Solutions: yevasungwa vakawanda hacho. Definition, kukarukureta uye vanorumbidza

Vanobudisa wevasungwa chemhinduro ndomumwe kwakajairika redzidziso ano kemisitiri. Munyaya ino tichashandisa kunoratidza zviri mhinduro, avo mifananidzo, kushanda. Ona mimwe mienzaniso kukarukureta akasiyana siyana kuwanda.

Features zvingaitwa

The Kugadzirisa - a homogeneous ezvinhu ane shanduka sezvamunoita. Mumwe nguva dzose anoita se svikiro maviri zvinoumba mumushonga. Kuti zvichaita wokuparadza STRUCTURAL zvimedu zvimwe zvinhu. Inonzi solvent, mukati zviri kurongwa uye solute Morekuru.

Kana iwe sanganisa maviri gaseous zvinhu, muchiitiko ichi, regai kusunungura solvent. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe zvinhu zvagara wakaitwa chaiwo Masvomhu.

Kuwana homogeneous hurongwa

Kuti vawane homogeneous mhinduro kubva solutes zvakafanira kupwanya kune STRUCTURAL dzakabatana. Chete iyi gadziriro zvichaitikawo. Kana mumate zviduku splintering, zviyo zviri akaparadzirwa svikiro akagadzira colloidal zvinogadzirisa, emulsions, suspensions.

Application mhinduro

Panzira, paivakwa musanganiswa jecha, simende, mvura zvakare kunzi mhinduro, asi kubva makemikari nemaonero, ndiko kumisa. The hunoshanda zvinorehwa mhinduro inogona kunzi zvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana.

Nemakemikari zvichiitika emura dambudziko iri bhuku solvent. Izvi zvinoita kuti dziripo nokuda maitiro asina okuwedzera matanho pamusoro hurongwa. Musanganiswa ine zvakasimba nezvimedu, kuti vaite nezvinoita zvizere. Kuti paitwe acho, zvacho vanofanira kuonana pane dzimwe pfungwa. Kuwedzera maitiro mwero crystals riri pasi mumaturi, ipapo vari compressed. Asi hazvisi pakarepo zvinogoneka kusvika kukwana kwacho.

The mhinduro ndiro muitiro kunoitika zvakasiyana. Molecules kufamba akasununguka kwemotokari dzavo namakemikari transformations kuitika. The simba kuti anotanga aunonyanya ichi kuita rinoungana solvent gadziriro iri kushanda kwete neshungu.

Physical zvivako uye mumisasa yacho mhinduro

Misa chikamu zvinhu inobvumira kuti kuona quantitative nhamba solute uye solvent kutora gadziriro yavo. Metal alloys, nenzira, zvakare, muri zvinogadzirisa, asi yakasimba, dzinoratidzwa mamwe parameters chaiko.

The mhinduro anokwanisa kushandura potency yacho yakanyauka chikamu. Izvi zvinoita kuti akakurumbira mune zvokurima uye mushonga. Somuenzaniso, mhinduro ine potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) rinoshandiswa nokuda pakurapa maronda uye abrasions pamatunhu yevasungwa. Asi kubatsira uye ayo pasi yevasungwa. Nokudaro, vakawanda chikamu fuma 2-3% mhinduro anopa shoma blue, vaiti kuti gastric lavage.

Dark Violet crystals kuti potassium permanganate hadzina kushandiswa yokurapa zvinangwa, nekuti vane simba oxidizing ehupfumi. Kazhinji, kusimba ruvara kwakabatana zvakananga chii pfungwa dzake. Misa chikamu nenhumbi kugadzirisa zviri toxicity ari rakapera zvichachipedza.

vakawanda chakapatsanurwa

Sei iwe overenga wevasungwa yakadaro? Misa chikamu nefuma kunoratidzwa nhamba mukanyiwa ari pafuma kuti uremu mhinduro, sokugamuchira chikamu. organoleptic ehupfumi avo anokanganisa chete chii zvichanyungudutswa, asi zvibozwa. Somuenzaniso, kuti simba yesaline kashoma maitiro pakubika, apo pane mukuru kuwanda chinoratidza pacharo pakawanda.

In tsika zvikaonekwa nokuda wevasungwa? Misa chikamu fuma iri mhinduro kurapwa kosi pachikoro inorganic kemisitiri. Mabasa panguva tsanangudzo yacho yaisanganisira pabvunzo zvinhu kuti chikoro 9 kirasi.

