Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District: guru, kumatunhu uye maguta

Utsinye hwokumusoro kumucheto - akanaka uye kure. Tsanangudzo ava zvakakwana kushanda Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District. Munyika ino, dzakapoteredzwa pristine hunhu tsika madzitateguru avo vanogara zvizvarwa zvemo, uye mupfumi subsoil abuda michina ano. Yamal agara kukwezvwa vafambi wayo akasiyana chitarisiko. Pano zvikuru zvinoshamisa mubatanidzwa makaro zuva uye mavambo hunhu nekuomarara okunze uye vaenzi veko, tarenda palette kwematsutso nechando chena akanyarara. Masayendisiti kufanana Yamal kuti tsika wakapfuma uye rakasiyana hunhu. Naizvozvo zvirokwazvo kuuya Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District (guta guru Salekhard), kuti vanakidzwe mhepo yakachena uye vasvike kuona kunaka kure makona nyika yedu zvikuru.

jogirafi

Beautiful uye akapfuma muRussia Yamalo-Nenets zvionera Okrug - kuchamhembe chikamu nyika yedu dema parera. Uye zvinotora hapana zvishoma - 770 zviuru mativi makiromita of West Siberian Plain. Zvahwo here hwezvakaita County zvinosanganisira: Gydan Peninsula, Taz kweItari uye Chokwadi, ari Yamal Peninsula. Vazhinji County chakatasanurwa pamusoro kweArctic Circle. Kubva kuchamhembe YANAO okumavirira paGungwa Kara, kumaodzanyemba yakabatana Khanty-Mansiysk nharaunda, vavakidzani kumabvazuva - the Taimyr uye Evenki zvionera District, kumavirira nayo pamuganhu pamwe Arkhangelsk nharaunda uye Republic of Komi. YANAO zororo inogona rakakamurwa pachena uye gomo. peninsulas All vatatu Dziine zviduku nzizi, hova, nemipata uye anezvimiti. Mountain siyana Anotambanudza mazana maviri makiromita ane rakamanikana ubvise achitevedza Polar Urals. YANAO Climate iri nehasha Continental, hasha, iri kuva zvikamu zvitatu: kuchamhembe kanyika of West Siberian Plain, kunyunguduka uye kweArctic. The Vagari anenge 500 zviuru vanhu ari arambe achirema munhu asingasviki imwe mativi kiromita.

Flora

Zvinomera inofukidza Yamalo-Nenets ane raidudzwa latitudinal zonation. shanu yevedza nzvimbo zvinogona kupatsanurwa: kuchamhembe taiga, dondo achinaya mvura, shrub, chikwindi-lichen uye peArctic achinaya mvura. In dzakawanda kuchamhembe, kweArctic bhendi, zvinomera zviri sparse chaizvo. Pano unogona kuwana mosses chete, lichens uye sedges. The Moss-lichen achinaya mvura kare kukura pamakwenzi diki uye rekushongedzesa. Munyaya inotevera nzvimbo (shrub achinaya mvura) kukura zvipfupi Birch uye the willow miti murwizi - michero uye howa. Musango yakawanda anezvimiti uye nenzizi duku. Pano kukura zvipfupi Birch, larch, spruce diki. Kumaodzanyemba mapazi ari Yamal-Nenets zvionera District - the taiga, yakawanda madziva akawanda, marshes, nzizi. Nharaunda yose yakafukidzwa chiedza gobvu uye rima masango coniferous.

fauna of

Kana kasvisto YANAO kwazvo shomanana, mhuka - mupfumi uye zvakasiyana-siyana. In vashanu okunze munyika dzine vedunhu inogarwa matatu namasere mhando mhuka. Vazhinji carnivores nemakonzo - gumi marudzi. mhando Vashanu pinnipeds, vatatu - insectivorous, vaviri - hoofed. marudzi maviri mhuka inobereka mbava-vari ezvokutengeserana rinokosha.

Kubatsira zviwanikwa

Yamalonenetskiy zvionera dunhu (guta Salekhard) anozivikanwa yeHydrocarbon reserves. Pane ane vanenge 78% of zvachose matura mafuta uye gasi Russian. YANAO - nyika guru yeHydrocarbon upfumi hwaro. Kushanda ari dzokubudisa zvinokosha yakatsvuka zvinhu uye zvinochengetwa Nakhodkinskoye Urengoiskoe gasi, Ety-South Russian, minda Yamburgskoye mafuta. In YANAO gore negore unobereka vanenge 8% of zvachose kweShanduro "vatema" uye vanenge 80% - "Blue nendarama". Polar Ural iri kugadzirwa chromium, molybdenum, tini, nesimbi, kutungamirira, phosphate, barytes nezvimwe zvicherwa.

Zvemo vanhu Yamal-Nenets zvionera District

Zvino vanhu makumi maviri vaigara Yamalo-Nenets. Asi chechokwadi zvemo vagari ndivo Khanty uye Nenets, Selkup uye Komi-Izhemtsy, vaigara munharaunda kubva panguva yakare. Akasara vakagara yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Izvi imhaka kukura munguva Soviet Union mundima Far North.

Khanty: vanhu ava kubva kare akararama Khanty-Mansiysk mundima uye Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District. Culture, mutauro uye tsika vanhu vari heterogeneous chaizvo. Izvi imhaka yokuti Khanty kugara mundima asi rakakura uye saka kuva yakati ichiparara.

