Yekutanga motokari munyika

Saka zvakatungamirirwa kuti munhau kusvika pakuzadzika kwekuwanikwa kukuru kazhinji kunotungamirira rwonzi rwezviitiko. Yakanga yakaita somugumisiro wechinangwa chisina kuitika kuti motokari dzekutanga dzakabuda.

Vakawanda pfungwa dzakarota dzekuvaka "motokari inofambisa". Zvimwe Leonardo da Vinci akashanda pamifananidzo yemotokari yekutanga. Ngoro dzake nechitsime chemvura panguva yeRenaissance dzakabatanidzwa mumapurisa nemitambo yevanhu. Masayendisiti eFlorence muna 2004 akadzokorora kuvakwa kwaDa Vinci maererano nemifananidzo yakasara uye mifananidzo. Izvi zvakaratidza zvakajeka kuti motokari dzokutanga dzaigona kunge dziripo panguva yevaki vepamusoro.

Asi mutauro weItaly spring motokari hauna kukurudzira kuvimba mukuvimbika kweiyo nzira. Kushanda pakusikwa kwemafano akawanda akakwana hakuna kumira. Uye chimwe chinhu chakawanikwa chakanga chakaumbwa nemichina yeRussia yainzi Polzunov inokonzerwa nemichina yakashandura. Michina yacho pachayo haina kufamba, asi yakakwanisa kushandura simba remafuta mumhepo inopisa, iyo, iyo yakaitawo, yakabatanidzwa pakugadzira mhepo mumoto. Uye iyo steam inogona kushandiswa paunyanzvi hwako. Pachikonzero chejini injini Polzunov, muumbi weFrance N. Cunho akasika ngoro yokuzvidzivirira. Yakashandiswa semotokari yekutakura zvombo. Makumbo ane steam yokugadzirisa uremu uye kukura kunogona kukwikwidzana nemamori emazuva ano. Chinhu chakakosha chete kuyerwa kwemafuta nemvura, zvakakosha kuti zvifambe. Nehuwandu hwakadai, kumhanya kwemotokari yekutanga kwaisagona kusvika 4 km / h.

Iyo injini yemhepo haina kupa zororo kwete chete kune vatorwa. Ivan Kulibin, anonyanya kuzivikanwa-akazvidzidza-akadzidziswa, akashanda pakusikwa kwemotokari. Yakarongeka yakanga yakanyanyisa kuoma kupfuura iyo yeFrench. MuKuinbinsky yekutengesa ngoro kwaive nemafuta ekugadzira, izvo zvakaderedza zvakanyanya kukosha kwekukanganiswa, mhepo inobhururuka, iyo inobvumira kuwedzera shaft speed, kuputsa uye kunyange yakafanana nebhokisi bhokisi. Zvisinei, yekutanga Kulibin motokari haina kuwana shanduro inoshanda.

Nokudaro nhoroondo yemabhizimisi emotokari yaizoenderera mberi nejini injini kana Gottlieb Daimler naKarl Benz vasina kuumba injini yepetori. Zvechokwadi, zvingava zvisina kururama kuratidza zvizere kuti vanhu ava vaviri vakakurumbira kukudzwa kwekugadzirwa kweIIC. Hazvina kururama kune vamwe 400 vanyori-vanyori, pakati pavo akanga ari injini Nicholas Otto, uyo akagamuchira peventa yejini inopisa injini.

Chimiro cheIIC chaiva chekutendeuka munhoroondo yezvisikwa zvemichina yekuzvidzivirira. Iye zvino Karl Benz anonyatsomiririra zvakanyatsoratidza izvo motokari yekutanga inokwanisa kusimbisa zvakasimba munhoroondo. Muna 1886, Benz akapindira zvisikwa zvake zvitsva - vashandi vanozvidzivirira. Sokufambisa simba mukati maro, injini ye petrol yakashandiswa. Zvinoshamisa kuti, mumwe muGerman, akagadzira, Gottlieb Daimler, anogadzira varwi vakafanana. Muchiitiko ichi, vanyori vaviri vakashanda vachizvimirirana. Pasinei nokuti Daimler akasika motokari yekutanga uye motokari gore rakapfuura, vatambi vemotokari vakawana mabiko eBenz.

Motokari dzemotokari dzeKar Benz dzakanga dzakatarisana nemagetsi maviri. Panzvimbo pemabhiza, vaidzingwa nejini ye petrol nemvura inotonhora. Iyo injini yakanga iri munzvimbo yakanyanyisa pamusoro pechidimbu chemashure. Mhepo yacho yakatambanudzirwa kune yakasungirirwa neketani mbiri uye rimwe bhanji rokutya. Kutanga injini, muumbi wacho akaisa galvaniki bateri. Pasinei nokuti chimiro chemotokari chacho chaive nemataipi machute uye chakanga chakaoma kwazvo, uye kasi yepamhanho iyo mutyairi aigona kutarisa haina kudarika 16 km / h, ichi chaive kufambira mberi kunowanikwa munhoroondo yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi. Yaiva aya makateti akazogonesa vagadziri kuti vagadzire mafambiro emazuva ano.