The akakurumbira zvikuru pakati pavo. Yaiva kumumvuri of Fiat 124 Speciale. Kwemakore anopfuura 30 kugadzirwa muenzaniso uyu chatengeswa mamiriyoni 4,3 Vaz-2106.

It vakatengesa zvakanaka, uye vamwe vatatu mavanga mota. Designers vakava mufashoni panguva iyoyo rectangular headlights. The mukati akanga akachinjwa zvakakomba. Also upgraded injini motokari. "Six" uye nhasi iri kuonekwa chaizvo nevakawanda muchina.

Models 80s

Nhoroondo "AvtoVAZ" iri 80-ies wekupedzisira remakore, inotiudza itsva padanho kugadzirwa. rudzi rwose itsva "Sputnik" motokari kunge yakatanga panguva ino. Nokuti runoenzanirana indekisi mukamuri, kufanana yapfuura yokutevedzera, vanhu vaimudana motokari "masere". Rakanga hwokuratidza achikanganisa serin'i mberi magumo. "Zvivezere" achiri akadana kuti Vaz-2108.

The muenzaniso ane itsva injini, gearbox. Aiva pamberi-nemavhiri. Maumbirwe motokari yakanga yakawanda aerodynamic, zvichienzaniswa mota yapfuura. The muviri aiva simba mamiriro. muenzaniso uyu yakazokudziridzwa pavanoparidza motokari hofori Porsche. VokuGermany akabatsira wechipfuwo mugadziri pakasikwa zvinhu zvose kunze magadzirirwo.

Kwapera nguva kutengesa Vaz-2108 aine-musuo shanu muviri mhando hatchback uye Sedan.

midget "Oka" yakazokudziridzwa mukupera 80s. kumumvuri Its aiva Daihatsu Cuore mharidzo 1980. Zvadaro, kunze AvtoVAZ, "Oka" rakabudiswa kwakaita "SeAZ" uye "KAMAZ".

Dyarai pashure pokuwa USSR

Kuparara Soviet Union akagumbuka chaizvo nemashoko makuru uye zviduku maindasitiri mazhinji, kusanganisira AvtoVAZ. History of chirimwa kunoratidza kuti hofori kuti imotokari ruzivo panguva ino yakadzika uye kwenguva refu dambudziko.

Chokwadi ndechokuti mumazuva urombo AvtoVAZ, chirimwa akasangana chinhu chakadai "makwikwi." Kusvikira nguva ino vatengi Soviet kutenga motokari kuuya kubva gungano mutsetse nokukurumidza chaizvo. Asi zvino nyika nemafashamo pamwe mufashoni, kunyange zvazvo mota wechipiri-ruoko yokumwe-yakaitwa.

Munguva Soviet, mutakurwi mota mudzimba kugadzirwa nani zvishoma. Naizvozvo, sezvo tichienzanisa kupinza motokari, havafaniri kumira kusvika kuongororwa. Chirimwa aifanira kudiwa kuderedza. Vanopfuura 25% mabasa kucheka. Kunyange akabatsira inotsigira hurumende. Kuti equalize kudiwa motokari vavatorwa mudzimba dzakanga dzatangwa dzakakwirira tsika mabasa. Asi hazvina kubatsira.

Employment mumamiriro ezvinhu yedambudziko

History inotaura AvtoVAZ kundiomera mazuva ano kuti kambani. Kushomeka kudiwa yechinyakare motokari yakanaka, kutamburira kuti vaiva ebhizimusi haana kubatsira mbudo kubva dambudziko.

Uyezve, mari ichaita dambudziko chave nokuderera nhau. State anotsigira bhizimisi kufa zvakasimba. Asi vaunganidza matambudziko zvemukati uye kwokunze hazvigoni kugadziriswa nezviyero izvi.

zviitiko zvakawanda kuba mishonga uye zvinoriumba vave wagadzirirwa. Vakanga hombe, kunyange yakawanda kambani. Muna 2009, kuderera rokutengesa aiva chinyorwa uye akanga 39%, ichienzaniswa 2008.

Kuti aponese nyika guru motokari chirimwa zvaida mari yakakura. Kunotangwa Anti-dambudziko matanho. Pakusarudza wayo matambudziko nechinzwano kwokunze, kambani aigona kudzokera netsoka dzavo.

Kubva Crisis

Kuramba zvakadzama dambudziko nazvo AvtoVAZ. History of chirimwa ane makore anopfuura 15 dzakaora, tariro kugadzirwa mu pasi kudiwa. Zvisinei, zvibereko akanga achiri kuwanikwa. Muna July 2009, chibvumirano chakaitwa pakati "Technologies Russian" uye kambani Renault-Nissan. "AvtoVAZ" Authorized Fund kwakasarudzwa kuwedzera. It paakapiwa mamiriyoni 240 euros Renault-Nissan boka (yaiva 25% migove zvose) uye katatu uwandu "Technologies Russian" (Saka kuwedzera basa rayo muguta guru mvumo ne 44%). The kambani iri "veTroika nhaurirano" panguva imwe chete akarasikirwa 17.5% kuti mugove wayo.

