Origin mari: chikuru dzidziso zvinokonzera, migumisiro

Mari nhasi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvoupfumi masangano evanhu. Panguva iyoyowo vanhu vari kudaro kujaira pavo havana kunyange kufungidzira kuti paiva nguva apo zvidimbu izvi pabepa simbi zvidimbu vakanga kwete pamberi. Ukuwo, kwakabva uye kushanda mari vagara kufarira vakakurumbira nezvoupfumi uye vanyori venhau, vazhinji vavo kubata dambudziko iri, vachiedza kuwana mhinduro dzemibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro shanduka kwenzanga uye hurumende.

dzidziso All, masayendisiti ari kuedza kujekesa Nezvekwakabva mari iyo inogona mapoka mapoka maviri guru - rationalistic uye shanduka. Vanotsigira chekutanga izvi vanoita kubva zvinzvimbo kuti mavambo mari chokuita kurongwa chibvumirano pakati vanhu, wokumborerutsa kupanana imwe chinokosha mumwe. The kupfuura mukurumbira Rationalist dzidziso kushandiswa kare, kuMiddle Ages uye Kujekerwa Zvisinei, uye ikozvino zvinoverengeka nezvoupfumi vanoti mari - zvinonyanya kunorondedzerwa pasocial kokorodzano.

Kukura anoverengeka sayenzi pakupera kwezana XVIII-XIX emakore. Zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti zvakawanda zviri pfungwa dzakanga pasi zvikuru kwazvo kutsoropodzwa. Vakatsiviwa vatsigiri shanduka yepfungwa mari sangano. Most akatevedzana conductors kuti pfungwa iyi vakatanga Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Ricardo. Maererano navo, kwakabva mari dzavo shanduka dzaibatanidzwa zvakananga kukura pachavo ukama chinokosha-mari. Zvikurukuru azvinoita kunzwisisa nedanho kugadzirwa, basa negoho kukura uye zvachose kukosha nderwevaya chigadzirwa.

Nezvekwakabva mari zvichienderana dzidziso iyi akatsanangura kurongwa kuitwa zvimwe vanhu kwete kuchinjana mumwe chigadzirwa kune umwe, asi panguva imwe chete uye kuwana mubereko, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa mune ramangwana.

Shanduka pfungwa iri akatibvunzisisa yakabatana kwakatangira uye mashandiro anoita mari. Saka, kana pakutanga mari vaive uye kunyange netsaona chimiro kukosha, Ndokuzofungisisa vakatsaukira kwete mukuru chimiro kukosha, asiwo inzira upfumi kuwanda, uyewo huru nerokuti hazvo zvose, kusanganisira basa.

Nezvekwakabva mari - a muitiro refu zvakakwana, izvo zvinosanganisira zvikuru akasiyana akawanda nzendo. Kazhinji mugumisiro wayo kuti mari iri kuchinjwa kuva inokosha muchimiro ukoshi. Uye ichi rinoshanda kwete chete kune zvinhu zvokunyama uye zvinhu, asi pfungwa dzakadai basa, okugadzira zvinhu zvokunamata, ruzhinji pamutemo. Mabviro mari dzavo shanduka, izvo kuchiri kuenderera, vakashumira sehwaro kugovana zvose upfumi zvoupenyu zvinhu uye mabasa zviri rinoronga ino hama kukosha, uye mari, izvo kuita sehwakapararira nerokuti.

Mabviro mari, kubva pfungwa nemaonero vatsigiri shanduka yokuti kwakaita kuti zvinotevera nemiitiro zvinokosha. Chekutanga, nekuratidzwa sezvo muchimiro chinokosha mari nokukurumidza vakamira kubva ichi zvachose uremu, dzikapfeka kuti Implementation vanoverengeka paruzhinji ukama. Chechipiri, zvikuru-shanduka mari - yakareba chaizvo chichiitwa, asi panguva imwe chete - wechisikigo, saka hapana Zvinorayirwa kumusoro havagoni kunyangarika. Chechitatu, basa rinokosha yose shanduka mari akabatanidzwa State ravakanga kunge imwe ariko kupfungwa wehurumende simba. Hurumende akatora pamusoro Implementation inokosha yakadai mashandiro sezvo ari akabuda mari yesangano, kutsunga kwavo chezita kukosha, kunyange tsanangudzo ane zvokunze mhando mari. Kunyanya basa hurumende iri mari mutemo kunowedzera panguva pane Kuramba ndarama zviri mari, uye mujenya akasiiwa simba pakarepo.