Alternator: mudziyo, kuti uchishandisa pfungwa, chinangwa

Magetsi Nde mhando simba rokuita kubatsira basa munyaya zvose zvoupenyu hwevanhu. Iye anoita inofamba-siyana zvenhengo kunopa chiedza, rinopisa mumba uye uve yakawanda rose mano kuti zvinopa dzedu vakasununguka kuvapo panyika. Zvechokwadi, kwakadai simba riri kudenga nepanyika. Pairi unogona kuwana zvose zvaunoda, uye kuparadza kunyange kukuru kana zvisiri izvo.

Asi pane imwe nguva apo magetsi Marwadzo varipowo zvakasikwa, asi asingadi kubatsira munhu. Chii zvachinja kubva ipapo? Vanhu vakatanga kudzidza mumuviri mananara uye vava zvinofadza michina - transformers, izvo, zvarwo, uye akaita echimurenga achikwakuka mberi mubudiriro yedu, vachibvumira mumwe munhu kuti agamuchire simba nevamwe.

Saka vanhu vakadzidza kubereka magetsi kubva kwakajairika simbi magnets a uye zvokuimba kufamba - ndizvozvo zvose. emagetsi dzakavakwa, anokwanisa kununura hombe simba Rwako simba, akaverenga megawatts. Asi zvinofadza kuti nheyo kushanda michina izvi hazvisi nyore saka, uye kungava zvinonzwisisika kunyange kuyaruka. Chii chinonzi simba remagetsi? Ngatiedzei wofunga nyaya iyi.

The mugumisiro remagetsi induction

Hwaro chitarisiko magetsi ari kondakita ndiro electromotive simba - emf. Hazvina kuita kutamisira mhosva nezvimedu, izvo vakawanda chero simbi. simba iri rinowanika chete kana kondakita anonzwa kuchinja remagineti zvikuru. Kuvhiringidzwa pacharo unonzi remagetsi induction. EMF mukuru, chikuru mwero shanduko rinobva nekubudisa nemafungu. Kureva, zvinokwanisika pedyo zvachose magineti kufamba muitisi, kana munhu wakaiswa waya simba munda electromagnet, rinochinja simba rayo, mugumisiro ndiye chete - remagetsi vachaonekwa Windows Explorer.

On nyaya iyi, masayendisiti Oersted uye Faraday aishanda yokutanga yezana XIX remakore. Vakasunungurawo utano chinoshamisa. Zvadaro, pahwaro remagetsi induction zvakagadziriswa iyezvino emagetsi uye Motors. Sezvineiwo, michina izvi zvinogona nyore mudzoke kunyika imwe.

Sei emagetsi AC uye DC

Zvinonzi kunzwisisa kuti Magetsi jenareta - imwe muchina electromechanical kuti pave pari. Asi chokwadi chiri simba convert: mhepo, mvura, kupisa, chinhu chiri EMF, izvo kare pave kuitika mune kondakita. The midziyo ipi jenareta vangasimudzira hapana zvakasiyana kubva namahwindo conductive loop, izvo rotates pakati matanda magineti, sezvo ari wokutanga kuedza masayendisiti. Chete yakakura uwandu rinobva nekubudisa kunotangira ane simba zvachose magineti dzemagetsi kana kakawanda. Closed loop anotarira akafanana multi-dzokai coils, izvo jenareta yanhasi harisi chimwe asi zvinenge zvitatu. Izvi zvose zvinoitwa kuti vawane napo EMF.

