The kuramba Kupisa kuchinjwa. R-ukoshi

Heat kuchinjirwa walling - muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa chokuita convection, conduction uye nemwaranzi. vose vanouya pamwe predominance wavo. Insulating ehupfumi fenzi mazano, izvo zvinoratidzwa kuburikidza kupisa kutapurirana nemishonga, vanofanira kutevedza imba Codes.

Sezvo mhepo iri vakatsinhanisa nezvinhu walling

Pakuvaka akaisa pamutemo zvinodiwa kuti kwakakura kupisa okuyerera rusvingo uye kuburikidza nawo kurondedzera ukobvu kwayo. Mumwe parameters kuti pakuverenga ndiro musiyano tembiricha mukati uye kunze mumba. Vachitora sezvikonzero iri coldest nguva yegore. Chimwe parameter ndiye coefficient nokupisa kuchinjirwa K - kupisa mari chinopfuudzwa muna 1 wechipiri kuburikidza munzvimbo 1 mamita ^2, pamwe musiyano rokunze uye munyika ezvinhu netembiricha muna 1 ° C. The K ukoshi kunobva zvinhu ehupfumi. Sezvazvakanyorwa anowedzera kuderedza kupisa-kudzivirirwa ehupfumi porusvingo. Mukuwedzera, chill mukamuri kuchaita pinda zvishoma, kana zviri kupfuura pakukora miviri.

Convection uye nemwaranzi mukati nokunze kukanganisa kupisa kurasikirwa kubva imba. Naizvozvo, nokuti mabhatiri yakaiswa pamadziro kuratidza sefa pamusoro aruminiyamu foil. kudzivirirwa kwakadaro akaitawo mukati ventilated pamadziro ari kunze.

Heat kuchinjirwa kuburikidza pamadziro eimba

The panze Masvingo kunyatsoshandisa nzvimbo yeimba uye kuburikidza navo simba Nokurasikirwa anosvika 35-45%. Zvokuvakisa vanoumba zvakapoteredza zvivako, vane dziviriro zvakasiyana nechando. Rine yakadereresa chafariz conductivity mhepo. Naizvozvo, porous zvinhu vane yepasisa netsika kupisa chinja coefficients. Somuenzaniso, kuvakwa zvidhina K = 0,81 W / (m ² · ^C), mu kongiri K = 2,04 W / (m ² · ^C), mu plywood K = 0,18 W / (m ² · ^C.) uye polystyrene ndiro pana K = 0,038 W / (m ² · ° ^C).

Masvomhu vakashandisa itirana ari coefficient K, - R-ukoshi. Chinhu normalized ukoshi uye hakufaniri kuva pazasi imwe akafanorongerwa ukoshi, sezvo zvinoenderana mutengo kudziyisa uye mamiriro ezvinhu vari musha.

On the K chinhu zvakunoita mwando kugutsikana walling. In yakatsvuka zvinhu mvura displaces mhepo iri pores, uye ayo chafariz conductivity ndiyo ka20 kwirirei. Somugumisiro, achiipa kupisa-kudzivirirwa ehupfumi yacho fenzi. Wet wall transmits 30% yakawanda kupisa pane rakaoma. Naizvozvo, France uye padenga dzimba kuedza vakapfeka zvinhu umo mvura haina zvabatwa.

Heat kurasikirwa kuburikidza masvingo uye mawindo majoini vari zvikuru novimba mhepo. Kutsigira zvivako - nemhepo uye mhepo ichipfuura kubva kunze (infiltration) uye mukati (exfiltration).

Siding

Rokunze cladding ventilated pamadziro yakaiswa pamwe mukaha umo mhepo iri raishandiswa. Hazvina kukanganisa chafariz kurwisa kwemasvingo, asi zviri zvikuru husingakwanisi mhepo mutoro, nokuderedza infiltration. Mhepo inogona kupinda mumba panosangana hwindo uye musuo mapuranga rusvingo mawindo. Nemhaka iyi chafariz nemishonga kuti mahwindo kuderedzwa kunzvimbo zvakanyanyisa. Munzvimbo idzi, anoiswa ane chisimbiso kunobudirira, kudzivisa water drainage nokupisa kubudikidza pfupi nzira. Thermal nemishonga masvingo nemahwindo panguva inowanikwa achava usingashandi, uye condensation pamusoro the pane haana kuumbwa, kana ukaisa pamatanda pakati yakatenuka.

