State Regulation pamusoro Foreign Trade

Pakazosvika vatorwa mamiriro ezveupfumi zvinosanganisira siyana dzakawanda zveupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvokutengeserana ukama, dzakadai kupanana nenhumbi, pamwe uye specialization okuwana, dzichipa hwokugadzira uye zvoupfumi rubatsiro, pamwe mune zvesainzi, pakusikwa pamwe akaidza mu zvitarisiko siyana. Ukama yakadai nemhaka kukura chinokosha kugadzirwa.

State mutemo vemamwe kutengeserana ndiko chiitwa zvainanga murau uye kukura zvoupfumi ukama nedzimwe nyika. The chikuru mirayiridzo yebasa vari protectionism uye liberalism. Vari inoitwa kwete chete nokure Wholesale zvokutengeserana, asi chiri kuitwa uye mamiriro mutemo pakati chitoro kutengeserana.

Protectionism ndiyo upfumi wokuti ehurumende zvainanga kudzivirira wechipfuwo musika kubva makwikwi vanorumwe zvinhu, kana kunyange andobata misika itsva yokumwe. Liberalism akasiyana mirayiridzo mutemo, chinangwa chiri kuderedza zvipingamupinyi kuti kukura vanorumwe mamiriro ezveupfumi uye kusikwa zvinhu pachena kutengeserana.

State mutemo vemamwe kutengeserana muchimiro protectionism uye liberalism vari dzinenge kumbobvira kurarama wakachena chimiro. Kazhinji, hurumende akatambudza zvoupfumi policies, kusarudza nzira kuti zvinodiwa kugadzirisa matambudziko akananga anogona kugadziriswa munyika panguva imwe padanho okukura.

State mutemo wokuRussia wokumwe zvokutengeserana imhaka zvikonzero zvinoverengeka, nokuti dzakanangana nekugadzirisa matambudziko ane zvoupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika nemagariro evanhu zano mhiri mamiriro. Naizvozvo, hurumende, pasinei zvose zvakanakira vakasununguka zvokutengeserana, haafaniri kudzivisa inondimukira kuyerera kwenhumbi uye mabasa.

State mutemo vemamwe zvokutengeserana zvakafanira akuteerere basa; kudzivirira maindasitiri matsva; kudzivisa kutyorwa iri mari riparadzirwe; kwemitengo pamusoro dzakawanda kupanana dzowokwake; yokuzvidzivirira, mutemo uye kuti munyika; kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, upenyu uye utano; kuona kuti chinhanho nemasangano dzakawanda.

Foreign ukama zvoupfumi anotarisira mukuru zvemitemo mutumbi wehurumende national edunhu, parliaments uye congresses. Ivo dzichiita vemamwe mutemo uye rinotema mumunda dzimwe ukama, tsigira zvibvumirano uye zvibvumirano dzakawanda.

State mutemo vemamwe wezvokutengeserana achiitiswa miviri yehurumende: madhipatimendi uye neshumiro. Inoshandisa zveupfumi uye okutarisira nzira yakasiyana.

The administrative nzira dzinosanganisira Bhuku zvemitemo zviito (tsika Codes, mutemo wekambani, etc.). Zvoupfumi nzira zvinosanganisira nzira dzakadai simba pamusoro upfumi, izvo akasika yakanakisisa ezvinhu kuti kukura vanorumwe mamiriro ezveupfumi uye pakuenzanisa vachibhadhara. Nzira idzi zvinosanganisira zvakananga mari inoshandiswa ekisipoti vaifarira (dzinopiwa kubva bhajeti), dzinopiwa yokutsvakurudza uye kukura mabasa, kunanga mari kuburikidza mabhanga, iyo mamiriro allocates chaiwo anopa kuderedza anomukweretesa prices kuti exporters; zvinoderedza mari kunyorerwa kuti zvokuvakisa ose mbishi zvinhu; mutero mavanga nokuda exporters.

The Russian wehurumende anotambura dzimwe dzaishandiswa ukama nechokwadi kukura kwavo kukanganiswa asina kuparadzana masangano uye nechepakati hurumende. Foreign mabasa ari Russian Federation upfumi rinoitwa panheyo kubatana vemamwe mutemo sezvo chikamu vatorwa wokuti ehurumende uye kubatana kudzora kwaro nokuurayiwa, Zvinokosha zviyero zvoupfumi, wakaenzana vechikamu kubatana tsika nharaunda ehurumende kudzivirira kodzero uye zvinodiwa vechikamu vose vatorwa zvoupfumi basa.