The akakurumbira Russian mutambi Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fodorovna: Biography, upenyu pachake, chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo basa

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna - chinoshamisa Russian mutambi mazera 19-20, ane basa rwave chinokosha kwakabatsira pamusoro pokumuka chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo art. Her upenyu hwaiva hupfupi, asi zvikuru uye yakajeka. Kudzidza ayo mananara nyaya mabhuku akawanda, nyaya uye dissertations. Ikoko Komissarzhevskaya Theater (St. Petersburg), iye akaita akafuridzirwa vadetembi kunyora nhetembo pamusoro hwake filmed. Ichingori chinokosha chikamu Russian unyanzvi, kunyange pashure pemakore anopfuura 100 pashure kurega.

Vabereki uye makore okutanga

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna akaberekwa November 8, 1864 muSt Petersburg. mai vake - Maria Nikolaevna, mwanasikana mukuru ari Preobrazhensky chemazana chehondo, uye baba vake - yakakurumbira dhanzi muimbi muSt Petersburg Mariinsky Theatre. Akadzidziswa kuItaly, ipapo vakadzokera Russia. Vabereki Vera taroorana pakavanda, yaiva nyaya yakakura muguta. Nokufamba kwenguva, baba Maria Nikolaevna akazvigamuchira. Vaviri vakaberekerwa anenge akatevedzana vanasikana vatatu. Kutenda uye nehanzvadzi akakurira mune mifananidzo mumhepo mumba makanga yakawanda vatambi, vanodhirowa mifananidzo, musicians. The baba aiva shamwari Mussorgsky. Kutenda raiwanzosanganisira kumba inoratidza uye Concerts. Akanga inzwi rakanaka, uye baba vake vakanga vatarisira kuti aizova muimbi. Vera akaenda achishandisa zvikoro shoma, asi muropa zvakasikwa haana kubvumira kwake kudzidza nesimba. Pakupedzisira, baba akamutora kudzidza pamba.

Kuti zvose zvakachinja apo baba vake vakafa Marya Nikolaevna, iye akapiwa nhaka akatenga imwe pfuma pedyo Wilno uye akapa mwanasikana wake mukuru kudzidza zvakakurumbira Vera Institute for Noble rweVasikana. Murume wake akagara St. Petersburg, vakaramba nziyo uye havana vanozeza kutanga dzorudo itsva. Marya Nikolaevna akatora mhosva nokuda kurambana pamusoro pachavo uye kubhadhara mari, akatengesa munda. The chasara hwake iye akatungamirira upenyu murombo kwazvo. mai Vera yaiva nechokwadi chokuti chinangwa chikuru mukadzi - murume nevana. Saka kana muchato wake vakarambana, akanga wakaputsika hwose.

achidana

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna agara pedyo baba vake, pamwechete naye, vakanga hama mweya, asi kana vabereki vakaparadzana, iye akagara naye mai, sezvo nokukurumidza vakaroorazve baba. Rokutsigira mai vake nehanzvadzi, Vera aifanira kuroora, uye iye akagamuchira panyaya yokusarudza Count Vladimir Muraviev. Asi zvaiva pakarepo pachena kuti muchato rotsva. Masvosve vaifarira kunwa, aigona ari overheated hurumende kurera ruoko wake. Zvino chose tine aidanana naye munun'una Faith - Hope. Izvi kumutengesa kaviri ndakadumbirwa Pokuda mutambi. Iye naamai vake, akatora mhosva nokuda kurambana iri pamusoro uye kunyange vakapinda kuchipatara chepfungwa. Hazvina kutambura uku kwaita kuti chokwadi chokuti akavhura nechisimba tarenda guru kunoshamisa mutambi. Doctors zano zvakasimba kuwana chinhu kuti kanganisa pfungwa. Uye iye akatanga kutora kuita zvidzidzo kubva mutambi pakati Alexandrinsky Vladimir Davydov. Akaona mairi yakawanda tarenda uye zano kunyoresa mumutambo chikoro. Asi upenyu akasarudza zvakasiyana.

