Shipping magwaro: mhando uye magadzirirwo

Panguva sangano transportations akasiyana cargoes zvose munyika yedu uye kunze rimwe nokusungwa zvinoitawo paumbwe uye kugadzirira zvinoverengeka chaiwo kuchengetedzeka. Avo vari zvifambiswe zvakananga mutoro, ane chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda ruzivo pamusoro hunhu, uwandu uye chatingatevedzera Kuronga zvifambiswe nhumbi uye kutakura mashoko pamusoro yatumira uye addressee - uyo ari kutenga kana mumwe nhumbi. mapepa Ndizvo vakawanda pfungwa anonzi kutumirwa mapepa. Zvisinei, vari zvakare rakakamurwa mapoka akawanda. Saka, chikuru mhando kutumirwa magwaro - ndiko:

• senga magwaro;
• zvinyorwa zvemari;
• approvals.

Transport bepa consignment

Munyaya ino, tichakurukura izvozvo chikamu kuchengetedzeka kwazvo rokutanga, vari kutumirwa magwaro, kana rugwaro nhumbi. Pasina zvifambiso hazvibviri. Kunosanganisira zvinokosha shamwari chiito. Zvichienderana mhando motokari iyo mikwende zvichabviswa zvifambiswe, inivhoyisi anogona siyana maererano chimiro uye kugutsikana. Special siyana chakaita kuti njanji, nepagungwa uye ndege motokari, asi vakawanda bepa akambochera nechinangwa KUTAKURA parutivi pomugwagwa, saka zvishoma zvizere akaudza pamusoro nemarori bhiri unotendwa muchimiro maererano mupanda № 4 "Rules chokufambisa kwenhumbi ne mugwagwa."

Izvi waybill iri rakapa kanenge mu uwandu makopi nhatu yatumira pakati nhumbi. Iye anoramba mukuru kopi chechipiri mukwende runopiwa anenge, uye tsime wechitatu, - mutakuri. Kana zvakakodzera, uwandu makopi zvinogona akawedzera. Kana akaita akatakura mabhegi kuti ari munhu ane pfuma, ipapo anogadzira imwe inivhoyisi autocarrier.

Nemasaini uye zviri gwaro

Sign ichi inivhoyisi yatumira uye mukwende autocarrier, richitivimbisa nemicherechedzo dzavo. Kana nengarava mairi kutaurwa kutora inotakura mikwende, wakasainwa mutyairi uyo akatora penhumbi. Forwarder pamberi mutyairi zvinyorwa zviri consignment zvakawanda uye kwazvo zvinhu nzvimbo, ayo ezvinhu, kuti nzira kavha uye kuiswa chisimbiso mashoko. Zvinoratidzwa, mukuwedzera, kugamuchirwa nguva nokuda chokufambisa pamusoro penhumbi.

Kutumirwa magwaro anofanira kusanganisira mazita nezvimwe zvinyorwa zvose padivi mukwende: .. Zvitupa, unhu zvitupa, emirayiridzo, Permissions, etc. For kutakurwa nhumbi vane mikana yose kuti kushandisa multimodal chokufambisa, umo kuti kunosanganisira-siyana nemotokari. Kubva ndege kusvikira imbwa Sled. Zvisinei, nyika chokufambisa anoramba zvikuru vakakurumbira. Panguva iyoyowo zvemakore maakaundendi yavo inobereka zvakawanda matambudziko. Vanofanira kutarira zvinogadzirisa pasango zvifambiso mutemo. Zvichakadai, kunyange kutungamirira hurumende havagoni mari dzokumabvazuva nezvehukorokodzwa ayo. Izvi zvinoratidza Zvakaitika risingaverengeki pamutemo tsananguro.

Zvinogamuchirwa chokufambisa mikana

Kutakura zvinhu mitengo uye nenhumbi chaivo, kambani anokwanisa kushandisa munhu chokufambisa, iro rinowanika huru chikamu mari - kana zvavo kurenda. Uye anogona kusaina wehurumende kondirakiti nesangano chechitatu bato kana munhu muzvinabhizimisi kupa chokufambisa mabasa. Zvisinei, kana nzvimbo mukwende vachizvitakudza nenzvimbo yaro wakurukura dzinotaurwa chibvumirano dziri munyika dzakasiyana, ipapo akashandisa Convention on Contract nokuda International uchiongorora zvinhu zvokufambisa, iyo akagumisa kuGeneva muna 1956. zvifambiso kwakadaro munyaya ino isu hatingazvirumbidzi ongorora zvizere.

