Prague Astronomical Clock: nhoroondo uye sculptural kushongedzwa

Prague Astronomical Clock (Orloj) - Ages wachi shongwe, yakaiswa muPrague musi Old Town Square. Vari riri kurutivi rwezasi rusvingo peshongwe the Old Town Hall. By zera izvi hazviiti wachi chinzvimbo wechitatu munyika. Panzira, vakura chaizvo, asi ichiri kushanda.

Oh, Prague sei zvakanaka Astronomical Clock! Orloj ine zvitatu zvinokosha akaisa pamusoro peshongwe vertically. Its nechepakati chikamu tenzi vakapakata muchadenga raundi, iyo inoratidza reBhabhironi, Old Bohemian, ano (Central Europe) uye sidereal nguva, nguva zuva uye kwezuva, mwedzi danho, nzvimbo nyeredzi pakati zvinyamutanhatu, wakaumbwa ari zodiacal denderedzwa.

Kumativi maviri yokuongorora zvomuchadenga wachi vari nenhamba kuti kufamba ose awa. Pakati pavo chinokunda ose Death chifananidzo, akaita muchimiro munhu marangwanda kwevanhu. Pamusoro, kurudyi nekuruboshwe divi musimboti ibwe chivezwa ngirozi mahwindo duku mbiri akaisa umo ose awa, kana achinzwa That chiming wachi, rave kuonekwa mifananidzo vaapostora 12. Above unogona kuona ibwe chifananidzo chekerubhi yendarama jongwe uyo anochema kana vapositori kupedza nomudungwe yavo.

Under yokuongorora zvomuchadenga raundi anoiswa karenda, iyo unogona kuona mwedzi kwegore, neSvondo, zuva revhiki, uyewo asingachinji mazororo dzechiKristu. Kodzero uye rworuboshwe uyewo sculpted yakanyungudutswa vakagovera.

chikomborero

Prague Astronomical Clock muNzvimbo neshongwe Old Town muzvivako. Muna 1338 vanhu pamusoro Old Town chamambo Johwani Luxembourg ropafadzo yokuva woga Hall. Pashure paizvozvo, nokuti mumaguta kushandiswa zvakanzi waakatenga muchihwande imba zvomutengesi Volfina amabwe. Pakutanga, chivako yakavakwazve maererano nezvinodiwa City Council, uye ipapo 1364 zvakanzi akashongedzerwa neshongwe. On zvakanga wachi, iyo yakatanga kutaurwa 1402. Zvisinei, nokuda vakaregeredza Nokuraramisa aifanira kudzitsiva nokukurumidza, saka kuti akasikwa Orloj.

Saka, tinofanira kuramba kuongorora zvakare ari Prague Astronomical Clock. The raundi iri muchadenga uye zvemaziso dzokurinda ndiwo zvikamu mukuru wachi, ravakwa 1410. zvinhu izvi zvakasikwa Mugadziri Wemawachi Mikulas pamusoro Kadan chirongwa nyanzvi uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu John Schindel. The muchadenga raundi ine sculptural magadzirirwo yaibereka wekishopu iri rakakurumbira Czech muvezi uye mapurani Petra Parlerzha. Orloj chokutanga ataurwa gwaro yomusi waOctober 9, 1410. Mariri Mikulas pamusoro Kadan kunoratidzwa ive watchmaker inozvikudza uye akaziva akasika chime pamwe astrolabe rekare nzvimbo kuPrague.

Sezvineiwo, pepa iri, City Council uye meya mhosva mhizha Albert (aimbova muchengeti) nokuda kuregeredza mamwe rapfuura wachi kutarisirwa uye Mikolas rumbidzo nokuda basa rake kwaishamisa. Gwaro akatiwo kuti somubayiro basa nenyanzvi kuti imba pasuwo reguta Gavelskih, 3000 Prague masendi imwe-nguva kubhadhara uye kwomugove masendi 600 pagore.

nhoroondo chikanganiso

Chimwe ruzivo muvhidhiyo pamusoro Orloe akazviratidza muna 1490. Yakanga iri watchmaker Yan Ruzhe Prague, rinozivikanwa Tenzi Hanus kwakagadzirwa mudziyo, akati tanga kutamira chivezwa of Death ezasi dhayira nekarenda. Izvi hunoshamisa enhancements uye makore 80 kusaongorora creators kwaitwa yokuti ndiro tenzi Hanus wokutanga mamwe makore 450 kwainzi Musiki wachi. Historical zvakarurama akanga kunyange mumatauriro ngano, maererano iyo nhengo Prague Council akarayira kuti nyanzvi kuona kuti basa rake aisagona kudzokororwa Hanuš kumwe. ruzivo Izvi zvinonyanya kwakapararira pakati vakadzidza nemhaka munyori Alois Jirasek, wedzera kuti avo "Czech Legends wekare" (1894).