kutanga enzira

Muna 1890, Faith baba vakaparadzana nemudzimai wake wechipiri uye mwanasikana wake kunogara naye. Kutenda inotaura zvakawanda gitare, anobatsira baba vake nevadzidzi. Kamwe mudzidzi ainzi Stanislavsky akamukumbira kuti amubatsire ari kutamba ari kuvhima vachivata, apo mutambi aiva achirwara. Saka Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna kutanga kuisa rutsoka chaiyo theatre rwakazara. Panguva iyoyo, vanachiremba akawana aiva chirwere huro, yaiva okupedzisira uswa nezvaaizosarudza kuva mutambi. Iye kuridza basa Betsy ari kutamba "zvibereko Kuvhenekerwa" mu "Society of Art uye Literature" pachikoro kwaaishanda FP Komissarzhevsky. Season basa yemitambo vachitungamirirwa Stanislavsky aiva chikoro chakanaka uye bvunzo nokuda Pokuda mutambi. Nokukurumidza, nyika "Company" akarega Vanoratidzira zvesimba nokuda nematambudziko zvemari. Asi Komissarzhevskaya awana nzira yayo. Akaona sekurukurirano P. Kisielewski - imwe mutambi, shamwari baba vake. Akakoka naye kuridza basa Kuskovo muna zvesimba mbiri, iye sowakajeka kukurira chikumbiro.

Novocherkassk

Muna 1893, Vera akasaina kondirakiti yake yokutanga nokuda oumhizha ari entreprise N. Sinelnikova Novocherkassk. Kutenda kunotibatsira Kiselevsky yakakwirira, asi akapotsa vakafunga mano mutambi. Aidavira kuti yake muupenyu - Comedy. Uyezve, haana kuvaka pamusoro payo nokuda hombe urongwa Sezvaitarisirwa, kuti chete imwe nguva kutsiva kurwara mutambi. Basa iri entreprise yakanga hellishly zvakaoma. Mumwedzi mishanu yokutanga aifanira kuridza 58 mabasa. Izvi pasinei akanga asina ruzivo, uye mumwe nomumwe basa raida kudzidza uye kufungisisa. A Komissarzhevskaya achiri vakakwanisa kudzidza kubva navo ichiitwa dhayari raunonyora zvaanorumbidza kwavo mutambo uye akatarira mabasa. Dzimwe nguva aifanira kuridza maviri unoratidza zuva, nokuti usiku aifanira kudzidza basa. Afternoon kudzidzira, manheru - mutambo pachikuva. Izvi threading mashandiro haana kupa rusununguko nokuda okugadzira zvinhu uye kutsvaka nzira yake, asi akapa mutambo unyanzvi pachikuva, vakabatsira kuunganidza ruzivo. Basa panguva ino vakakanganisa zvikuru vasingakoshi, isina vodevilchiki, izvo zvaiiswa pachikuva uye haana kutarisira kudzama zvinoshamisa zvakaitika. Asi Vera vakavaitira pamwe chakazara kukomba, chokubata mumwe nomumwe ave chidzidzo chinokosha. Iye pachake aifanira kuva inoita wenyu, kuti-up yokudhirowa, uye kunyange mutungamiriri. Asi basa haana rwakaonekwa, uye kutsoropodzwa rinotanga kupemberera wake mutambo, pakutanga mune mashoko mashoma, ipapo mundima yose. mukurumbira wayo akakura pamwe unyanzvi.

Nokuti gore Komissarzhevskaya kunzwisisa zvishoma chivimbo, afunga mazano uye akatanga kufunga zvakawanda. Zviri yapera kutanga basa pazera 29, otanga kumhanya kuziva. Panguva ino iye anoverenga zvizhinji chakakomba mutambo uye zviroto basa iri. Entreprise chaizvo kutsigirwa pachena kuravira, uye vakanga vakaderera chaizvo, asi Cossacks aisada yemitambo zvokuva kufungisisa, asi chete Amusements. Asi yemitambo Sinelnikov, uyo panguva iyoyo zvakanakisisa azvo, achiri neapo akamboda dzakakomba nezvinobvamo Somuenzaniso, "nhamo kubva zvaiti" uye "zvibereko Kujekerwa".