Pano panotaurwa muenzaniso umo wevasungwa kushandiswa.

Yavaibvisa Chloride 25%. Weight 250 magiramu kuti mhinduro. Kuona kurema mvura zviri mukati. Kuti aite Masvomhu unofanira kutanga kufunga mukanyiwa ari fuma. Zvichienderana kukura tinowana kuti fuma iri kugadzirisa kuti 62,5 magiramu. Kuti tizive mukanyiwa mvura inofanira subtracted kubva 250 magiramu uremu zvinhu, zvinoguma 187,5 d

marudzi kuwanda

Chii wevasungwa? Weight chakapatsanurwa asingasviki zana muzana chinogona kuvapo mumushonga. In wekemisitiri, shoko rokuti "wevasungwa" rinoreva mumwe zviri solute. Kune dzakasiyana siyana nawo; asi matadza, vakawanda yevasungwa.

Somuenzaniso, kugadzirira mhinduro 80 magiramu nemvura 20 magiramu ose yavaibvisa chloride uye kusarudza mukanyiwa nezvikamu zviri pafuma iri mhinduro vanofanira kutanga kuona kurema mhinduro. Ichava zana magiramu. Pauwandu hweavo fuma zviri 20 muzana inotengwa.

Hatina vakaongorora ndeipi vakawanda hacho. The matadza wevasungwa nhamba nefuma anotora rimwe bhuku mumushonga yatorwa. Kugadzirira mhinduro ine kupiwa matadza wevasungwa, tanga kuona mukanyiwa nenhumbi. Zvino yava kwaiyerwa uye aida mari yakanyauka ari ity pamusoro solvent.

Kukarukureta of matadza wevasungwa

Saka, achigadzirira 2 litres ose mhinduro ine Kuwanda 0,15 mol / L yomunyu wokutanga guru rinowanikwa riri huri mhinduro. Kuti aite izvi, mugovane 0,15 moles por fő 2, tinowana 0,075 mol. Zvino isu compute mukanyiwa: hukapamhidzira kubudikidza 0,075 mol, 58,5 g / mol. Result - 4.39 d

Zvebasa Analytical Chemistry

Sezvo vakashandisa kuongorora makemikari dambudziko vaiona. Uchibatsirwa ake kuziva Zvinoumba musanganiswa, kuitisa chirwere miedzo, ongorora matombo. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kuona Qualitative uye quantitative Zvinoumba mumushonga.

Pakati mabasa kunowanzoitwa kuwanikwa inorganic kemisitiri, kwakaratidzwa dzakasiyana kuwanda nefuma pane imwe kukosha zvimwe zvinhu. Pachishandiswa kuedza zvinogona kuitwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kugadzirisa anozikamwa izvo matadza wevasungwa yacho achida kugadzirisa. Izvi zvinonzi titration.

Solubility uye zvokufembedzwa

The inonyanya solvent ndiyo mvura. It zvakakwana soluble pezvingoro, acids, munyu, vamwe Organic yeimwe. Kuti aqueous zvingaitwa ndivo rakajairika zvakasikwa enyika. Mvura anoita somunhu zvipenyu solvent. Zvinonzi vaiona hwaro panowanikwa zvinwiwa zvakawanda: ropa, cytosolic, intercellular zvinwiwa. Mhando dzakawanda mhuka uye zvinomera kurarama nayo ive aqueous svikiro.

Akadana solubility pfuma ane pfuma kuti mudutu solvent resarudzo. Ichi kutanga kunzwisisa kuti zvinoda kufungisisa zvimwe nuances uye peculiarities pamusoro nemamiriro solvent.

Sezvo runako Organic zvinhu anogona kutaurwa alcohols. Vanosanganisira ayo boka nhengo gidrokislnye saka vane mukuru solubility.

mhedziso

Chero mvura anogona kunzi ari solvent. Ndokusaka kazhinji kunotungamirira kune yakawiriranwa solubility kuti mvura siyana. Somuenzaniso, pakati makemikari zvinhu zvinogona kutaurwa mvura solubility esters.

Various siyana kuwanda zvaishandiswa inorganic uye makemikari kemisitiri, batsira kuitisa Qualitative uye quantitative Kutsunga zvinhu. Dzidziso zvinogadzirisa vari kudiwa muna Analytical kemisitiri, chemishonga uye mushonga nhasi.