Zvipupuriro uye kubhadhara mumutemo webasa: pfungwa, marudzi

Basa roga roga rakarongeka rinofanira kubatsirwe nemamwe mavimbiso uye zvikwereti. Zviyeuchidzo uye kubhadharwa mumutemo webasa zvinomiririra. Uye kana pfungwa yechipiri ichinyatsogadzirwa mune zvisikwa, iyo yekare inogona kuva nemashoko uye zvisinganzwisisiki zvinyorwa. Ngationgororei nezvinyorwa zvinyorwa izvi zvinosanganisira.

Tsanangudzo

Chaizvoizvo, pfungwa yekuchengetedza uye kubhadhara kunofungidzirwa kubva pakuona kwebasa rebasa. Maererano neChitsauko 164 cheBhuku reBashandi reRussian Federation, zviratidzo zvinonzwisiswa sezvinoreva, maitiro uye nzira dzinoshandiswa nevashandi vemasangano anopiwa kodzero dzakasiyana-siyana mumagariro ehupfumi uye ehurumende. Zvipupuriro zvinopiwa nemutemo uye kupa avo kodzero kune vashandi vose vangava zvinhu zvisiri izvo. Yokutanga inosanganisira kuchengetwa kwemari muzororo kana kudzidziswa, rwendo rurefu kana chipatara, nezvimwewo. Chirevo chechipiri chinoreva kusachengetedzwa kwebasa kana kuti kune imwe nzvimbo.

Nezvekuvimbisa, pfungwa dzakadai sekubhadhara kana kubhadhara mari inoshandiswa zvakare. Chirongwa chekubhadhara chinonzwisiswa sekubhadhara kwakadaro kunopiwa kune mushandi apo iye asina kuzadzisa basa rake rebasa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakakodzera, izvo zvinosimbiswa nemitemo yepamutemo. Ivo nemitemo yakafanana inotsiva mubhadharo. Warranty surcharges inogadziriswa pamusoro pemari yakagadziriswa.

Kupiwa mubayiro kunonzwisiswa kureva kuti kubhadhara mari, iyo iri kubhadhara kune mushandi wezvinodhura izvo zvine chokuita nekuita kwebasa rebasa uye zvinotaurwa nemutemo.

Kana mushandi akashandisa mari panguva yezvinodiwa pakugadzira, sangano rinofanira kubhadhara kurasikirwa kwakaitwa maererano nemari.

Iko pfungwa yekusimbisa uye kubhadhara mumutemo webasa inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete, kana nyaya inoda. Somuenzaniso, kana mushandi ari mupiro.

Mukuwedzera kubhadhara mari, vashandi vanobhadharwa nokuda kwekukuvadza kwetsika, izvo zvinogona kukonzerwa munzvimbo yebasa.

Chinangwa chikuru

Zvinangwa zvakakosha zvekupa zvivimbiso nekubhadhara ndezvi:

1. Kupa vashandi vemari inowanikwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakapiwa nemutemo, kana vasingakwanisi kuita basa ravo rakananga.
2. Kubhadhara kune vashandi vemari yemari inotaurwa mumutemo, yakavakwa navo pamabasa ekushanda.

Izvo zvivimbiso chikuru uye zvikwereti mumutemo webasa reRussia Federation zvinorayirwa muChitsauko 165 cheRC RF.

Mhando dzezvivimbiso

Mhando huru yemari yekubhadhara inosanganisira:

• Mitsara inowanikwa pakugadzirwa kwemamiriro ezvinhu kana maitiro ekutungamirira (kubhadhara nguva isina basa nekuda kwechikanganiso cheanoshandira, kubhadhara kusagadziriswa kwemhirizhonga kusagadziriswa kwepamutemo kwebvumirano, chikwereti chokudzingwa);
• Mitsara inopa mushandi ane kodzero yezororo rekubhadhara;
• Zvimwe zvipo kune vashandi vasati vasvika vakuru;
• Mishonga isingatarisiri pakugadzirwa, asi inokosha kuhurumende uye hurumende (hurumende mabasa, kubatanidzwa mukubatana pamwe chete, kudzidziswa kwehondo, nezvimwewo).

Special cases

Mukuwedzera kune zvibvumirano zvakasimbiswa, mutemo unoparadzanisa mienzaniso inotevera yezvivimbiso uye kubhadhara mumutemo webasa:

1. Paunotumira pamabhizimisi anoenda kune dzimwe nzvimbo kana kuti dzimwe nzira dzepamutemo.
2. Paunotamira kune rimwe guta kuitira kuti uite mabasa ekushanda.
3. Pakuita mabasa ehurumende kana ehurumende.
4. Paunobatanidza kudzidza nekushanda.
5. Kana zvichidikanwa, rega kushanda nekuda kweshoko romushandi.
6. Panozorora gore negore.
7. Muzviitiko zvakasiyana, kubviswa kwemabasa.
8. Nokuda kwekunonoka kwekupa maitiro ebasa nekuda kwechikanganiso cheanoshandira apo ukama hwebasa huri kupera.
9. Mamwe marudzi emitemo uye zvikwereti, izvo zvinopiwa nemutemo webasa.

Basic principles

Nheyo dzemitemo yekupa mubhadharo uye zvivimbiso zvinosanganisira:

• Kugadziriswa kwemaitiro ekumanikidzwa ekubhadhara uye kuvimbisa;
• Kuzvipira kwevatungamiriri vemasangano kupa vashandi zvivimbiso zvepamutemo uye mubhadharo;
• Kodzero yevashandi yekubhadhara uye kuvimbiswa kwakagadzwa nemutemo;
• Mikana yekuvandudza nzvimbo yevashandi kana ichienzanisa nheyo inogadza mutemo pamusoro pekubhadhara uye kuvimbiswa pamwero wechibvumirano zvichibhadhara mapato evatambani.