Nokuti gore mutambi aikwanisa kuratidza kure, asi hazvina kuwedzera vamwe vake rudo. Kukurukura naye zvisiri nyore, nokuti zvakanga zvichiwedzera chaizvo uye ivo nevamwe. Mwaka iri pamusoro, asi haana kuwana kutarisirwa Komissarzhevskaya pfungwa kuwedzera kondirakiti. The troupe akadzoka bolevshaya Medvedev, Kisielewski akaona kuti Vera haadi kugadzirisa kuti kuedzesera vaudeville, uye akarasikirwa kufarira mairi, vatinoshanda pachikuva shanje naye, uye haana kuzvinzwisisa. All zvakakonzera kuti Komissarzhevskaya aifanira kusiya entreprise Sinelnikov.

kushanya

Vose actresses yeRussian Empire panguva kuramba nzvimbo yavo zvemari pamwe repertory. Mira dzemitambo vaiva vashoma, kunyanya mumaguta makuru. Naizvozvo achishanyira mishoni troupes vaiva wandei. Achisiya Novocherkassk, Vera Komissarzhevskaya panguva kukokwa of Tiflis zvinoyevedza vomunharaunda anoenda navo pamusoro rwavakaita. Pano akakwanisa kuridza mabasa 12, ramakagadzwa "tomboy" mutambo, "mari guru" uye vamwe. Vatsoropodzi uye voruzhinji mutambi kutora kunyange baba vake anomurumbidza mutambo. Pasinei nokubudirira, kutenda chaizvo akanga asiri kusvikira pakuguma inofara, iye anoramba kufungidzira kupfuura chakakomba repertoire. Ichi kushaya chivimbo kwakatadzisa Komissarzhevskaya kuwana kuroorana akanaka. Mushure revashanyi muna Tbilisi, akadzokera kuMoscow tariro yokuwana basa, asi sangano iri kutya kuenda kunoona kusuruvara sei troupe izere uye kusiya, asi rinoramba pasina basa. Pakarepo Tiflis bhururu akakukokai wake kutora chikamu mune revashanyi muna Ozerki uye oranienbaumin. entreprise Izvi zvakasiyana zvikuru repertoire, izvo zvinofadza zvikuru kuti Faith. Pano zvinoita kutamba kuti 3 months mabasa matsva 14 Mitambo yakadai se "chivande uye Rudo" Schiller, "Vasilisa Melentyeva" AN Ostrovsky, "inowanzorimwa gamba" IA Salov.

kubudirira kwayo kwakanga kuoneka chaizvo kuti yasimbiswa pepa kushanda panguva Alexandrinsky Theater. Asi iye zvakare nevanopikisana pamusoro rushoma dzavo, akasarudza kubvuma kukokwa kubva repertory Nezlobin muna Vilna. Vateereri uye repertoire pamusoro troupe zvave zvikuru chakakomba zvose rapfuura ndivo, umo aishanda Komissarzhevskaya. Pano 2 years iye akaita 60 mabasa, ramakagadzwa paitova hwakajeka mhanza: Larissa mu "Bride" AN Ostrovsky, Sophia mu "nhamo kubva zvaiti" A. Griboyedov, Louise "chivande uye Rudo" Schiller. Pano wake mutambo vanoonga Nemirovich-Danchenko, Kachalov, Brushtein. In Nezlobin Komissarzhevskaya zvakazara uye akaratidza tarenda rake zvinoshamisa, izvo kusvikira ipapo chakarambwa vamwe vatsoropodzi, uye ayo utsanzi. Asi iye asingadi kuwana zvakawanda mukuru akanaka, ndiani aizokwanisa kubata kwake mutambo.