Uyezve, kwakasarudzwa kupa nzvimbo mukuru mugadziri Steve Mattin, vakambotadza akabata chete nzvimbo mumapoka pose akadai "Mercedes" uye "Volvo". Zvakatanga nguva nezvishoma kupora.

The post-Soviet muenzaniso motokari

AvtoVAZ, nyaya zvisikwa uye basa iye aiziva zvakawanda nemateru nezvisingafadzi, mune imwe nguva dambudziko dzinoratidzwa duku update yokutevedzera. Saka, pakutanga 90-ies wekupedzisira remakore rimwe mashoma itsva mienzaniso yaiva Vaz-2110. Raiva Sedan abuda nenheyo "Group of Vasere". motokari iyi yaiva muviri zvikuru yepakutanga uye zvokunyaradza nepurani.

Akamutevera makore anenge 10, kurimwa haana kuziva zvinokosha upgrades. The dambudziko rakawira pasi vachibudirira chirimwa pamberi, dzakachinja mabhora ose kwayakaita. Chete muna 2003 pahwaro «GM-AvtoVAZ" pamwe kwavanoita kupinda kugadzirwa Chevrolet niva. Kwapera gore, kugadzirwa sedans, hatchbacks uye "Kalina" mhando chiteshi ngoro yakatangwa Togliatti.

2007 ndipo pakabudiswa muenzaniso itsva motokari hofori vakanciq Priora. Havi nevatengi kudiwa muna 2011 yokutsiva "Kalina" rakasvika isingadhuri shanduro "Grant". Muna 2012, kugadzirwa ari kumhanya ari dzakachinja shanduro Renault Logan yezvisikwa mhando vakanciq Largus.

Museum of AvtoVAZ

"AvtoVAZ" Kunetseka ane akapfuma kare. Saka hazvishamisi kuti ine yayo miziyamu. Ndiye mumwe kupfuura zvivako izvozvo munyika yedu. The Museum of History iri AvtoVAZ muna Togliatti. Zvinonzi kuna aizivikanwa kwete chete zvipfuwo, asi dzimwe pezvitsiga "vakanciq".

miziyamu Izvi chete kunyanya zvainoreva nhoroondo chirimwa Exhibits. Pane ari kutanga aita pashure pokuwa Soviet Union "Grant" muenzaniso "Largus", "Kalina". Uyewo ari miziyamu ungawana michina kuti havachinei chinhu kuti haasi mukugadzira, asiwo mumigwagwa nyika yedu angangotadza kuona.

Nhoroondo yose zuva muti mamiriro nguva yokutanga anochengeterwa masvingo yakakurumbira miziyamu. Rokutanga "Cherry" sendi chinozoiswa kuburikidza yayo samambure zvavakanga vachida kuita, zvino kunoratidzwa pano. It vakavhiyiwa nomwene wayo kwemakore anenge 19 apfuura. Akatambidza kusvika miziyamu muna 2000, iyo akagamuchira chipo motokari itsva, ichangobva atanga kuti kutengeswa.

A shoma zvinonakidza zvinhu

A Nhoroondo pfupi AvtoVAZ kwaizova kukwana pasina zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, "Field" (kana Vaz-2121) yaiva chete mumhuri motokari, izvo nokusingaperi yaitengeswa Japan.

Guta apo motokari fekitari, aimbova ainzi Stavropol yakavakwa. Asi muna 1964 zvakanzi kunzi mune kukudzwa General Munyori Communist Party kweItaly Palmiro Togliatti. Akafa pakashanya kuna "Artek" panguva kwakadzama pamusoro vadyi kugadzirwa remangwana mumusasa vana.

Mugadziri mukuru "niva" P. M. Prusov anoti zita hwakapiwa motokari netsamba yezita mwanasikana wake (Nina uye Irina), uyewo vanakomana guru rokutanga kugadzirwa wakachenjera (Vadim uye Andrei) rokutanga.

hanya nhasi

Mushure mekusangana zvakadzama dambudziko, kufunga kuri kuva netsoka dzake. AvtoVAZ munhoroondo akafanirwa kuremekedza. Pashure pezvose, pasinei nezvose, motokari kuuya kubvisa muzvikwama ake, vakanga chiratidzo yaitonga. Zvichida iye zvino vari zvishoma lagging shure kwavo dzimwe dzomuzana. Asi pamwe nekodzero nzira kunatsiridza motokari indasitiri achava zvinobvira.

Remangwana nyika yedu guru Mugadziri mota ikoko. With kurudyi nzira inogona kuunza nyika yakakura. Pashure pezvose, kunyange zvakadai mienzaniso yekare se "matanhatu" uye "nomwe" vachiri kudiwa sevagari vomunyika yedu, uye munharaunda pambiru-mugovanisi kunyika. Naizvozvo, kushandisa michina mitsva nokudzinga kukura itsva yokutevedzera paine unhu sezvo zvigadziriswe uye magadzirirwo, zvinokwanisika kuti kuona motokari hofori kuvandudza.