The zvivako zvakafanira kudzivirira uye simba aponese kunokwanisika nokushandisa insulated sangweji ukomba, izvo kunodzivirira yose pamberi peimba mukati nokunze. System pamusoro ventilated pamadziro vari kuiswa nenguva dzose uye weathers zvose. Nokuda dzokuwedzera kuputira anobvisa "mabhiriji inotonhora" uye inowedzerawo nyaradzo mupenyu.

Heat kurasikirwa kuburikidza pasirin'i ari pauriri rokutanga

Mushure hafu kupisa kurasikirwa mapuriro kusvika 3-10%. Vavaki hanya kuputira yavo, vachisiya mukaha. In yakanakisisa nyaya chakagadzirwa zvizorwa chisimbiso grout. Kana tembiricha iri pauriri pamusoro kuvatumwa mukamuri pana 2 ° C, zvino, kuputira chivharo akaita havaratidzi.

Heat kurasikirwa kuburikidza padenga

Kunyanya makuru kupisa Nokurasikirwa kuburikidza pedenga mune one- uye vaviri-nyaya mudzimba. Ivo kusvika 35%. Modern insulating zvinhu anobvumira kudzivirira yakavimbika padenga uye sirin'i pamusoro kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza uye zvinoitwa kupisa kurasikirwa kubva mukati.

Akatsunga nokupisa kutapurirana kuramba

Panguva chaiyo, kupisa kuchinjirwa kuramba zvakapoteredza nechivako kuratidza mwero yawo chafariz insulating zvivako uye inotengwa kubva reshiyo

• R = 1 / K (M ² · ° ^C / W).

Kudzivirira ehupfumi parusvingo takatsunga ne dzinotsanagura chafariz kuchinjana panguva rayo uye yomukati hukawanika, uyewo unorema zvinhu. Nokuti kunzwisisa fence zvachose chafariz nemishonga yaizova:

• R ₀ = (R ₁ + R ₂ + ... + R _n) + R _muna + R _N .

sezvamakaropafadzwa R _1, R _2, R _N munguva ehupfumi wacho akaitwa nhurikidzwa, uye _muna R, R _N - nechinzwano zvokunze kusakarongeka pamwe mhepo.

Akaderedza kuramba Kupisa kuchinjwa

In tsika, zvivako zviri heterogeneous uye vanoumba fastening zvinhu nezvimwe kukurukurirana akaturikidzana kuti vanoumba "majoini inotonhora". Heterogeneity Zvivako kunogona kuderedza zvikuru chafariz kurwisa veungano. Saka, zvinoita kutungamirira vamwe paavhareji ukoshi R ₀ ^'nokuti noenderana fence chete dzakafanana ehupfumi pamusoro munharaunda yose. Somuenzaniso, dzemaitirwe pakati pakukora masvingo chivakwa vari kufungwa kupisa Nokurasikirwa pahwindo uye musuo neyemitenusirwa, gedhi, mumwe nomumwe zvinhu kuvaka tichitarisa shoma chafariz nemishonga. Mumufananidzo unoratidzwa miseve, ivo chafariz conductivity ari chesamende rakanyorwa kuminyuka kudziyisa panze.

Akaderedza kuramba Kupisa kuchinjwa tsunga pashure kutsunga zvose chikuru nzvimbo kuita dzakasiyana kupisa fluxes. Pashure paizvozvo, maererano GOST 26254-84, rinowanikwa nokushandisa nzira:

• ₀ R ^'= F / (F ₁ / R + F _{01 2} / R ₀₂ + ... + F _N / R _{0 n),} apo:

F - nharaunda zvakapoteredza mamiriro;

F _n - munzvimbo maitiro N-fung mapazi;

R ₀ ndiyo kuramba kupisa kuchinjwa hunhu _N N-fung mapazi.