In Yana Ruzhe, pamwe akanga ane mwanakomana, uyo kwemakore akawanda akanga amubatsira. Ndiye akatarisa muchadenga wachi kusvika 1530. Izvi zvichienzaniswa watchmaker Jakubom Cech, musiki wokutanga inotakurika Czech maawa. At Yakub aiva mudzidzi, uye Orla akasiya pasina rubatsiro rwakakwana.

Muna 1552 akagadzwa kuti vashumire Prague Astronomical Clock Yana Taborskogo. Iye akagadzira uye upgraded chigadzirwa, uyewo kuisa pamwe ake hwokugadzira mirayiridzo nzwisisika. Zviri Mugwaro iri kwenguva yokutanga Yang tabhori zvisiri anodana musiki Ian Chimes Rouge. Kukanganisa yakaitika nemhaka sizvo kududzirwa vakanyoresa nguva. Muna 1962, zvakanga yakagadzirisa Czech nyanzvi uye wenhoroondo Zdenek Gorski, inodzidza nhoroondo nesayenzi.

Ruponeso wachi

Mumazana emakore akatevera, Prague Astronomical Clock akamira kakawanda nokuda kwokushaya vachengeti nyanzvi uye vaviri nguva pakugadzira vakanga. Muna 1629 uye a1659 maawa azvaitwa vakanga pasi zvokugadzirisa, panguva yavakanga vanorova kuti mashandiro yave akatama pasi kubva pashongwe, uye mufananidzo Death akazviratidza emapuranga "shamwari." Panguva ino kugadzira sangano iri yakavanzwa chete ari Moon, achiratidza ayo danho hwakagadzwa.

Rose emakore vakamira rakamira Prague Astronomical Clock. Prague ari XVIII remakore haana kuteerera avo yakaoma ezvinhu. Kana muna 1787 tenzi vakavakazve guta horo Orloj kunyange aida kuisa chinyorwa simbi. Maawa kuponeswa kubva pakuparadzwa vashandi of Prague Clementinum: Musoro Observatory Professor Strnad Antonin akaita dzinopiwa nokugadzira pamwe watchmaker Simon Landspergerom kusvika 1791 ikakuruma akaigadzira. Kutaura zvazviri, akakwanisa kumhanya chete wachi mudziyo, uye ane astrolabe zvakakuvadza uye akaramba.

Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, yakanga akawedzera kubvongodzwa mifananidzo vaapostora. Overhaul of wachi chaiitirwa mumakore 1865-1866: nhengo dzose mashandiro kunge akaruramisa, kusanganisira astrolabe, jongwe figurine chakawedzerwa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kana emhizha Manes Josef embellished nechepazasi karenda tikachirega. Uye kudzora rakarurama sitiroko nyanzvi makasimbisa chronometer Bozheka Romuald.

dhemeji

A yakawanda vemifananidzo akasika Prague Astronomical Clock. Czech Republic vanodada nhindi unyanzvi ichi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti yave akaita chaizvo kukuvadzwa pakupera Yechipiri World War wachi. MuPrague, muna 1945, May 5, vakamumukira Anti-Nazi yakatanga. Muguta kurwa rakanga kwese, vaiva akavaka kwezvinovharidzira. Zvikurukuru Kuramba musazonetsanazve chakaitika pakati, pedyo pakuvaka Czech Radio, rakanga rakundwa vapanduki. Vapanduki tichibatsirwa imwe redhiyo wokutepfenyurisa wakaiswa pamusoro peshongwe Old Town Hall, kutepfenyura kukumbira muCzech vanhu.

MuPrague, zvakanga chikamu "nepakati" Germany Army Group. Vakaedza kuisa pasi kupandukira uye kuti dzivaidza nhepfenyuro. Uto reGermany kupfura chivakwa Old Town Hall kuti flak incendiary projectiles, zvichiita May 8, 1945, zvakanga dzakaparira. Ipapo muchadenga wachi zvakaipisisa damage moto: Astronomical ngarurege yakadonha pasi uye karenda raundi uye emapuranga yakanyungudutswa vaapostora vakapiswa.

kupora

Zvinozivikanwa kuti July 1, 1948 chime vakanga reconstructed nehama yakazara Jindřich uye Rudolf Vesetskie pakugadzira wakaputsika uye curved zvikamu rwokufamba akaruvaka zvakare, uye nyanzvi yematanda itsva akaveza mifananidzo vaapostora. Last kuduku kugadzira pakati wachi yakaitwa muna 2005. Nhasi, ndicho kusikwa 3/4 ine kare zvikamu.

