Romanticism Somunyori sangano. Romanticism mumabhuku remakore rechi19

kuyerera Uyu ndomumwe zvikuru unyanzvi zvakaitika tsika XIX remakore kuRussia, Europe uye America. Romanticism Somunyori sangano akaberekwa mukupera XVIII remakore, asi zvasvika kubudirira kwayo mukuru 1830s. Kubvira mangwanani 1850s, nguva anotanga kupinda kuderera, asi shinda dzaro dzigadzire kubudikidza XIX rose remakore, zvichipa hwaro munzvimbo dzakadai okufananidzira, decadence uye chiNazi romanticism.

The kwaita romanticism

Vaiona nzvimbo yechizvarirwo mugwara Europe, kunyanya Britain uye France, saka zita mifananidzo mirayiridzo - «romantisme». Chikonzero ndechokuti romanticism remakore rechi19 yakabuda sezvo migumisiro French Revolution.

The Revolution akaparadza yose akanyatsorongwa iripo kare, kurunga nzanga uye munzanga strata. Murume akatanga kusurukirwa, uye akatanga kutsvaka kunyaradzwa nokubheja uye nezvimwe zvinovaraidza. Against makuriro ichi, uye pfungwa yokuti zvose muupenyu mutambo umo mune vakundi uye vakundwa. The chikuru gamba munhu kudanana basa nechimwe anova murume achitamba zvakafanorongwa, pamwe magumo.

Chii Romanticism

Romanticism - zviri chinhu aripo chete mumabhuku: wokumwe, incredible uye tarenda mananara, panguva iyoyowo chokuita kutaura wacho kuburikidza dzayo pakunamata uye zvakasikwa upenyu. Vainyanya zviitiko pachena pamusoro colour ose vakaratidza chido, vose vanotaurwa zvakaratidza pachena nokuda vatambi, vanowanzoororwa rusununguko mweya inopandukira.

Vanyori Romantic yaitonga vaikoshesa nezvokuti huru kukosha muupenyu - hwemunhu ani. Munhu wese - murume yoga nyika izere zvinoshamisa runako. Yakanga kubva ipapo zvose kwaswedera zvokufuridzirwa uye yakakwirira manzwiro, uye pane tsika idealize.

Maererano harare zimbabwe, yakanaka - yokuti ephemeral, asi zvisinei ane kodzero iripo. The akakodzera mhiri zvose zvavo, saka huru hunhu uye pfungwa dzake vanopikisa ukama ose uye pfuma zvakananga.

nevamwe zvinhu

Zvinoumba Romanticism somunhu mabhuku kufamba tiri pfungwa dzinokosha uye kurwisana.

The chikuru Pfungwa dzinenge dzose chigadzirwa - chenguva kufamba gamba panyama nzvimbo. chokwadi ichi sezvo zvinoratidza kuvhiringidzika kwemweya, izvozvo mafungiro dzose kuitika uye panguva imwecheteyo - kuchinja munyika zvakamupoteredza.

Kufanana zhinji afunge kufamba, Romanticism ine kurwisana ayo. Pano, wose pfungwa inobva kunzwisisa ukama pakati protagonist pamwe kunze nyika. Ndiye chaizvo anongozvifunga uye panguva iyoyowo vapandukira benzi, anonyadzisira, zvinhu zvinhu chokwadi kuti zvimwe hwakaratidzwa nezviito zvake, pfungwa uye pfungwa chimiro. Most iziviswe munhau iyi inotevera mienzaniso mabhuku romanticism: mwana Harold - mukuru hunhu "mwana Harold outorwa" Byron uye Pechorin - kubva "Hero Chenguva Yedu" Lermontov.

Kana isu muchidimbu pamusoro, zvinoitika kuti hwaro chero chakafanana chigadzirwa - musiyano uri pakati chokwadi uye idealized nyika ine jeko chaizvo micheto.