Bhizimisi dzinofamba

Pasi petsamba yebhizimisi vanonzwisisa rwendo rwemushandi ari kutungamirirwa musoro kune imwe nguva yekuita kwemabasa ake.

Nhasi, mutemo haugadziri nguva yakareba yebhizimisi rwendo, inotarirwa nemuchandi mumwe nomumwe, zvichienderana nemhando yebasa racho. Bhuku rebhizimisi harifaniri kutorwa sorwendo rwemushandi uyo ane kufamba kwebasa rebasa.

Nhungamiro yevashandi pamba rebhizimisi inofanira kunyorwa nehutungamiri hwemusoro we sangano. Kubva pane izvi, chikwata chekufambisa chinobudiswa, pane izvo zvakakosha kuratidza kutanga kwebhizimisi rwendo uye kupera kwaro, uyewo nzvimbo yekufamba. Pakupera kwebasa, mushandi anofanira kuisa mushumo pamusoro pebasa rakaitwa.

Kana mushandi akatumwa, anopiwa zvipo uye zvikwereti, izvo zvinoratidzwa mumutemo webasa sechikonzero. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

1. Kuchengetedzwa kwebasa uye nzvimbo. Mushandi haana kodzero yekuendesa pane imwe nzvimbo kana kuti akadzingwa pamutambo wevashandi (kana iyi isiri kubudiswa kwebhizimisi).
2. Kuchengetwa kwemari. Munguva yorwendo rwemushandi, wegaji yebhadharo inoramba iripo. Kana munhu wekugara achishanda chikamu-nguva, ipapo kubhadhara kwekufambisa mari, pamwe nekuchengetedzwa kwemari, inowira pane sangano rakamutumira parwendo. Kana mushandi wacho akatumirwa pamba rebhizimisi nemapoka maviri panguva imwechete, saka mubhadharo unofanira kuchengetwa zvose munzvimbo huru uye pamwe chete.
3. Kubhadhara kwekufambisa mari. Kudzokorora kwakadaro kunosanganisira: mafambiro ekufambisa, mari yekugara, mari yekuwedzera uye mari inobvumirwa kune mushandi nemvumo uye ruzivo rwemushandi.

Nzira yakakosha yekubhadhara inopiwa kune avo vashandi vanoshanda pakushandura. Sezvo nzira iyi yekuvashandira inogara iripo, panzvimbo yezvokubhadhara zvezuva nezuva, iyo inobhadharwa kune imwe yero yekutengesa mutengo.

Kufamba

Zviyeuchidzo uye kubhadharwa mumutemo webasa zvinotsanangurwa muchidimbu uye nekuenda kunoshanda pane imwe nzvimbo.

Kufamba kunowanzobatanidzwa nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana, uye mubhadhadzi anofanira kudzorerazve. Zvinotevera zvichabhadharwa:

• Mari dzinoshandiswa pakuendeswa kwebasa uye mhuri yake, pamwe nekufambisa kwepfuma huru (kunze kwekuti muvakisi anopa nzira dzinofanirwa kutakura kune mushandi);
• Mutengo wegadziriro munzvimbo itsva.

Nhamba yemari yekubhadhara inofanira kubvumiranwa pakati pemapoka akanyorwa.

Hondo yehurumende

Zviyeuchidzo uye kubhadharwa mumutemo webasa zvinopiwa kune vagari vanozadzisa zvigaro zvehondo. Vanhu vakadaro vanogona kuregererwa kubva kubasa nekuchengetedzwa kwebasa ravo rebasa uye muhomwe yemari (panguva yekuungana kwechiuto), kugamuchira kubhadhara kunobatanidza nekubhadhara kweimba, kubhadharwa kwekuenda kune imwe nzvimbo kana kufamba kubva kumba kuenda kubasa, kuwana bhizimisi kuenda kune nguva yekuongororwa kwechiremba, kuongororwa kana kurapwa kuitira chinangwa chekugadzira Pachiuto chekunyorwa, kugadzirira kubvumirwa kana kushanda muchiuto.

Kana zvikwereti zvakabatwa nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemutemo pamusoro pebasa rehondo rinotungamirirwa nesangano, ipapo kubhadhara kwavo kunoitwa kubva kumari yehurumende.

Kubatana nekudzidza nekushanda

Zvipupuriro uye zvikwereti mumutemo webasa uye kune vashandi vanobatanidza kuongorora uye basa zvakarongedzwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Chikamu chekudzidzisa (chinogona kugoverwa pachishandiswa cheti-chifoniso chinobva kuchikoro chekudzidzisa).
• Kuderedza kwezuva rakashanda.
• Kubhadhara kwekufamba.

Zviyeuchidzo uye mari inogona kupiwa kana:

• Nzvimbo yacho ine kubvumirwa kwehurumende;
• Iyo mushandi anozadza nguva yakakodzera mitemo yevadzidzi, asina zvikwereti zvemasemita, anoita mabasa ose anopiwa panguva;
• Mushandi wacho haana kumbobvira awana dzidzo yepamusoro.

Kana mushandi akadzidziswa mumapoka akawanda panguva imwe chete, ipapo kubhadhara kunopiwa maererano nekudzidziswa mune imwe yeiyo.

Kana mushandi achidzidza pasina, mubhadhadzi aripa nzira yake kamwe chete pagore. Pakukumbira kwebasa, uyo anoongorora mukusaziva kana muhuwandu hwemanheru, anogona kuderedza vhiki yekushanda kwemaawa manomwe kwemwedzi gumi asati agadzirira kugadzirisa nyaya kana kupfuudza mavhesi enyika.