Alexandrinsky yemitambo

Muna 1896, akanga ari mavambo chaizvo kundinetsa kana Danho iri pamusoro Alexandrinsky Theater. Basa petitioner aisada, aiva kunetseka uye funga pamusoro mutambo kuti debut. All ichi kwemakore 32 okuberekwa mutambi aiva kare zvakaoma. Asi iye zvinobudirira vairidza debut mutambo "Butterfly Boy" uye kwaikosheswa yaakakudza vatsoropodzi. The mutambi kuna Danho itsva werudzii yemitambo, yakavakwa yomukati ruzivo. Kwemakore matanhatu ari Alexandrinsky Komissarzhevskaya vairidza mabasa avo zvakanakisisa, zvakamuita yakakurumbira uye kuzvikudza Russian yemitambo: nayo Larissa mu "Mwenga", Nina Nina mu "The Gaviota", Desdemona mu "Othello", Marikka mu "Lights midsummer" Margarita " Faust. " Mutambo "The Gaviota" kwaikosheswa chaizvo yavose sezvavakatarirwa ne Chekhov, uyo kusvikira pakuguma kwemazuva ake vaidavira kuti zvakanakisisa pachake ayo munyori Chinangwa. Aiva refu kunyorerana mutambi, uye pamwe chete ivo vakakurukura nzira Kugadzirwa Russian mupfungwa yemitambo. Mutambo "The Gaviota" harina unogashirwa kuruzhinji uye nevatsoropodzi, kukundikana uyu akarova makuru kune munyori wemitambo uye mutambi.

In yemitambo, Vera akawana shamwari - mutungamiriri EP Karpov, uyo havana kufanana nevamwe, asi akaitawo nzira yavo mudariro itsva pamwe kuwana nzira dzakarurama. Kuburikidza kubatirapamwe ichi, kuti mutambi akaona sei zvikuru mutungamiriri muchinangwa njodzi vatambi. mushandirapamwe uyu Vera akakwanisa kunzwisisa maonero ake pamusoro unyanzvi, izvo zvakaita kuti kutsvaka nzira itsva.

Kutsvaka nzvimbo itsva yemitambo

Actress vaida itsva yemitambo, pfungwa iye kamwe dzakabatwa Stanislavsky uye hugutse hope yake yemitambo nayo raigona zvizere akaziva. Alexandrinsky Theater akavarambidza pairi kurambidzwa zvakawandisa pano aiva kuchinja mutemo. In tsamba diaries yake nguva dzose pane dingindira nzira, kutsvaka itsva yemitambo. Actor yemitambo Komissarzhevskaya yakavakirwa psychologism, uye Alexandrinsky rakachengetedzwa akabvunza anonyanya zvokunze kuratidzwa, pasina kuombekwa mukudzika mweya chimiro. Iye anofunga kuti kutambisa nguva yako, kuti basa rayo pamusoro Imperial Danho kunotungamirira wake asiko. Naizvozvo, muna 1902, iye akasarudza kusiya Alexandrinsky. Mari iri yayo yemitambo haina, uye saka iye ane kuenda refu runobudirira, iye vakatenderera zvinenge zvose pamusoro nyika, kushanda Yalta, Kiev, kuSiberia, Kharkiv. Asi repertoire raiva simba, pasi-unhu mirayiridzo. Aida mutungamiriri, uye iye akamuwana ari munhu Ve Meyerhold.

pachake yemitambo

Drama Theater Komissarzhevskaya akazviratidza pamutemo muna 1904, iye anotora kure chivakwa naye. Asi kushaya mari kunokonzera kuti pakarepo mberi rwavakaita uye 2, iye anofamba vakapoteredza nyika, busking uye vanotamba wechipiri-kirasi zvesimba pamusoro zviverengwe. Umhare kuita uye kubatsirwa dzakafanana vanhu kwave inounganidzwa mu uwandu 70 zviuru rubles, uye Komissarzhevskaya pakupedzisira anotanga kusika mira Repertory Theater muSt Petersburg. Its chinangwa - kune unyanzvi dzematongerwe itsva, "munhandare mweya", uyu aida chaizvo repertoire uye troupe. Komissarzhevskaya anoverenga zhinji Mitambo ano, iye anosarudza kuti mitambo yake Ibsen, Chekhov, Gorky. Yemitambo troupe rinoumbwa vanhu dzakafanana vanoda kuratidza nyika neruzivo rutsva pamusoro yekutambira. Muna 1906 Meyrehold akabvuma kushanda yemitambo, anoisa 13 zvesimba, pakati pavo itsva shanduro kutamba "Hedda Gabler," "chidzoyi Show", "The upenyu womunhu." Asi ukama pakati mutambi uye mutungamiriri vari aumba akaoma, akasanganiswa flops vane zvesimba kunotungamirira atsamwira. Drama Theater Komissarzhevskaya ambiguously anotora vateereri pano zvinonyadzisa izvi zvaitika. Asi waiva semhedzisiro Revolutionary zviito kambani. Kushanda yemitambo yake, Vera aifanira kutarisana kusanzwisisa, kumutengesa, pamwe kukundikana, asiwo kubudirira zvikuru.

