The Kremlin ye Suzdal: tsanangudzo nemifananidzo yezvitsva

Yekare Suzdal haisi kusiya chero munhu asina hanya, isati yakanaka uye inofadza nezvayo. Guta rinochengetedza nhoroondo yezvemadzitateguru ayo. Suzdal yakatanga nemasvingo epasi uye kereke imwechete.

Chiitiko: maitiro uye nhoroondo

IKremlin yeSuzdal iye zvino yava musamu. Asi kutanga Vladimir Monomakh akaisa temberi yeAssumption. Yakanga iri yakasimba yekugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvezvidhina. Yakanga yakavezwa nevanonyanya masters veByzantium. Nheyo dzakange dzisina kusimba, masvingo ekereke akatanga kutamba, uye Yury Dolgoruky akarayira kuti iparadzwe zvachose. Uye munguva pfupi panzvimbo yetemberi yakare yakatanga kusimudza kereke yakachenera yemabwe ine misoro mitatu yakagadzirirwa masero. Pamusoro wepamusoro musoro chigadziko chakanaka chakavakwa, nokuda kwemisoro maduku kumakona ekumabvazuva kwechimiro inoshumira sekutsigirwa. Dare rekereke rakashongedzwa nemifananidzo yakasununguka, masikisi ezviso zvevakadzi uye zvakavezwa. Muna 1225 Bhishopi Simeon akaita mutambo wokuvhenekera kereke. Kubvira panguva iyo Suzdal Kremlin yakatanga kutumidzwa zita reTheotokos-Rozhdestvensky.

Gore rakazotevera, kereke yakagadzirwa kubva mukati neye frescoes, yakaisa pasi neatari. Kamwe zvakare, chimiro chinotarisana nekushanduka pashure pomoto. Panzvimbo pezvitsauko zvitatu, zvinowana zvishanu, uye zvimwe zvigadziridzo zvinowedzerwa. Kubvira pakutonga kwaBasil III kereke yakave yakarongedzwa kazhinji, zvigaro zvange zvawedzerwa. Inooneka kunokwezva zvikuru - Gedhi reGoridhe, rakagadzirwa nevashandi veSuzdal. Pfuma yeNativity Cathedral iri mu museum.

Necropolis

Kuberekwa kweKatihedral yeChezdal Kremlin ine necropolis yayo pachayo. Kune mavigwa emachinda Shuisky, Belsky nevanakomana vaYury Dolgoruky. Muna makumi matatu, mabasa eumwari akarega kubatwa mukereke.

2005 yakaratidzwa nekutangira kereke yekare yekudzorerwa. Makore ekudzorerwa akabatsira kereke kuti iwane zvinyorwa zveSaint Arseny weElasson. Ichi ndicho chimwe chido chokuti Kremlin ine Suzdal.

Belfry

Imwe yezvivako zvekare kare iyo inoumba pamwe, iri kumaodzanyemba kwechechi yepamusoro, ndiyo Cathedral bell tower. Iine chinhu chakakodzana neshongwe dzakasimba - denga pamusoro pe cornice. Kubvira pamagumo ezana remakore reXVII kusvika panguva ino, nguva yebhenji yakasunga awa imwe neimwe nehafu.

Zvikamu zveHerarchical Chambers

Chivako chakasiyana-siyana chakatarisana nezana remakore XV-XVIII - Makamuri eAvapishopu, akakomberedzwa nerusvingo rwematombo uye rombo revhu. Chivakwa chacho chinosanganisira kugara uye kuvakwa. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa yeiyi makamuri ekuchengetedza uye chechi. Makamuri okutanga anotarisa sematongo akaoma ezvivako. Iyi yakaoma yakagadzirirwa seimba yeimba yevatongi vechechi veguta reSuzdal. Icho chiri mudhidhi iyo musamuziyamu iripo.

The refectory

Inzvimbo yeSudaldal Kremlin yava kushanda kuitira chinangwa chayo chinangwa. Muzasi kune doro rekudya. Iine zita, rinoenderana neurongwa hwekugadzira: "Refectory." Iri sangano rinonakidzwa nechido chinoshamisa, kunyange ichi chinosanganiswa mumutengo wezvinhu zvinodhura uye unozivikanwa. Iyo yokudyira yakavhurwa muna 1998 nechinangwa chekuchengetedza chaiyo chikafu cheRussia cuisine. Iyo mukati inogadzirwa mumutauro weRussian classical. Ikicheni ine yekare mapeji. Iyo yokudyira inobatsira chikafu cheRussia cuisine kubva mumutambo. Vashandi vechechi vaigara vachida nyama yezvikara, zvihuta uye pheasants.

Chechi yeAsumption

Kukereke dzakapona kusvikira panguva ino ndeye Uspenskaya, Nikolskaya na Khristorozhdestvenskaya. Uspenskaya chivako cheMoscow Baroque style. St. Nicholas Church yakatakurwa kuenda kuKremlin neSuzdal kubva mumusha, umo baba veimba yamadzimambo emhuri yakakurumbira yaRomanov vakazvarwa. Nzvimbo yakakura uye inofadza zvikuru yeSuzdal ndiyo Museum of Wooden Architecture. Imyuziyamu iri kumirira vashanyi zuva nezuva, kunze kweChipiri neChishanu.

