The vavambi makaziva. Great kuvamba vanhu

Famous vanotanga nyika ndakasika zvizhinji anobatsira zvinhu vanhu. Vabatsirwe kuti vanhu haringanzi dzakanaka. Vazhinji penya zvakawanwa ndakaponesa vanopfuura mumwe upenyu. Ndavapiko - the vavambi, anozivikanwa nokuda kwavo nemamwe mazano?

Archimedes

Murume uyu akanga asina chete yemasvomhu kukuru. Pamusana kwaari nyika yose aiziva kuti yakadaro girazi uye kukomba chombo. Imwe yenzira dzakanakisisa anozivikanwa zviitiko - Archimedes sikuruu (auger), vachishandisa izvo zvinoita kuti zvinobudirira bailing. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti kwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa nhasi.

Leonardo da Vinci

Vavambi, inozivikanwa pfungwa dzavo penya havasi vane mukana ashandurire pfungwa chiito. Somuenzaniso, ari parachuti nepurani yakadhirowewa papepa, ndege, marobhoti, matangi, uye mabhasikoro, yakabuda somugumisiro okunyatsoshanda kubudikidza Leonardo da Vinci, kwenguva refu nguva akaramba hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo. Panguva iyoyo nyore haana mainjiniya uye nemikana kuti Implementation kuti chinzvimbo zvirongwa zvakadaro.

Thomas Edison

The muvambi of giramufomu, mufananidzo chubhu uye runhare wacho maikorofoni aiva musayendisiti akakurumbira American. Muna January 1880, vakapa bvumidzwa ive incandescent rambi, izvo akazova akakurumbira Edison pamusoro yose nyika. Zvisinei, vamwe havana kufunga kuti shasha, kuziva kuti vanotanga, inozivikanwa kuitika kwayo, aishanda oga. Kana Edison, akabatsira rimwe boka revanhu.

Nikola Tesla

Guru zvigadzirwa pamusoro shasha iyi akauya upenyu chete pashure porufu rwake. Zvose zvinotsanangurwa nyore: Tesla aiva reserved murume, kuti hapana aiziva basa rake. Nemhaka kuitwa musayendisiti polyphase mamiriro zvemagetsi kuitika sezvayakawanikwa zvakazoita kuti chidzoke ezvokutengeserana magetsi. Uyezve, iye akaumba nheyo robotics, wefizikisi zvenyukireya, kombiyuta sainzi uye ballistics.

Aleksandr Grem Bell

vavambi zhinji, nomukurumbira pamusana Zvavakawana, uye akabatsira kuti hwedu nani. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro Aleksandre Belle. Pamusana basa rake rakaoma vanhu vanogona kutaura akasununguka, kuva zviuru makiromita voga, uye zvose - nokuda foni. Bell zvakare akazogadzira audiometer - mudziyo unokosha kuti anosarudza kusanzwa; mudziyo kutsvaka pfuma - zvikabva hwemazuva simbi detector; munyika ndege yokutanga; womuenzaniso yepasi pemvura kuti Alexander pachake akadana chikepe hydrofoil.

Karl Benz

musayendisiti iyi yakabudirira chinozoiswa huru pfungwa hwake motokari ine injini. Zviri nekuvongwa iye zvino tine mukana akamufambisa kumotokari. Chimwe chinokosha kuvamba Benz - dzomunyika injini. Gare gare, kurimwa motokari kambani rakarongwa, iro nhasi anozivikanwa munyika yose. Izvi Mercedes Benz.

Edwin Land

Izvi yakakurumbira muvambi French akaita akatsaurira upenyu hwake kuna mifananidzo. Muna 1926, iye wakagona kuzarura mutsva mhando polarizer, gare gare vakagamuchira zita "Polaroid". Land akatanga Polaroid kambani rakapa patents uye mumwe 535 zvigadzirwa.

Charlz Bebbidzh

musayendisiti ichi kuBritain negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore akashanda pakusikwa wokutanga kombiyuta. Ndiye akatumidza rakasiyana mudziyo kadambari muchina. Nekuti kunyange vanhu asina zivo zvakakodzera uye ruzivo, kuedza Babbage haana kubudirira. Zvisinei, zviri kupenya pfungwa havasi akanyura kupinda yokukanganwa: Howard Aiken uye Konrad Tsuze akakwanisa kushandisa navo pakati remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Benjamin Franklin

Izvi anozivikanwa wezvematongerwe enyika, munyori, Wenyika, satirist uye yokutungamirira aivawo musayendisiti. The zvigadzirwa zvikuru vanhu, izvo akaona chiedza ngaavongwe Franklin, ichi bifocal magirazi uye kusanduka Urinary anobudisa mushonga zvishoma nezvishoma, uye mheni netsvimbo. Interesting chokwadi: Benjamin vangasimudzira asina patented chero ake zvakawanwa, nekuti aitenda kuti vose - nhaka nevanhu.

Jerome Hal Lemelson

Kwakadaro huru kuvamba vanhu sezvo fax muchina, munhu Wireless dzorunhare, zana zvoga okuchengetera uye tepi kukaseti, vave akapa kuruzhinji Jerome Lemelson. Uyezve, masayendisiti ava zvakagadzira mabikirwo nengoda uye vamwe dzokurapa namano kuti vabatsire pakurapa kenza.