Romanticism mu European mabhuku

European romanticism remakore rechi19 zvinoshamisa kuti munyika yaro vazhinji mabasa ake vane tarenda hwaro. Ava vakawanda nakisisa ngano, nyaya pfupi enganonyorwa.

Huru munyika umo romanticism Somunyori sangano chakanyanyooma dzinonyatsotiratidza, muri France, Britain uye Germany.

Ichi chinoshamisa rikava ane nzendo dzakawanda:

1. makore 1801-1815. Tanga kuvaka uchidanana aesthetics.
2. makore 1815-1830. The chidzoke uye pavapenyu Zvechokwadi, tsanangudzo inokosha postulates murayiro uyu.
3. makore 1830-1848. Romanticism akapfeka zvikuru munzanga chimiro.

Mumwe nemumwe nyika idzi kwakaita, mupiro yayo chaiwo kukura tsika chaiyo akati. In France, rwokudanana mabhuku mabasa aiva enyika coloring, vanyori aive bourgeoisie itsva. Nzanga ichi, maererano French nenhamba, yakashatiswa kuvimbika wacho, runako uye rusununguko mweya.

In tsika Chirungu Romanticism aripo kwenguva yakati, asi kusvikira pakuguma XVIII remakore haana kumira kunze sezvo vaakasarudza mabhuku sangano. Chirungu anoshanda, mukusiyana kuna French, azere gothic,, chitendero, National ngano, tsika, murimi mudiki uye vashandi 'shamwari (kusanganisira yomudzimu). Uyezve, Chirungu prose uye mashoko akazara akaenderei kunyika kure uye zvidzidzo kubva kune dzimwe nyika.

In German Romanticism Somunyori rwokufamba kufurirwa idealist uzivi. Zvigadziko simbi munhu akazvimiririra uye rusununguko munhu akamanikidza feudalism uye maonero wezvakasikwa zvose sechinhu chipenyu hurongwa. Zvinenge ose basa German riri yakazara zvichiratidza kwevanhu kuvapo uye upenyu mudzimu wake.

Europe: mienzaniso mabasa

Zvezvisarudzo kuoneka mabasa European mabasa chaiko zvinotevera vanoonekwa kuva mweya Romanticism:

- the bhuku "Genius chechiKristu", nyaya "Atala" uye "Rene" Chateaubriand;

- enganonyorwa "Dolphin", "Corinna, kana Italy," Germaine of Stael;

- nganonyorwa "Adolf" Benjamin Constant;

- the nganonyorwa "nokureurura mwana Remakore" Musset;

- nganonyorwa "Cinq-Mars," Vigny;

- Manifesto "Musumo" kune chigadzirwa, "Cromwell", iro rinonzi "Notre Dame de Paris" Hugo;

- Mutambo "Henry III uye dare rake", nhevedzano enganonyorwa pamusoro Musketeers, "The Count pamusoro Monte Cristo" uye "Koroleva Margo" Dumas;

- enganonyorwa "Indiana", "Wayfarer", "Horace", "Consuelo" Zhorzh Sand;

- Manifesto "Racine uye Shakespeare" Stendhal;

- the detembo "Old Sailor" uye "Kristabel" Coleridge;

- "nhetembo Eastern" uye "Manfred" Byron;

- dzakaunganidzwa mabasa Balzac;

- nganonyorwa "Ivanhoe" Valtera Skotta;

- ngano "Hyacinth uye Rose" yokufungidzira "Heinrich of Ofterdingen" Novalis;

- muunganidzwa nyaya pfupi, rengano uye Nyaya Hoffmann.

Romanticism mumabhuku Russian

Russian romanticism remakore rechi19 yakatanga pasi zvakananga simba mabhuku Western. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, yakanga pachake zvachiri, izvo anongoti nanga-nanga yapfuura nguva.