Standard yemagetsi alternator (kana DC) unotora:

• Housing. It anoita mashandiro pamatanda mukati iyo stator wanamatira matanda ane electromagnet. Zvinonzi vakapakata Anti-kukweshera mabheyaringi yacho rotor mugodhi. It chakagadzirwa nesimbi, uyewo kunodzivirira yose nechomukati stuffing muchina.
• Stator rinobva mapango. It yakamisirwa munda ichitenderera rinobva nekubudisa. It chakagadzirwa ferromagnetic simbi.
• Rotor kana armature. Ichi chinjwa chikamu jenareta, nomubato iyo rotationally inobudisa extraneous simba. At chinoumba iri armature ane tichizviongorora excitation ichitenderera, uye sezvamakaropafadzwa magetsi aumbwa.
• Achitaurazve raiva pedyo nebundu. Izvi nhengo STRUCTURAL anoshandira nemagetsi zvinoisa kubva zvinofamba rotor mugodhi. Rinosanganisira conductive zvindori izvo movably nechokuita graphite ano yakaungana kutaura navo.

Kuunza DC

The jenareta pave zvakananga kuitika conductive wedunhu nzvimbo iri zvayaitenderera paguyo mune rinobva saturation. Uyezve, nokuti mumwe torque mumwe hafu loop riri pedo imwe -pole. The vachengetwe muitisi kuti hafu chijana iri kufamba chete negwara.

Kuti tiwane kubviswa nezvimedu, zvakagadzirwa simba rokubvisa mashandiro. Its chinhu ndechokuti mumwe hafu ichitenderera (puranga) kwakabatana kune conductive denderedzwagama. Semirings pachavo havana yakavharwa uye yakasimbiswa kuti dielectric zvinhu. Munguva, kana chikamu chimwe ichitenderera anotanga zvakaitika imwe padanda hafu mhete rinogumisa zvemagetsi vematunhu mapoka bhurasho kuonana. Zvakaratidza, nokuti mumwe chirwere anouya mumwe chete mhando yemakambani.

Correct achishevedza simba haasi kugara, uye pulsating, pamwe chete polarity. Pulsation nokuti chokuti rinobva zvinoyerera pamusoro muitisi panguva kutenderera anopa zvose kunonyanyisa uye pasipasi kushanda. Kuti vaenzanise ari pulsation, shandisa windings akawanda pamusoro rotor uye capacitors simba pamusoro mazano redunhu. Kuderedza rinobva nekubudisa nezvinhu musiyano pakati armature uye stator kuti usingashandi.

Scheme alternator

Kana chinjwa chikamu rikauya generating mudziyo kuitika majana mu conductors furemu uyewo vakafurira electromotive simba ari DC jenareta. Asi vashoma chepfungwa - the alternator nemuteresi raiva pedyo nebundu mudziyo une zvakawanda. Mariri, mumwe nomumwe wayo goho kwakabatana kune conductive mhete.

The uchishandisa nheyo AC jenareta riri sezvinotevera: kana hafu ichitenderera pemipata pedyo mumwe danda (imwe azvaitwa pedyo pakatarisana danda), dunhu kunoita magetsi mune imwe nhungamiro yaibva zvayo rezasi kusvikira kune rokumusoro kukosha uye shure razero. Kamwe ichitenderera vachinje nzvimbo hama danda, magetsi anotanga kufamba yayo negwara pamwe chete nguva dzose.

Kana dunhu iri inotengwa pa mazano waveform sechinhu Sine Wave pamwe Frequency hafu-mafungu chaienzanirana Kutenderera nguva rotor mugodhi. Kuti vawane hwega goho chiratidzo, sezvamakaropafadzwa alternator kakawanda riri kuramba, asi zvokuimba chikamu rotational nguva inofanira kuramba.

Magnetic emagetsi gasi mhando

Zvakagadzirwa kuitika emagetsi, apo panzvimbo simbi puranga rinoshandiswa senzira mutakuri kupomera conductive plasma, mvura kana gasi vanozivikanwa se MHD emagetsi. pressurized fuma Vakadzingana mu remagineti simba. Pasi pokudzora chete EMF induction akapomera nezvimedu vawane achitaura inofamba, nokusika munhu zvemagetsi iyezvino. Huwandu Kuyerera zvakananga Proportional kuti mwero panhoroondo kubudikidza rinobva zvinoyerera uyewo yaro simba.

