Anatomy: marongerwo uye kushanda auditory analyzer

Sound mafungu vari vibrations pane imwe maitikiro chinopfuudzwa yose mitatu nhau: emura, yakasimba uye gaseous. Kunzwisisa uye ongorora murume wavo ikoko kunzwa nyere - nzeve, chine wokunze, pakati uye kati, anokwanisa kugamuchira mashoko nekufambisa kuti kuuropi kuti kugadzira. Pfungwa iyi inoshanda mumuviri womunhu akafanana hunhu ziso. Marongerwo uye kushanda rinoonekwa uye auditory analyzers zvakafanana, musiyano uri kuti kunzwa asingadi kusanganisa makaseti frequencies, zvinotora akavasarudza, zvichida kunyange chokuudza siyana manzwi uye ruzha. Uyewo, ziso vasanganiswa chiedza mafungu kuwana mavara mavara uye maketeni.

Acoustic analyzer, mamiriro uye mashandiro

Photos chikuru Mapoka evanhu nzeve, unogona kuona munyaya ino. Nzeve - huru nhengo kunzwa muvanhu, zvinotora inzwi uye anotumira pamusoro kuuropi. Marongerwo mashandiro ari acoustic analyzer vari zvikuru vakwanise kuita nzeve mumwe chete ari chikwata basa kuchinjirwa pulses kubva eardrum kusvika hunde uye cortical pfungwa munzvimbo basa processing ari kugamuchira mashoko.

Muviri anokonzera omumwe zvemaziso ruzha, ine zvikamu zvitatu. Marongerwo kushanda zvikamu acoustic analyzer zvakasiyana, asi kuita vakawanda oparesheni - omumwe mitinhimira uye kutamira kune kuuropi mamwe kuongorora.

Rokunze nzeve, mamiriro ayo uye anatomi

Chinhu chokutanga rinonangana kurira mafungu munzira kuenda omumwe zvazvinoreva, ndicho chokunze nzeve. Anatomy zviri nyore: ndicho pinna uye zvokunze auditory canal, riri kubatana pakati pavo uye pakati nzeve. Pacharo kuchibva auricle cartilaginous ndiro 1 mm paukobvu, akafukidza perichondrium uye paganda, anobviswa tsandanyama rinenge uye haagoni kufamba.

Rezasi Chikamu goko - the divi rezasi renzeve, ichi mafuta rinenge akafukidzwa ganda uye kupinda yakawanda tsinga harinzwi. Uye zvakanaka zvinoenda imwe fanera singi auditory meatus, tragus kuduku protivokozelkom mberi uye neshure. Ari mukuru chikamu 2.5 cm refu uye 0.7-0.9 masendimita ari dhayamita, inoitwa chomukati uye membranous shwashwa-mapoka. Kungogumira eardrum, shure izvo pakati nzeve inotanga.

The Kamudzira chinhu fibrous pepa muchimiro ane denderedzwa, pose izvo kwakadaro zvinhu zvinogona kupatsanurwa kuva sando, shure uye mberi matanga pupochek uye pfupi ruoko. Marongerwo uye kushanda auditory analyzer, akapa zvakadai chikamu sezvo rokunze nzeve uye tympanic Kamudzira, basa rokutora ruzha kubudiswa zvavo zvikuru uye kuchinjwa zvadaro pakati chikamu.

The pakati nzeve, mamiriro ayo uye anatomi

Marongerwo uye kushanda auditory analyzer madhipatimendi vari zvikuru vakasiyana mumwe, uye kana anatomi rokunze chikamu zvose mutorwa, kudzidza mashoko pamusoro pakati uye yomukati nzeve dzinofanira vainyatsochenjerera. The pakati nzeve ndiyo pneumatic in mana interconnected uye panhera.

Huru Chikamu kuti anoita inokosha nzeve mashandiro - a tympanum, zvasangana nasopharynx eustachian sepombi, kuburikidza gomba iri rinowanika kufefetedza yose yezvinhu. Mhango pachayo ine makamuri matatu, uye madziro auditory ossicles matanhatu, izvo zvinozoita inoratidza nyundo, panhera uye stirrup. Marongerwo mashandiro ari acoustic analyzer pakati nzeve rokuchinja akagamuchira kubva kunze inzwi mafungu kupinda zvemaziso vibrations, uye ipapo zvinoparadzira navo Urume nezvizere mukati mhango Nzeve.