Nenets anogara yakakura yeRussia - kubva kuna Taimyr Peninsula kusvika kumhenderekedzo kweArctic Ocean. vanhu ava akatamira kubva kumaodzanyemba kweSiberia rokutanga chemakore AD. Iye zvinoreva Samoyed boka.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti ari Komi vanhu vanogara munharaunda ino I mireniyumu BC rudzi urwu rakakamurwa kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba Komi. nguva First kare aidaro poro nokupfuwa, hove uye kuvhima. Ekupedzisira vaiva vavhimi uye vabati vehove.

Selkup - kupfuura vazhinji vanhu North. Selkups rakagara richidudzirwa mubasa hove uye kundovhima. Vamiririri ivavo vanhu, vaigara paImba dzakakwirira latitudes, kunyange akatunhidzwa poro.

muzinda

Guta guru Yamalo-Nenets District ndiro guta Salekhard. It riri pamahombekombe ari Ob River (kurudyi). The guta iri kweArctic Circle (chete munyika). Vagari anenge zviuru 40 vanhu. The guta rakaumbwa muna 1595. Pakutanga zvakanga nhare dzokurwa duku rinonzi Obdorsky. Hafu remakore pashure pakuvambwa vagari zvechigarire pano kuoneka. Kubvira muna 1923, musha yakava muzinda Obdorsk Obdorsk nharaunda Ural nharaunda. Nechekare muna 1930 mumusha iri basa mamiriro muzinda Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District. Makore matatu gare gare zvakanzi zita rokuti Obdorsk muna Salekhard. Mazuva ano, pakati Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District, guta guru vadyi wemari kambani zvikurukuru, iri kukura nokukurumidza zvikuru. Guta rine vakawanda makambani, "Yamalzoloto", rwizi chengarava, hove cannery, "Yamalflot" uye vamwe. The guta akazarura Yamalo-Nenets District Museum uye Exhibition Complex, iyo inoshandirwa inoratidzirwa centre, miziyamu uye tsvakurudzo raibhurari. Kunyange Salekhard ndiye District House of Crafts - State Budget kwo Culture of Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District. In guru YANAO mapazi mazhinji kumayunivhesiti akasiyana. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Yamal-Nenets zvionera District (guru Salekhard) iri nematambudziko makuru pamwe Indaneti. Chokwadi chokuti nharaunda vachiri havana faibha-optic network.

Cities uye kumatunhu Yamalo-Nenets weruwa

The mamiriro YANAO maruwa nomwe, maguta masere, shanu townships , uye mana chete musha kutarisira. Mumaruwa Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District: Yamal, Shuryshkarsky, Taz, Puri, Priuralsky, Nadym uye Krasnoselkupsky. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, yevagari arambe achirema yakaderera chaizvo. Pasinei yakakura, ane maguta mashoma zvikuru Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District. Cities: Noyabr'sk (97 ndipo.), New Urengoj (89.8 zviuru.), Nadim (45.2 zviuru.) Muravlenko (36.4 zviuru.) Salekhard (32.9 zviuru.) Labytnangy (26, 7 ths.), Guba (21 100 vanogara). Pazasi zvimwe guta YANAO achaparadzwa kurondedzerwa zvizere.

Gubkinskii

City Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District) muna 1996 akava guta reruwa tsika uye zita pashure Soviet geologist Gubkina Ivana Mihaylovicha. It riri kuruboshwe norwizi Pyakupur mazana maviri chete kubva kweArctic Circle. Nepakati guta rakaumbwa kuva muzinda pokumuka oiri. Nekuti Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District), kunyanya unyanzvi mafuta gasi kugadzirwa uye kugadzira indasitiri. The guta anoiswa zvakanaka Unoshanda nevechiduku: kushanda mitambo netsika nzvimbo, kutamba chikoro, pane akarekodwa Studio. Panguva vechidiki vane mukana wokugamuchira dzidzo munyika yekwake.

Muravlenko. Yamalo-Nenets zvionera Okrug

The guta rakaumbwa muna 1984. District chinzvimbo wakagamuchira 1990. zita kuremekedza munhu peturu injiniya Muravlenko Viktora Ivanovicha. Zvikurukuru, guta bhajeti iri kukasawedzerwa kubudikidza emisasa mafuta indasitiri. Muravlenko (Yamalo-Nenets zvionera District) ine yayo redhiyo uye zveterevhizheni. Rinobudisa pepanhau "Town Wedu", "Kopeika", "Shoko oilman."

Noyabrsk. Yamalo-Nenets zvionera Okrug

Pashure Novy Urengoy Noyabrsk - yechipiri yakakurumbira kudarika dzimwe muna Yamalo-Nenets. Musi rokuvambwa guta anogona kunzi sezvo 1973, apo nzvimbo nhasi Noyabrsk mafuta yokutanga tsime rakanga akachera. Makore maviri gare gare, pano vakauya kugara wokutanga, uyo zvikurukuru raiva vashandi. Muna 1976 Noyabrsk kugarwa aigona kuwanikwa chete pamepu mafuta, uye muna 1982 kugarwa akapiwa chinzvimbo neguta weruwa. Mafuta, gasi uye huni indasitiri yakatanga kwazvo. In munda uyu ndivo makambani anopfuura matatu.