MHD emagetsi vari nyore dzinovaka mhinduro - hapana vachishandisa kutenderera rotor mashandiro. simba izvi zvokushandisa vanokwanisa kukurukura yakakwirira simba goho munyika pfupi. Ivo anoshandiswa sezvo negadziriro yeparutivi mano uye kwechimbichimbi ezvinhu, zvashata ezvinhu. Coefficient Pakusarudza waivako (COP) ari mumuchina riri kupfuura ane zvemagetsi alternator.

Jenareta synchronous AC

Kune mamwe marudzi alternators:

• synchronous michina.
• asynchronous michina.

Synchronous AC jenareta ane chitarisiko ukama yakaoma pakati rotational kwebasa rotor uye kakawanda kubva kunotangira magetsi. In akadaro enyika, kuti rotor - a solenoid vakaungana kubva chinoumba, danda uye zvinofadza Coils. Recent dzinofambiswa kubva DC kwaibva Via brushes uye mhete kutaura navo. The stator ndiyo coils waya iri interconnected panheyo nyeredzi ine nevakawanda pfungwa - razero. Ivo waita emf uye magetsi paanenge kunotangira.

The rotor mugodhi nechido nesimba zvokunze, kazhinji turbines masangano ane maitikiro iri kugara uye nemasiraidhi akapendwa. Electrical redunhu connectable kuti jenareta yakadaro-danho matatu dunhu, kakawanda zviri kuitika munyika chete mutsetse inova danho zvava pedyo 120 madhigirii hama kune dzimwe mitsetse. Kuti vawane zvakarurama sine wave wave, kutungamirirwa rinobva zvinoyerera musiyano uri pakati stator uye rotor mugove iri akagadzirisa akaitwa ekupedzisira.

The excitation of alternator chinozoiswa ne nzira mbiri:

1. Contact.
2. Contactless.

In kutenderera nokudyidzana excitation pamusoro electromagnet ichitenderera uchaguta kuburikidza bhurasho Vaviri simba neimwe jenareta. jenareta Izvi zvinogona pamwe huru mugodhi. Kazhinji ane zvishoma simba, asi zvakakwana kusika yakasimba remagineti.

Napedyo musimboti inopa kuti alternator mugodhi ane mamwe matatu-danho ichitenderera, umo panguva kutenderera vakafurira electromotive simba iri vanowanika uye magetsi. Zviri kuburikidza kugadzirisa redunhu iri vaipa kune rotor excitation coils. Zvinovaka zvakadaro hurongwa asina zvinofamba vaaizivana, izvo huve nyore kuti hurongwa, zvichiita zvikuru hwakavimbika.

asynchronous jenareta

Pane asynchronous alternator. The mudziyo akasiyana ayo synchronous. Hapana chaiyo EMF zvichienderana kakawanda iyo rotor mugodhi rotates. Pane kudaro chinhu se "pitikoti S», iyo chimiro ichi musiyano zvinofurira. pitikoti ukoshi vagara vandifungira pakuverenga, saka kuti hazvina kunaka kufunga kuti vaisazova mapatani mu nedanho iri electromechanical induction injini.

Kana jenareta achimhanya chinhu, mutoro, ruchiyerera ari windings magetsi kuchaita vaunze munhu rinobva zvinoyerera iyo kunotadzisa vachishandisa kutenderera rotor pamwe akafanorongerwa maitikiro. Izvi unoumba yemasiraidhi, iyo, sezvingatarisirwa, kunokanganisa kugadzirwa EMF.

Modern AC induction jenareta mudziyo ane chinjwa chikamu dzakasiyana vaiurayiwa matatu:

1. Mhango rotor.
2. Tsindi-keji rotor.
3. Danho rotor.

Michina kwakadaro kunogona kuva rwokurega akazvimirira uye mafaro. The Zano yokutanga chinozoiswa nokuda kwebasa rinofanira ichitenderera capacitors uye semiconductor converters. Excitation ane yakazvimirira mhando pave wokuwedzera tsime AC simba.

emagetsi kwemutariri

All mukuru-simba simba mitsetse simba zvinobudisa-danho matatu magetsi iyezvino. Ane windings matatu, izvo zvinoumba rakatumbuka dzenzvimbo vari zvakachinja kubva mumwe ne 1/3 kumwedzi danho. Kana tikafunga mumwe nomumwe ichitenderera nesimba romugove, tinowana chimwe chinhanho rakatumbuka kuitika runoyerera mumutsara. Makakatanwa ari makumi ezviuru volts zvinogona jenareta. 220 The Mutengi anogamuchira kugovera transformer.