Ndiani rinobatanidzwa chokufambisa

Customer basa sei pachako, akagovera zvakananga nokuda shipper motokari loading. A mutakuri - munhu akarurama ane zvakanaka basa-nyanyisa mabasa, - sangano chokufambisa. The chikuru chinodiwa kuti sangano mhando iyi - kuunza mukwende kuti addressee, nokusimbisa kuti nemhosva. Mugumisiro kwakafanana mutakuri. Zvisinei, nokuti zvahuchaita ake keriya kwete chete kunounza pachako mikwende, kana anopinda zvibvumirano (chaizvoizvo, rugwaro nhumbizve kuti ngoro) nevamwe vatakuri. Anoziva zvakasiyana siyana zviito additionality, kuti tibu- chokufambisa kwenhumbi. Somuenzaniso, achigadzirira zvinhu pakufamba, uchatamisa mukwende kubva pakutanga akaendesa kusvika kupomerwa kuti kutakurwa kuchengetedzeka, kunyoresa kutumirwa magwaro, inishuwarenzi uye chokupika tsika chokungoitawo wechipiri.

Haulier chete, kunze zvekufambisa, anotakura chete vachizvitakudza uye vachidzikisa basa. Kana consignor mutakuri dzinopa ake uncharacteristic kushanda, ipapo nyaya anogona kupindira dare naro chokufambisa kondirakiti icharamba retrained. Chokwadi, ichi zvinokwanisika mugadziriro kupesana, zveupfumi kana mutero.

Mumugwagwa chokufambisa musika kuti uzodzoka siyana mabasa uye vanozoshanda. Vanoratidza kubatsirwa mabasa vamwe "vakarondedzera" nzira pasina kugamuchira mashoko nezve kuti mukuru basa - chokuendesa mukwende kusvika consignee. Kazhinji anofanira kubata vamiririri. Chinangwa zveakaunzi - kuitira chokufambisa ari chinhu-zvinhu tsika akakodzera kuchengetedzeka, kusanganisira kutumirwa zvinyorwa, yakavakirwa iyo kambani pasina kutya anogona bvisa mutero uye akapa kutora mari yomutero kusvika kwemari. Nokuti ichi, mukuru akaundendi kunodiwa kunzwisisa kunyatsogona motokari zviito.

Documentation kuti kago

Zvisarudzo mirayiro hurumende yeRussia ngapaonekwe chinhu chinokosha schetovodnom chizvidavirire mitemo (Article 3 Federal Mutemo "On schetovodnom nhoroondo" nhamba 129). Somugumisiro, TN - ndiye kutanga chiito chose pakuuraya zvose ezvokutengeserana chokufambisa - shipper, mutakuri uye consignee. Shandisa TN akazvipira tsamba dzisingaverengeki Bazi Finance. Kunyange anopindura kuti zvimwe mitero.

Musimboti yakatarwa matambudziko - kutadza kunzwisisa kusiyana "TH" uye pfungwa "waybill". Asi kuti kuvaka zvakakodzera gwaro, unofanira zvakarurama kunzwisisa uye kunzwisisa chinangwa zvose zviripo mhando magwaro.

VT unhu panguva imwe mharidzo

Ngatitii muzvinashawo kuti anunure zvigadzirwa kusvika yeGmail.END_STRONG vakaripira mutakuri. Nokuti kunyoresa nezviito vatengesi ', iye anoshandisa invoices nokuti rakabatana chimiro nhamba TORG-12. Uye akatakura ine injini panhongonya - vari Shipping magwaro. Zvichakadaro autocarrier transports haana zvinhu, uye nenhumbi, uye zvakafanana kumapati. Direct negashiro kurwira nhumbi kuti kuenda maererano nokuwanda, siyana uye unhu haina dzika. Midziyo uye kavha nomumwe zvinhu hazvigoni kunzi, vava asingaoneki. Saka, kuti "kuchinja" nhumbi mu chaiyo zvinhu - munhu kuparadzana uye pachinzvimbo zvakaoma ezvoupfumi muitiro, rinova basa zvomutengesi-shipper.

