Vachitaura paIndaneti: mhando uye nhungamiro kuvakwa

Kuti tizive mumwe nomumwe kombiyuta paIndaneti, yava akakudziridza rinokosha nyika kugadzirisa. Pane arikutaura paIndaneti pakubhadhara zviviri: kusanganiswa (IP-kugadzirisa) uye tsika. Izvi Hurongwa zviviri zviripo parutivi. Kusanganiswa kugadzirisa kushandiswa michina, chimiro - vanhu. Pashure pezvose, munhu zviri nyore zvikuru kuyeuka uye kududzira zviratidzo (tsamba) kupfuura nhamba.

Chero kombiyuta paIndaneti ane IP kero (pfupi nokuti Internet Protocol), iyo ine nhamba mana akaparadzaniswa nevanhu Dots (HHH.HHH.HHH.HHH). Mashoko acho chimiro ichi, mashoko zvakazara anoratidza Kero kombiyuta. nhamba nomumwe anoda kubva 000 kusvika 255. kwakadaro kugadzirisa paIndaneti rakakwana encode makombiyuta mabhiriyoni mana.

Nepo mashoko World Wide Web yaiva vashoma subscribers, ari digitaalinen maitiro zvakanaka zvakakwana, asi dzinogonawo kunzi dzinomirira kwayo kushandisa muenzaniso uyu akava kusagadzikana. Uye kwakasarudzwa kushandisa yakafanana DNS umambo zita hurongwa (kubva Chirungu Domain Name System). Kuti aite izvi, mumwe boka revanhu mhosva rakavapa mazita akasiyana kune vanoshandisa neimwe chidimbu. Munyika hapana Internet kudzora centre, asi pane masangano kuti vari kuita kuongorora uye basa nhamba: umambo zita kombiyuta kunofanira akasiyana iyi uye murinde nemasangano aya. Vachitaura paIndaneti uchishandisa nzvimbo zita riri nhasi kupfuura kwose kwose.

zita kombiyuta ine chero nhamba nzvimbo, asi rine vakawanda maviri nemashanu zvinhu, izvo vanoparadzaniswa mumwe pfungwa (semuenzaniso, tvka.ivno.ru. kana www.companys.com). kero idzi vamwe muenzaniso tsamba. Kuti kutumira shoko munhu kurudyi, tanga inoratidza nyika, ipapo nharaunda, dunhu, guta, mumigwagwa, uye zita pacharo. A yakafanana akanyatsorongwa uye kugadzirisa paIndaneti: umambo zita zvakarurama wokutanga (soro) sandara, akateverwa mudiki pamwero nzvimbo, izvo zvose pamwe chete nokusika zita kombiyuta akasiyana nemamwe. Zvayaiva rworudyi inotongwa zita mukuru anotakura, sezvo mutemo, mashoko pamusoro nenzvimbo nzvimbo kombiyuta (.ru - Russia, .by - Belarus, .ua - Ukraine, etc.) kana nezvenyaya yacho, iyo kuna nzvimbo (.gov - hurumende masangano; .com - masangano vezvokutengeserana; .org - masangano asiri batsiro; .edu - dzidzo masangano, etc.). Asi nzvimbo varidzi havasi vanoomerera kugamuchirwa kupatsanura, uye mune mapazi .ru zvingangodaro riri Belarusian, Kazakh, kana mumwe nzvimbo.

Nhasi, Indaneti kero vazhinji kuti hazvibviri kuti kufungidzira Database kuti haizaiva zvose kero, saka dzakabudirira dzakati kuti kunzverwa kupiwa zita. Kuti aite izvi, Mupi wacho Server akasimbisa purogiramu inokosha, inoitika kutendeuka unhu DNS kero iri IP kero. Ipapo Server kutsvaka, kuti rinochengeta mashoko nzvimbo achida kana mailbox. Kutaura chokwadi, iri basa rakaoma chaizvo: kune servers vakawandisa pamusoro pemambure. Kurerutsa kutsvaka yezvisikwa kushandiswa Resource Locators URL (kubva Universal Resource Locator). indekisi ino ine mashoko pamusoro dzakati kuti unoda kushandisa kana kutsvaka kero, zvinodiwa purogiramu kutsvakurudza uye faira rine zvakafanira ruzivo, izvo zvinoita kunzvera imwe Website nyore zvikuru.