Mikhail Lomonosov

Izvi kuzivikanwa shasha dzakasiyana-siyana Sciences rakarongeka yunivhesiti yokutanga kuRussia. Yakakurumbira private chakatangwa Mikhail Vasilyevich - mhepo muchina. Waifanira kumutsa Meteorological zviridzwa inokosha. Maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, izvozvo Lomonosov ndiye munyori kumumvuri ndege ano.

Ivan Kulibin

Murume uyu haana pasina chikonzero akadana chakajeka mumiririri namasere remakore. Ivan Petrovich Kulibin muduku kufarira misimboti makanika. Pamusana basa rake, isu zvino kushandisa wekushandisa mano, wachi pamwe aramu, mvura nokuita injini. Nokuti nguva akati kuvamba kunge chinhu yokunyepera buditsa. Unonzi shasha kunyange akava shoko imba. Kulibin zvino chidanai munhu anokwanisa kuita zvinoshamisa.

Sergei Korolev

In nokure zvaanofarira akanga aigarira cosmonautics, avhiyesheni zvokushandisa, kuvaka chitundumuseremusere-nzvimbo gadziriro uye chombo zvombo. Sergey Pavlovich zvikuru pave muchadenga kudziongorora. Akasika chitundumusere-musere "Vostok" uye "Voskhod", zvombo Anti ndege, "217" uye refu-siyana "212", uyewo chitundumuseremusere ndege, akashongedzerwa aine chitundumuseremusere injini.

Alexander Popov

Iye akazogadzira redhiyo uye redhiyo ndiyo musayendisiti wokuRussia. Unique chakawanikwa pakurukurwa nemakore tsvakurudzo kupinda hunhu uye kupararira.

The yefizikisi huru uye zvemagetsi injiniya akaberekwa mupristi mhuri. Alexander aiva nevanun'una nehanzvadzi nhanhatu. Nechekare yake pauduku jokingly akadana muzvinafundo, sezvo Popov aiva anonyara, dzakaondoroka, vachinyara mbudzana, anovenga kupesana uye mitambo ruzha. Muna Perm Theological Seminary, Alexander S. akatanga kudzidza wefizikisi rinonzi Gano. kufarira dandadzo yake raiva ungano nyore michina mano. unyanzvi izvi wakauya batsira mune ramangwana paaisika Popov mumuviri zviridzwa nokuda tsvakurudzo yavo inokosha.

Konstantin Tsiolkovsky

The Kuzarurwa ichi Russian muvambi chikuru akabvumira kuuya aerodynamics uye nzvimbo chirongwa kuvandudza. Muna 1897 Tsiolkovsky akapedza basa iri mhepo tanera. Kuburikidza vakazvitsaurira kwaanoita, izvozvo nokuenzanisa kurwisa zviri bhora, humburumbira kana zvimwe miviri. The vakawana date chaishandiswa chaizvo mumabasa ake Nikolai Zhukovsky.

Muna 1894 Tsiolkovsky akavaka ndege ine simbi puranga, asi mukana kuvaka mudziyo akadaro haana kuzviratidza kusvikira papera makore makumi maviri.

Panyaya. The muvambi chiedza girobhu racho - ndiani?

On pakusikwa Unit, ichipa chiedza aishanda kare. The kumumvuri yazvino mwenje vakanga neyevhu makate tambo dzaisveta nedonje pemavara. VaIjipiti vekare kudirwa mugaba kwakadaro uye mafuta omuorivhi ndokuchipisa. Vagari kweGungwa reCaspian waishandiswa akafanana mano mamwe mafuta zvinhu - mafuta. Yokutanga makenduru akaita kuMiddle Ages, raiva wakisi. Inozivikanwa Leonardo da Vinci akashanda nesimba kuti kusika munhu mwenje mafuta, asi akachengeteka chiedza mudziyo yagadzirwa nyika yokutanga negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore.

Ndichiri handiregi gakava pamusoro ndiani honorary wenyaya "vakatanga chiedza girobhu racho." Chokutanga kazhinji kunzi Pavel Nikolayevich Yablochkov, akashanda upenyu hwake hwose magetsi. Akasika kwete chete mwenje asiwo yemagetsi kenduru. mudziyo Last zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa kufukidza mumigwagwa. Wonder kenduru vakapisa uye maawa nehafu, pashure iyo janita aifanira kutsiviwa itsva.

Muna 1872-1873 gg. Russian injiniya uye muvambi Lodygin akasika chiedza girobhu racho mune ano pfungwa shoko. Pakutanga inongorira chiedza kwemaminitsi makumi matatu, uye pashure kupomba mhepo kubva chikwata panguva ino zvikurusa. Mukuwedzera, ukuru yakagadzirwa vaizviti incandescent rambi Tomas Edison uye Dzhozef Svan.

mhedziso

The vanotanga nyika akatipa mano mazhinji kuti upenyu vajairane uye zvakawanda siyana. Progress haamiri vachiri, uye kana kunyange mazana emakore mashoma apfuura ezvidzidzo hari zvose nyore ndisina unyanzvi nezvaanogona, nhasi kushandurira pfungwa chiito nyore zvikuru.