Astronomical raundi

Nei vanhu vakawanda kudaro kuda kuona Prague wachi? Astronomical zviratidzo vanoratidzwa Paaidzidzisa, kusimbisa vose. The raundi pakati wachi chiri astrolabe, akashongedzerwa pamwe nemotokari kubva wachi hurongwa. Orloj anotamba Ptolomeevskoe geocentric maumbirwo kwenyika pakati ndiye Earth pakavakirwa dzitendererane mwedzi uye zuva.

Maererano vachiri kumashure ruvara muchadenga dhisiki unoratidza pasi uye denga, zvinotevera zvinhu kufamba: rokunze mhete uye nyeredzi, zviratidzo vatambi uye Moon uye Sun Kutenderera vakaroorana nendarama ruoko uye asiterisiki pakupedzisira. Kusiyana zvavo wachi, pano Kutenderera kwete.

karenda raundi

Chii inozivikanwa zvikuru Prague Astronomical Clock? Calendar wachi yacho wachi vakatanga akagadzirirwa Yanom Ruzhe (Hanuš tenzi) muna 1490. Zvinozivikanwa kuti chime pakutanga painyanya chete isinganzwisisiki raundi. Wokutanga karenda Disc, zvinosuruvarisa haana vakapona. Shanduro Its ano akasikwa kubudikidza archivist K. J. Erben kubva kuPrague paigadziriswa makore 1865-1866, yakavakirwa vachirarama makopi muna a1659, rakanga yakavakirwa sokunyorwa yekare. Mumakore 1865-1866 karenda dhisiki kupendwa rokupenda Manes Yozef. Ndokusaka kazhinji kunzi dhayira Manes.

The sculptural kushongedzwa mabhero

We nechekare sei kudana Prague Astronomical Clock. Orloj - zita ravo rechipiri. Zvivezwa, akajeka nayo, vakasikwa emakore akawanda. Ndokusaka vasina chimwe okusika pfungwa. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti ibwe mundiro dzakavezwa akajeka yokuongorora zvomuchadenga raundi, uye chivezwa ngirozi iri repamusoro chikamu wachi, kugadzirwa workshop Petra Parlerzha. Mumwe nzvimbo dzokuona akazviratidza gare gare.

Kubva nguva nenguva maawa zvivezwa reconstructed, dzimwe nguva isu akaita patsva kuti vakadzima pfungwa dzavo chikuru. Somugumisiro, nhasi zvakaoma chaizvo kutsanangura zvinorehwa mapurani pamasikiro chime.

remweya masimba

Vanhu vane Ages Mindset anodavira kuti chero mamiriro anogona kuva nezvakwakaipira zvaiitwa zvemweya mauto. Saka ivo wakashongedzwa imba yake vakarinda zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Sezvo muchadenga Wachi iri France enyika chivakwa (haina kudzivirira mutemberi), kudiwa kwakawedzera mazango. Saka, yokumusoro chikamu Prague Paaidzidzisa varindi jongwe uye basilisk ngirozi.

Pane raiiswa denga zvisikwa ngano - maviri basilisk, izvo anokwanisa kutendeutsa chimwe ziso zvose zvipenyu kuti ibwe. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane mapapiro maviri, shiri muromo, uye museve-muswe nyoka muviri. Zvinozivikanwa kuti basilisk akawana mukurumbira anoonga zita ramambo nyoka. Gilded Rooster - chiratidzo yekare kurinda uye ushingi kwazisai zuva uye zuva idzva anoiswa pasi pedenga chime. Zvinotendwa vanoti yokutanga kuchema shiri iyi anonyangarika simba zvakaipa, neushe usiku.

Central Chidhori pamusoro awa ndiwo chifananidzo ngirozi nemapapiro. mutumwa waMwari anoramba anopapamisa Ribbon nemashoko kuti nhasi hazvibviri kuverenga. Angel ndiye mukuru chidhori husiri nyore kuwana uye anosimbirira murwi pamusoro mauto rima. It rinoshandisa Musara, pasi iyo anoiswa zvachose unidentifiable dombo bhendi. Vamwe vanoti ndiwo pastiche nyoka, vamwe - mupumburu pamwe chinyorwa isingazivikanwi. On kana divi mufananidzo ngirozi mahwindo maviri vanoiswa, anoonekwa ose awa mifananidzo vaapostora 12.

Tinovimba nemi wakanakidzwa nyaya yedu Prague Astronomical Clock, uye une chido kupupurira Paaidzidzisa.