Izvi Chiitiko rikava muRussia zvakazara zvinoratidza vashandi akura uye kuipandukira kusada kuti kutonga bourgeoisie, zvikurukuru, kuti nzira kwayo upenyu - rusingadzorwi, unzenza uye utsinye. Russian romanticism remakore rechi19 rakanga rakananga mugumisiro inondimukira mwoyo uye kutarisira yakaoma kwawakabva munhoroondo yacho.

pachena kuitika maviri mabhuku panguva: mupfungwa uye yevagari. Yokutanga kwaibva tsananguro uye kuongorora manzwiro uye manzwiro; wechipiri - iri kukurudzira pakurwisa nzanga dzemazuva ano. General nepfungwa huru dzose shona ndebele ndechokuti nyanduri kana munyori aifanira kufamba maererano avo neururami yaakanga anorondedzerwa mabasa ake.

Russia: Mienzaniso mabasa

The kupfuura unoshamisa mienzaniso Romanticism muchiRussia mabhuku XIX remakore - ndiko:

- ngano "Ondine", "musungwa chillon", iro ballad "Mambo Forest", "Wehove," Zhukovsky "Lenora";

- mabasa "Eugene Onegin," "Mambokadzi nefoshoro" by Pushkin;

- "The Night Pamberi Christmas" by Gogol;

- "A Hero Chenguva Yedu" Lermontov.

Romanticism mumabhuku American

In America, zvinenge zvakanga zvishoma paya kukura: kuchava kutanga kwekupwanyiwa nayo yakatanga kusvika makore 1820-1830, pashure - 1840-1860 makore XIX remakore. zvose mumatanho chete kuchinjwa Mhirizhonga yevagari France (iyo chamuita kuti pakusikwa US), saka zvakananga uye America (muhondo rusununguko kubva Britain hondo pakati North uye South).

Artistic negwara American Romanticism anomiririrwa mhuka vaviri abolitionist, murevereri nokuti kusunungurwa kubva muuranda, uye kumabvazuva, idealized Plantation.

American mabhuku iyi kunobva neruzivo uye redefining Genres atora kubva Europe uye hwakakanyiwa nzira yokutanga uye kumhanya upenyu panguva vachiri itsva uye zvishoma kuzivana huru. American mabasa zvikuru flavoured National intonation, pfungwa rusununguko uye kurwira rusununguko.

American romanticism. mienzaniso zvinogadzirwa

- dzinotevedzana "Alhambra" nyaya "mweya mwenga", "Rip Van Winkle" uye "The Legend pamusoro Sleepy Hollow," Washington Irving;

- the nganonyorwa "The Last the Mohicans" by James Fenimore Cooper;

- detembo "The Raven", nyaya "Ligeia", "Golden Beetle", "The Fall yeimba Usher" uye dzimwe E. Allan Poe;

- nganonyorwa "The Scarlet Letter" uye "The House Nomwe Gables" Gorton;

- nganonyorwa "Typee" uye "Moby Dick" Melville;

- the nganonyorwa "Sekuru Tom kuti kabhini," Harriet Beecher Stowe;

- Huchidetemba nengano kuti "Evangeline", "Rwiyo Hiawatha", "Kudanana pamusoro Miles Standish," Longfellow;

- dzakaunganidzwa "Mashizha Grass," Whitman;

- rondedzero "Woman iri rechigumi nepfumbamwe Century" by Margaret Fuller.

Romanticism Somunyori sangano akanga zvakasimba mumhanzi, mafirimu uye kupenda - zvakakwana kuyeuka zvakawanda zvesimba uye mifananidzo nguva idzodzo. Izvi zvakaitika ainyanya nokuda unhu dzakadaro sezvo mukuru aesthetics uye manzwiro, pathos uye heroism, chivalry uye idealization zvavanhu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti makore Romanticism rakanga ravakwa pfupi-vakararama, hazvina kukanganisa kukurumbira mabhuku akanyorwa XIX remakore, mune gumi anotevera - kuti mabhuku mabasa art nguva anodiwa uye anoremekedzwa veruzhinji nhasi.