The nzeve yomukati, mamiriro ayo uye anatomi

Yomukati nzeve ndiyo kunzwisisa mamiriro ose matatu madhipatimendi ose kunzwa rubatsiro. Zvinoita sezvinoita maze, iyo iri mukati zvenyama pfupa, uye pfupa riri Kamudzira, uye nechekuita mukugarisana munhu membranous inotungamirwa, izvo inodzokorora nemamiriro mhou labyrinth. Conventionally, vose nzeve rakakamurwa huru zvikamu zvitatu:

• Average maze - vomukova;
• labyrinth pamberi - a nedhambakura;
• rwemberi labyrinth - migero matatu semicircular.

Labyrinth anodzokorora sechivako pfupa uye mhango pakati maviri hurongwa rizere perilymph, akafanana kwaro sezvamunoita yeplasma uye cerebrospinal mvura. Uyewo mhango iri membranous labyrinth vakazadzwa endolymph, murwiyo rakafanana intracellular mvura.

Kunzwa analyzer, maumbirwo ane nzeve, mukati nzeve Kanotokonya shanda

Vakuru, basa yomukati nzeve rakakamurwa huru mbiri Mabasa: kupararira inzwi frequencies kuuropi uye Kufambisa ari kufamba. A basa guru nokupfuuridzirwa inzwi kuuropi dhipatimendi anoita nedhambakura, akasiyana nhengo kuti anonzwa vibrations pamwe frequencies zvakasiyana. vibrations zvose izvi achipfeka basilar Kamudzira, akafukidzwa tufts masero bvudzi stereolitsy pamusoro. Zviri masero aya exchange vibrations kupinda nemagetsi nomunhu kuti kuenda kuuropi parutivi auditory etsinga. Ose bvudzi Kamudzira ane dzakasiyana kukura uye kunhonga kurira chete zvachose yakajeka maitikiro.

Nheyo nokushanda vestibular midziyo

Marongerwo uye kushanda auditory analyzer haagarimo vanofunga uye kubudiswa ruzha, izvozvo inoita basa rinokosha zvinonyatsorehwa gwenya basa murume. Nokuti basa vestibular midziyo, hunobata gwenya kufambisa, vasangane Urume kuti rizere chikamu munzeve. Huru basa iri kuridzwa pano nokuda endolymph, kunoshanda panheyo yacho gyroscope. Zvishoma kurereka musoro kunotungamirira wake kufamba, iye, uyewo, inoita Kutama otoliths, izvo kunovhiringidza bvudzi ciliated epithelium. Achibatsirwa akaoma Neural kwokubatana zvose mashoko iyi hwakatamisirwa zvikamu uropi, zvino vakatotanga basa Kufambisa uye Kudzikamiswa nemafambiro nokudzikama.

Zvingakubatsira kwakarongeka mudzimu vose nzeve uye pfungwa masero, kuchinja inzwi vibrations ari mashoko

Marongerwo uye kushanda auditory analyzer, izvo zvishoma kuongorora zvichibvira, kwete kutaurirwa rokutora machemero imwe kakawanda, uye ayo kutendeuka kupinda mashoko zvinonzwisisika nokuda kwevanhu kuziva. basa rose iri kuchinja chinosanganisira zvinotevera matanho makuru:

1. Capture rinonzwika uye sangano ravo riri auditory Canal kuti vabatsire eardrum kuti oscillate.
2. Vibration zvitatu auditory ossicles womukati nzeve, kunokonzerwa vibrations yacho eardrum.
3. Movement kuti Urume munzeve uye vibrations hairlike masero.
4. Kutendeuka vibrations kupinda nemagetsi nomunhu nokuda kwavo kupfuudzwa pamusoro auditory tsinga.
5. Kukurudzira nomunhu achitevedza auditory etsinga kuuropi zvikamu oshandura vave ruzivo.