TORG-12: mitemo achizadza

Achitaura muchimiro kutengesa-12. Inoratidza nguva inotungamirwa uye mazita nhumbi dziri mazita avo uye zviyero, iyo kuonekwa munhoroondo mutengesi wacho. Musi uyu akanyorwa zvinhu vasara wemari muzvinashawo nhamba reserved kana zvimwe zvarayirwa imwe mutengi.

Pakudzika rworuboshwe chikamu okisheni-12 pamutemo Kuzivikanwa achitengesa (munhu akabvumira mukwende vanoti uye mukuru akaundendi) asimbise nadzurudzo chezvinhu zviri penhumbi. The mukunopera kunoratidzwa pakuongorora uremu uye uwandu nzvimbo (nzvimbo). ruzivo Izvi zvakanyorwa n. 3, iro rine rugwaro nhumbizve kuti chokufambisa. Musi panzvimbo dzapasi rworuboshwe chikamu okisheni-12 rinorondedzera mukwende kuchinjirwa nguva mutakuri. It kunosimbisa siginicha ane pamutemo munyengeri ari pokutanga «Vacation nhumbi akatakurwa / akabudiswa." Cherechedza kuti autocarrier akasaina kubvuma mukwende chete muna TN.

The izwi zvakarurama yepazasi chikamu okisheni-12 inoreva musi chokuendesa nhumbi dzose, uye kwete nhumbi. Kubva nemaonero zvomutengesi, zvisinei kuti ndiani akatora penhumbi: mutengi zvakananga, consignee kana ake mumiririri (maererano nesimba gweta). Kuzadza requisites kuva chete - "Georgia kushandisa" (kana mukwende mumaoko mumiriri) kana "Cargo akatora consignee" (siginicha Izvi vanopupurirwa nechisimbiso pakati mutengi). Zvokushandisa kuti havana akaziva, vakayambukira mubasa gwaro. Uye sei hurukuro mukwende kuti gweta kuti wechikoro (yeGmail.END_STRONG-consignee) mune ramangwana - peanoita-shipper haushandi.

Kuisa zvinhu kuchanzi mutengi anoita kunze nokushandisa panguva okisheni-12 chidhindo. Kopi TORG-12 vane anodhinda pamusoro chitambi ngaabve kudzokera nomushambadzi. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo Somuenzaniso ndiyo kukosha kuita kubvuma uye kuchinjwa inotakura mabasa, wakasainwa nomukuru munhu mvumo (consignee) kubva kunomumwe mugumo zvifambiso nzira.

In musoro emaoko-12 chakaita kuti zvokushandisa "Waybill (nyaya, zuva chairo uye nguva)." Uye chipo TH n. 4, "Kutsigira pepa neyokufambisa." It inosimbisa nhamba uye musi inotungamirwa TORG-12, uye kunyange nhamba makopi aro, kufadza mutengi. Kuwanda kutsigira mapepa kuti VT muzvinashawo zvakare anokwanisa kubatanidza uye inivhoyisi.

kana mharidzo kunodiwa TORG-12

Sezviri pachena, TH-12 akaita mhindu rakabatana. Saka TORG-12 zvakazara rinowedzera kutsanangura nyaya zvifambiso. Pamwe chete, izvi zviviri mapepa zvinokosha rakaenzana consignment kucherechedza. Uyezve, wakaparadzaniswa basa bhiri Haapi mukana kuziva chii chaizvo kambani transports. In Sec. 3 "Zita zvinhu" kutumirwa pfungwa TN (nevakawanda) zita wenhumbi, uye kwete "vazvidavirire" mashoko zvigadzirwa. Somugumisiro, magwaro akadai invoices nekuda nhumbi, pasina kuvapo kwavo hakurevi abvume TORG-12 chikumbiro nzira n. 1, Art. 252 of Tax Code.