Chero alternator ichitenderera mudziyo ane mwero, asi kubatana kuti mutoro ane mhando mbiri:

• nyeredzi;
• Triangle.

The kushanda nheyo AC jenareta zvaisanganisira nyeredzi kunosanganisira pooling waya zvose (razero) kune rimwe, iro Uchabva mutoro kudzokera jenareta. Izvi imhaka yokuti chiratidzo (Magetsi) iri inoparadzirwa zvikurukuru kuburikidza exiting coils waya (mutsetse), unonzi Pasika. In tsika, zviri nyore chaizvo, haufaniri kudzura mimwe waya matatu kubatanidza mutengi. The voltage pakati mutsetse conductors uye mutsetse uye kwazvakarerekera waya zvakasiyana.

Kusanganisa netriangle jenareta windings vane pfupi pamwe chete mu dziri mudunhu rimwe. Kubva pfungwa maererano yavo goho mutsara mutengi. Zvadaro havadi kwazvakarerekera waya, uye voltage pamutsetse mumwe achava chete pasinei mutoro.

Kunakisa chete-danho-danho matatu AC isati ripple duku kana flattening. Izvi kunobatsirawo pamusoro romugove mano, kunyanya DC Motors. Uyewo,-danho matatu ichangobuda zvinowanisa ane kutenderera remagineti kokuyerera rinokwanisa kudzinga simba induction Motors.

Where zvinoshanda emagetsi AC uye DC

DC alternators yekudyidzana maduku kukura uye uremu kupfuura AC muchina. With kupfuura kunzwisisa chakagadzirwa pfungwa pane wokupedzisira, vachiri kushandiswa mumaindasitiri zhinji.

Main Kuparadzirwa vakagamuchira somupristi-nokukurumidza Zvifambiso mune michina apo nokukurumidza Panodiwa Somuenzaniso, simbi mashandiro, ari erevheta mugodhi achifinyamisa zvigayo. In zvekufambisa emagetsi aya kuiswa mune locomotives, matare siyana. A yakawanda yemashoko mhepo emagetsi anounganidzwa nokuda mumwe DC voltage kunobva.

DC emagetsi zvinoshandiswa chaihwo chinangwa nomoto, nokuti excitation of synchronous mhando emagetsi ari windings sezvo DC amplifiers, kupa electroplating uye electrolysis zvivako.

Kugadzwa alternator - kuti vaunze magetsi ari dzokutengesa pamwero. mhando iyi simba akapa vanhu Nikola Tesla. Sei kusandura polarity ari kuitika, pane kugara rinoshandiswa nevakawanda? Izvi imhaka yokuti kuchinjwa DC voltage yakakura nezvinhu zviri waya. Kureba waya, dzakanga kurasikirwa. AC voltage inogona kuendeswa pamusoro refu panguva zvikuru mari yakaderera. Uye iwe unogona exchange nyore imwe rakatumbuka voltage (richikwidibira uye Kumutsa izvozvo), iyo yakatanga jenareta 220 V.

mhedziso

Man kunzwisisa mhando remagineti kuti azara zvose. Uye yemagetsi simba - kunongova diki chikamu yakazaruka zvakavanzika zvose. The michina kuti yatinoti simba emagetsi, mune chokwadi nyore chaizvo, asi kuti vanogona kutipa, chete incredible. Asi chishamiso chaicho hachisi zvemichina, asi mupfungwa dzevanhu, rinogona kupinda kuva hariperi dura pfungwa yakauya muchadenga!