yakanakisisa mabasa

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna, basa iro vachiri mienzaniso chikoro mupfungwa, panguva yayo ichatonga zvine mbiri akaridza chaizvo kwakajeka, itsva hunhu. Her manyorerwe kutamba rakakodzera chaizvo kuti kuzadziswa Chekhov kuti heroines. Saka, zvinoita Sonya kubva "Sekuru Vanya," Sasha kuti "Ivanova" uye Nina Zarechnaya mu "The Gaviota" aiva namano pfungwa vachitamburira muzvarirwo. Komissarzhevskaya kunzwisisa vavariro yemunyori wemabviro, akanzwa ake hwokudhirowa chinangwa. Uye pasinei nokuti vaoni vakawanda havana kugamuchira dudziro kwakadaro, munyori wemitambo pachake aiona yakanakisisa kwazvo.

Uyewo mumwe kunoshamisa mabasa zvinosanganisira wake Komissarzhevskaya Larissa kubva "Mwenga" by A. Ostrovsky, Natasha Bobrova kubva "Tales Magic" Potapenko, Nora mu "A Doll HOUSE" by Ibsen, Varvara mu "yezhizha mugari" Gorky vake. Pazvinhu zvose, iye akawana dudziro wake, aigona kuona zviyo basa uye kuratidza zvakadzamisisa manzwiro chimiro.

Mwoyo yemitambo

Muna 1908, ivo Drama Theater, kare aizivikanwa Komissarzhevskaya Theater (St. Petersburg), anoita runobudirira iri US, apo Vera anowana zvikuru laudatory wongororo. Inonzi mumwe mukuru actresses remakore rechi20. Asi Komissarzhevskaya kuona shungu rokuva yemitambo ake. Kushanda symbolist Meyerhold mutambi vakaurayiwa sesasaradzi, haana kunzwa tarenda rake akabvunza. Faith anoona kuti zvirongwa zvinenge kumboziva mu mabasa, vatambi uye vatungamiriri havanzwisisi mumwe, kuratidza Kukanganisa pfungwa itsva yemitambo. Mumwe mutambo mutsva Komissarzhevskaya sokuti ndakundikana. Muna 1909, zvinotora chakaoma kusiya yemitambo.

tariro itsva

Komissarzhevskaya mutambi incredible tarenda, vanorota yakanaka, pfungwa yemitambo, ndakaziva kuti vatambi, akarerwa ari tsika dzakare, imi hamugoni kuita chinhu. Uye iye akanga pfungwa kuvhura chikoro yemitambo kudzidzisa vatambi ari kuumbwa itsva. Iye akaronga kuyeuka zvidzidzo baba vake, uyo aiva mudzidzisi akanaka uye chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvakaitika Stanislavsky, akasika maitiro ake romubati mitambo. Aida kudzidzisa pachangu kugoverana ayo ruzivo runowanikwa yakaoma kudaro, uye kukoka shamwari dzavo vakakurumbira vatambi uye vatungamiriri, sezvo aida kudana A. White, D. Merezhkovsky, V. Ivanova kudzidzisa zvidzidzo, kuwedzera horizons. Rakafuridzirwa pfungwa itsva uye tariro, Komissarzhevskaya akatuma okupedzisira vachiratidzwa kweSiberia muupenyu hwavo.

zvakavanzika

Vera Komissarzhevskaya, Biography ipfupi chakadeno akazadza yemitambo, haana kuda kuroorwa kechipiri. Yakawandisa kurwadzisa murume wake wokutanga, Vladimirom Muravevym. Asi muna 1887, panguva kunorapwa Lipetsk, iye akasangana Sergei Ziloti, mupurisa, murume akadzidza zvikuru, unoda mabhuku uye mitambo. Pakati pavo wedzera kumusoro kudziya chaizvo ukama, Sergei kunyange rinounza kutenda yavatezvara vabereki vake, uye riri somwenga. In imba ino Komissarzhevskaya yagara kudziya chaizvo uye dzakanaka. upenyu hwake hwose akanga shamwari yose mhuri Ziloti dzaiwanzoshanyira Znamenka wavo. Asi kuroora Sergei haana kubuda.

Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna, ane upenyu pachake akanga zvinoshamisa, nguva yakawanda uye kuedza zvakaitika pachikuva uye kuti zvaiva zvakakwana kwaari. Vomunguva vakaudzwa kuti iye aida Chekhov, asi haana kuda kuti amuudze ichi. Kunyange zvichibvira kuti akanga ari murudo naye tarenda mutambi, kwete mukadzi. Aiva shoma enganonyorwa pamwe wekambani EP Karpov, wechiduku mutambi NP Roshchin-Insarov, pamwe Wenyika SS Tatishchev, mudetembi Bryusov, asi hapana ikava muchato, nekuti chinhu chikuru muupenyu hwake nguva dzose akaramba yemitambo.

kutarisira

Tour kweSiberia uye kuFar East zvikuru Komissarzhevskaya aneta, iye akanyunyuta kuna chiremba marwadzo munzeve. Manzwiro aya haana kubvumirwa kurara, iye waiva ose zuva akanzwa kuipa. Kukokwa chiremba wake kunoburitsa iye chete kurapwa - craniotomy. Zvakawanda zvive haana kupfuura, uye kana ari Tashkent, vatambi inoverengeka troupe akarwara chibhokisi, mamiriro Vera Feodorovna uyewo pazvairamba, zvikazooneka kuti iye, zvakare, chibhokisi. marwadzo yake yakanga sokusingatsungiririki, January 27, iye ndafenda. Maronda akafukidza muviri wake, marwadzo chete kwakawedzera. In pemwedzi February, kuti mutambi aiva AP Chekhov, iye mukafunga kuti chiratidzo chakanaka. Asi mamiriro hwaipa yekudyidzana mumazuva mashomanana, uyai February 23 mwoyo nokukundikana uye Komissarzhevskaya mukuru akafa. Maererano kwake kuda nguva yokutanga pashure tsamba yake rufu uye diaries vakaparadzwa kubva kwake kasiketi. Vakandiudza kuti vakamuviga chiso chake chakafukidzwa, saka kuti vanhu havana kuzviona somunhu chirwere chimiro. Komissarzhevskaya Vera Fedorovna (1864-1910) akavigwa panguva Tikhvin Cemetery muna Saint Petersburg.

ndangariro

Care mutambi mukuru akava kuvhunduka chaicho Russia chete pashure kurasikirwa pakarepo vakaziva incredible ukoshi romubati nzira kwayo uye uwandu tarenda. Memory Komissarzhevskaya achiri pamba nyika iri zvabatwa. Theater Komissarzhevskaya (Novocherkassk) muchizvikudza anoyeuka mazuva apo kwakaonekwa mutambi uyu. Uyewo yemitambo Ussuriysk. Pfungwa hwake - Drama Komissarzhevskaya Theater muSt Petersburg. Anozivikanwa rose. Street Komissarzhevskaya ikoko Tyumen, Donetsk uye Voronezh. mufananidzo wake akabatwa zvakasiyana-siyana nhetembo naAlexander Blok uye Bryusov. tarenda rake rakafuridzirwa pakasikwa mumhanzi, saka Knaifel A. akanyora chimedu kuti tambo zviridzwa "Kutenda", P. Gapon akanyora ndangariro yake waltz "hungiso wakaputsika." Her upenyu nebasa vakazvitsaurira zvinoshamisa firimu "Ini - ane mutambi," Viktor Sokolov. Basa Faith akaita inoyemurika mutambi Natalia Saiko. Mukuru haana kuda kutora anotevedzana mufananidzo, akasarudza kuva itsva nzira - akaita anoonekwa yoga, chokuita zano Zvikamu kuti dzinoratidza siyana inobudisawo yakadzama yezvakaita mutambi. Firimu rinoratidza dambudziko upenyu, umo mutengo tarenda akadzikama uye munhu afare.