Auditory cortex uye nekungorora

Chokwadi zvakanaka inoshanda uye yakanaka vaisazova basa mumativi ose nzeve, hwaizova maturo pasina mabasa uye kushanda uropi kunoshandura ruzha mafungu ose mashoko uye kutungamirirwa. Chinhu chokutanga rinonangana kurira nenzira kwayo, ndicho auditory cortex, riri pevane rwepanyama gyrus wouropi. Kune Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, izvo basa omumwe inzwi uye kuparadzana neeSultan zvose. Kana, nemhaka ipi uropi, akadai sitiroko, kukuvara madhipatimendi izvi, kuti munhu anogona kuva nesimba pane kunzwa kana kunyange kunzwa kurasikirwa uye anokwanisa kunzwisisa kutaura.

kuchinja Age-dzinorondedzerwa unhu uye acoustic analyzer

With kuwedzera makore munhu kuchinja mukushanda zvose hurongwa, mamiriro, basa, uye zera zvechadenga acoustic analyzer havasi kurwadziwa. In vanhu pasi pemakore vanowanzoodzwa chero kusanzwa, izvo vaiona kuti vasiri, t. E. Normal. Hazvina kufungwa nechirwere, asi kuchinja nemakore inonzi persbiakuzis kuti hakudi kurapwa, asi unogona chete kugadziriswa chaizvo anobatsira kunzwa.

Govera zvinoverengeka zvikonzero zvinoita kusanzwa vanhu vanenge vasvika zera muganhu:

1. Zvakachinja rokunze nzeve - rive dete uye laxity Nzeve, uye mutemo wenyika curvature Nzeve canal, kurasikirwa kukwanisa kwayo kutamira ruzha.
2. Thickening uye dzisavhiringidza yacho eardrum.
3. Kwakaderedza kufamba gadziriro womukati nzeve mapfupa, ari Rigidity mapfundo dzavo.
4. Aichinja muuropi munzvimbo anokonzera kubudiswa uye maonero mazwi.

Kunze zvatinosiita dzichipfekeka kuchinja mune utano munhu, chinetso chinogona akabatanidza kubudikidza nemamwe matambudziko uye migumisiro otitis akatakurwa pamusoro, vanogona kusiya mavanga pamusoro eardrum, zvinomutsa matambudziko mune ramangwana.

Mushure masayendisiti ezvokurapa ndakadzidza muviri chinokosha sezvo auditory analyzer (marongerwo uye mashandiro), kusanzwa anokonzerwa zera, kurega kuva dambudziko rose. Kunzwa zvinoyamura kuvandudza uye optimize chokupika nerimwe zvikamu maitiro uye kubatsira vanhu vakwegura kurarama zvizere.

Kugeza uye vatarisire kunzwa kwevanhu zvomukati

Kuti tirambe nzeve utano, kwavari, Kana muviri wose, unofanira yakakodzera uye yakarurama hanya. Asi, ndezvokuti, mune hafu kacho zvinetso nokuda kunyanya hanya, kwete nokuti havana rayo. Chikonzero chikuru - asina hanya orudovanie nzeve wands kana nedzimwe nzira kuti zvokuimba kuchenesa pamusaka sarufa zvigare Drum partitions, izvozvo anokwenya uye masanga perforation. Kuti tidzivise kukuvara vanofanirawo chete wachenesa rokunze chikamu chendima, pasina kushandisa midziyo inopinza.

Kuti tichengetedze yawakanzwa nani mune ramangwana vanoomerera yakachengeteka mitemo:

• Limited mimhanzi pamwe pamahedhifoni.
• Achishandisa chaiwo pamahedhifoni uye earplugs kana kushanda ruzha mafekitari.
• Kudzivirira ingress mvura munzeve dzenyu apo kushambira mudziva uye madziva.
• Kudzivirira chikosoro uye otitis hura muchando mwaka.

Kunzwisisa misimboti acoustic analyzer, zvaidiwa utano uye kuchengeteka mirayiro kumba kana kubasa kuti vabatsire kuchengeta kunzwa uye havana kutarisana dambudziko racho marwadzo ramangwana.