Saka, chaiko kupisa nokuyerera kuburikidza yakaoma kuvaka kunotungamirira dzakafanana kupisa kuchinjirwa kuburikidza kwayo fungidziro.

Maererano GOST P 54851-2011, chaiyo kupisa zvinoyerera kuburikidza chivako hamvuropu chinorondedzerwa nemashoko okuti:

• q = (T _HWN - t _n) / R ₀ ^'

apo T T _{N HWN} - mumba tembiricha, selectable maererano GOST 30494, uye kunze tembiricha, se avhareji yacho coldest mazuva mashanu pagore.

Michini inokwanisa kusarudza nzvimbo kupisa kutapurirana kuramba ipfupi. Nomufananidzo "majoini inotonhora" apo vakawanda kupisa kurasikirwa kunoitika. The tembiricha yebhuruu mapazi 8 ° C zvishoma pane vamwe.

Heat kurasikirwa nepahwindo mawindo

Windows nenzvimbo chikamu chiduku pemvura imba, asi kunyange kaviri PANE kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye ndiyo 2-3 nguva simba kupfuura masvingo. Modern simba-kuponesa mahwindo pamusoro hunhu chafariz kudzivirira zvivako zviri pedyo masvingo.

ine yayo operative maitiro mumwe huviri-glazed hwindo. Chikuru pakati pavo ndiye shoma kupisa nemishonga, zvichienderana pakukura nomumwe chigadzirwa iyo rakakamurwa makirasi.

Yakadereresa Kirasi - D2 - dzine akavakirirwa mahwindo pamwe girazi Ukobvu 4 mm (R ₀ ⁼ 0.35 - 0.39 mamita · ° C / W). Kana hwindo ane chafariz nemishonga regirazi pazasi pamusoro shoma tsika, harigoni patsanura. With kuwedzera tembiricha kudzivirira simba mahwindo vakarongeka kuderedza chiedza hutachiwana.

The soro Kupisa kuchinjirwa nemishonga kirasi - A1 - vane simba-rinoponesa kaviri-kamuri bhokisi ane inert gasi uye anodzivirira coatings (R ₀ ^'> = 0,8 mamita · ° C / W). Dzavo kumbogadzirwa kuti mudziye ehupfumi kupfuura vaya vamwe masvingo zvokuvakisa.

Thermal nemishonga regirazi kunobva zvinhu zvinotevera:

• reshiyo PANE nzvimbo uye yose misa;
• nebhanhire hukuru uye muchinjikwa zvikamu pamatanda;
• zvokunyama uye kuvakwa nepahwindo chinhu chinogumbura;
• girazi unhu;
• Unhu mucherechedzo pakati nebhanhire uye pamatanda.

Kana chafariz nemishonga rinowanikwa mahwindo uye nhurikidzwa nemikova, zvakakodzera kufunga pokudzora shoma mapazi sezvo mhesano pamwe PANE hwindo Profile anogona kuwira condensate. Kana kuwedzera vanofanira kuteerera kunaka chisimbiso mawindo. Kuburikidza thermographic mudziyo anogona kuonekwa sezvo inotonhora Chinopinda mumba kuburikidza kumusoro uye kodzero pamukova (mufananidzo pazasi). Pasinei inobudirira inogona glazed, pamwe vakasununguka ndima mhepo pakati mapuranga uye masvingo, zvinobatsira avo vose richaparara.

Selection mahwindo vane nhurikidzwa nemikova mudunhu rimwe nerimwe anobudiswa zvinoenderana inodiwa kwazvo kupisa kuchinjirwa nemishonga R ₀ ^'uye okunze, determinable nhamba dhigirii-zuva kudziyisa nguva.

mhedziso

The normalized chafariz nemishonga masvingo uye mahwindo kubvumira kuvaka zvivako simba-nyatsoshanda. Mune Masvomhu ari tembiricha zvatariswa kwemasvingo zvakafanira kufunga ehupfumi ose heterogeneous zvinoriumba. Chokuchengeta microclimate vanoda rakavimbika kudzivirira zvikamu zvose zveimba nechando. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuna ano Heaters.