Nikolskaya

Chechi yehuni yeSt. Nicholas muenzaniso wetemberi dzekare. Inovakwa nemadziro emapuranga ematanda. Chechi yaSt. Nicholas yakaisvonaka kwazvo, ine slim uye yegoridhe. Iyo inopindirana zvakakwana mujecha rekugadzira. Chechi yakapa zita racho kune rimwe gedhi reNikolsky, iro rinotungamirirwa kubhiriji pamusoro pemvura Kamenka.

Ichinzi zita raSt. Nicholas, uyo anoonekwa seanotarisira vafambi. Chivako chacho chakanaka. Iko basa rechokwadi revanhu vekuveza mapurisa nevatenzi vese vevanhu.

Ndechipi chikonzero chekucherechedza kwakapiwa kereke iyi?

Chimiro chakanga chakavakwa chete nekubatsirwa kwechinhu chevezive - demo. Zvipikiri zviripo mune zvakasimbiswa zvechechi ndizvowo matanda. Mukuwedzera, chechi yeSt. Nicholas ine maitiro akasiyana-siyana akanaka ekugadzira. Pedyo, pedyo neKremlin, ndiyo kereke yekuzvarwa kwaKristu. Iyo iri nyore muzvigadziro, iyo imba yekugara mune imwe imba. Chechi inoumbwa nemapuranga uye padenga reimba.

The Suzdal Kremlin

Tsanangudzo yezvose zvinoratidzwa mukati maro ine nhoroondo yenyika yeSuzdal. Kune zviitiko zvinonakidza, izvo zvinomiririrwa nezvinhu zvakashandiswa nemifananidzo yekare yeRussia. I Kremlin ye Suzdal ndiyo iri pakati peguta, iyo inoonekwa sekare kare. Uye dangwe ndereKathedral of the Birth of the Virgin. Zvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa pakuvakwa kwayo ndezvakaipa.

Asi Vladimir Monomakh akavaka temberi panzvimbo isina kururama. Iyo Suzdal Kremlin inokosha yeguta, uye inokwezva vafambi vakawanda kwete kubva kuRussia chete, asiwo kubva kune dzimwe nyika. Uye avo vari kutsvaga chiratidzo ichi, teererai zvinyorwa zvaro kubva kure.

Iyo cupolas yebhuruu jira ruvara uye nyeredzi dzegoridhe dziri paNativity Cathedral dzinoonekwa kure. Vanochera matongo vakaona kuti kubva muzana remakore rechigumi kune Suzdal Kremlin. Suzdal anokwanisa kudada nekuva nemagadzirirwo akadaro. Rakaiswa kunze kwebwe dhena, kufanana nenguo yemhandara musikana. Uye panguva imwe chete, ichi chakaoma chivakwa chakasimba chine nhare, shongwe uye masuo.

Ndezvipi zvinosanganiswa mubatanidzwa?

Nokudaro, chivakwa cheSuzdal Kremlin chinosanganisira zvivako zvinotevera: Nativity Cathedral, maAvhishopi ' Chambers pamwe nemafungiro eEpiscopal Church, Cathedral Belltower, Assumption Church, Summer Church yeSt. Nicholas, Nativity yaKristu Church.

Mumufananidzo wezvakaoma kune vane mazita evanhu vanoremekedzwa vakuru vatsvene, zvishongo zvechiRussia zvekare. Krisimasi Cathedral yakaumbwa seye temberi yekutanga yeminamato, kwete chete mhuri yemuchinda, asiwowo vanhu vanogara. Uye makamuri emabhishop uye mabhizimisi akave nemimba yepisopal palace. IChedhedral bell tower yakavakwa pasi pehutano hwakanaka hwaBhishopi Serpion. Bells uye chimes zvakadzorerwa zvachose uye zvichiri kufadza vose veparidzi uye vagari veSuzdal. Chechi yeAsumption ine maitiro akanaka. Iri ndiro chivakwa chemavara-ruvara rwebhuruu, iro rakagadzirisa dare remuchinda weIvan III.

Kereke yemazuva e Nikolskaya kereke inzvimbo yemhepo yekereke yekuzvarwa kwaKristu. Apo paine kuzivana neyekuvakwa kweguta reSuzdal, rinosangana nekugadzirisa kushamisa kwevakagadziri. Kushamisika ndangariro yavo inoshamisa yekunakidza uye nyanzvi. Mushure mezvose, hakuna munhu akamboedza kugadzira guta racho uye zvivakwa zvaro zvakananga mumatambudziko. Vakawanda vetemberi uye machechi akazozivikanwa chete munguva yekupedzisira yeSoviet yakaparadzwa kakawanda, akapiswa, akapenya semutambo, ndokudzorerwa zvakare. Zvose zvivako zvakavakwa munguva dzakasiyana-siyana zvekare, zvinoshamisa zvakabatana zvakakwana mumuti wose wekereke nemakereke. Zvose izvi zvivako zvakasikwa muhutu hwekusika.

Mhedziso

Nenguva dzakawanda Suzdal Kremlin, uyo ane chithunzi chinowanikwa munyaya yacho, yakarashika kukosha kwayo uye yakaiwana zvakare. Dzimwe nguva dzimba dzakavakwa nematemberi pedo neZuzdal dzakatora mutoro wepakatikati yezvose zvakaoma. Zvose zvakabatana nemamato uye kare kare maguta eRussia zvave zvichiita kuti vachengeti vezvokuchera matongo nevanyori vezvakaitika kare vafunge. Uye mune rimwe remaguta ekare, zvakawanda zvakaitika uye zvicharamba zvichiitika, kuti hazvizoitiki kuti ugare uri kunze.