Apo shuramurove vanogara yechando uye chirimo?

Shuramurove, tinoziva kubva pauduku. Ndivo shiri kuti Vanogutswa adzo pamusoro matanda uye pamatenga edzimba dzedu. Vanoti kana ezimudo makasimbiswa, zvino, rufaro akapinda mhuri. Zvichida ndokusaka ichiyevedza makumbo marefu nerunako izvi uye dlinnoklyuvyh hapana anogumbura. Ivo vakapindura haana kutya vanhu.

Asi chokwadi, upenyu shuramurove hakusi nyore sezvo zvinoita. Pakati pavo pane vaya kuvhara kwaari uye usarega munhu kugara munzvimbo dzakawanda dziri kure. Izvi zvirokwazvo kufara kwete kumirira. Uye mumhuri siyana pamusoro shuramurove vane enviable fliers pagore kufamba zviuru makiromita, pane homebody vanoramba kumisha yavo handichazovadzingi. Apo shuramurove vanogara zhizha nechando, zvose kutsvaka wokuroorana naye, sei kudzidzisa vana vavo, uye chaiva chokwadi kuti vauye mufaro? Rega kuongorora.

Ndezvipi shuramurove

vanhu vashoma kumboona munhu mutete chena ine shiri rikasviba refu nemakumbo matsvuku ane refu dzvuku muromo. Vamwe Varidzi yomumunda kwokurangana manhamba akagadzirwa chakaita zvokugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakadaro shongedza mumapindu avo, kunyange kuvaka chakagadzirwa matendere pamusoro matanda uye akaisa manhamba ikoko. Shiri idzi ndidzo dzinonzi shuramurove. Maererano chevarwere zvavanotenda, vauye mumba zvakanaka zvizhinji - vana, mhanza, mari, mufaro. Pano uye akagadzirisa vanhu vavo muzvinhu zvavo, kana kwete akafa, zvino zvinenge chokunyepera. Life Stork zvakasikwa ndiyo yakaoma uye hunakidze.

Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti ivo refu nguva amire netsoka rimwe, achivhima, vanosvika muchirimo uye matsutso nhunzi, kuti havasi kuita zvakaipa. Unoziva vangani mhando pane shuramurove munyika? Maererano kwakajairika kupatsanura ivo marudzi matatu chete:

1. MYCTERIA (vakafanana zvishoma akafanana emumvura).
2. Openbill shuramurove (ivo nguva dzose vane zvishoma hafu-rakazaruka muromo).
3. Chokwadi shuramurove.

rudzi nomumwe ane maonero ayo. Saka, Sebastes mentella ndiwo:

• US;
• pfumbu;
• African;
• Indian.

Razin vari:

• African;
• Indian.

Uye kutarisa mazita kumusoro, munhu anogona kupindura, apo shuramurove zvipenyu izvi achararama. Asi vamwe mufananidzo akawanda ndiko Kunyatsoziva kwatiri chete shuramurove. Munhangemutange iyi shiri vari:

• dema;
• chena;
• chernoklyuvymi;
• belosheynymi;
• chena-bellied;
• US;
• Malay.

Pane mamwe maviri mhando shiri, dzakafanana shuramurove uye kunyange kuva mhuri neshuramurove - nayo yabiru uye svorenyama.

Ngatimboonai mamwe marudzi.

shuramurove chena

Ndivo shiri chete, nhamba dziri saka kwazvo yekurara mumapindu avo uye pombi zvimwe homeowners. Life of shuramurove chena, vaiita zvakanaka adzidza, nokuti nguva dzose maanonyatsowonekwa, hazvina kutya vanhu. Vanhurume Shiri idzi vachikura 125 masendimita kureba uye kuwedzera kusvika 4 makirogiramu. Saka kukura kwebasa azvo inogona kusvika 2 mamita. Rinodzora shuramurove chena (musoro, chipfuva, dumbu, mapapiro), chena, chete muromo minhenga uye dema mazano pamapapiro. Rinoteta zvavo dzakaonda uye refu, tsvuku ruvara, muromo, zvakare mutete uye refu, kazhinji piriviri. Portrait of a chena zimudo samochki zvakangofanana, chete saizi yaro zvishoma mwero.

Isa apo shuramurove mhenyu chena - iri kunyanya Mafuro uye marshes. Zvokudya ivo vanoshumira chero amphibians, nyoka (kazhinji, nyoka nenyoka), mvura makonye, zvipembenene. Havazvidzi vaivenga isu Medvedkov, mbeva makonzo, izvo kudya, chaizvoizvo kuunza mufaro mumba. Adult shuramurove usakanda mapfumo, kunyange kubva moles uye gophers leverets diki.

Zvinofadza kucherechedza sei shiri anovhima. Ivo zvishoma nezvishoma, sokunge hafu vakarara kufamba kuburikidza somunda wemarudzi kana Marsh, dzimwe nguva chando munzvimbo, sokunge nokufungisisa. Asi chete meso avo dzichawa chayabata, shuramurove vapenyu pakarepo uye nokukurumidza kubata mhuka yavo.

Shiri idzi kuvaka dzimba, sezvo vachiti, kwemazana emakore, uye usambofa vakavarega kuchinja. Nyaya kana mumwe dendere chakavapo kwemakore anoda kusvika 400! Chokwadi, nguva yose iyi, zvaitora hapana mumwe chete shuramurove. The rakapedza shiri idzi upenyu makore anenge 20, saka kuti mana emakore generational kuchinja hazvikwani. Asi "sandara" akaoma manyoro uye mashanga inogarwa vamiririri mhuri chete. Kunobva baba wakapfuura kuna mwanakomana wake, uye zvichingodaro.

Asi moyo kutendeka shiri idzi hakusi zvakawanda zvokutaura. Ivo kusika simba mhuri, asi chete chete mwaka. Munhurume anosvika yokutanga ugaro wake anodiwa, kutsiura izvozvo, kana zvichidiwa, uye anogara pasi kumirira akasarudzwa. Zvinogona kuva chero mukadzi, podletevshaya pakutanga kodzera tsvimborume. Anovhiringidza musana wake vasingadzoreki golovonku zvinenge anoriisa kumusana kwake, anovhura muromo wayo uye akatanga kuparidza chinofadza kurira. Kana pakarepo Panguva iyi kusvika kune dendere rimwe kurwa kuti mwoyo uye nzvimbo mhenyu, wokutanga anotanga naye yokugadzirisa zvinhu, uye hono zvokungoti hapana zvokuzviita kumirira ndiani kuhwina.

The chete nguva anonzwira hanya - kana pakarepo mumwe munhurume, uyo haadi kuvaka imba yako pachako, Pozar iri pfuma yake. Ipapo muridzi dendere zvakare runodzingira shure musoro wake uye rinotanga klatsat muromo, asi asisiri nomufaro, uye kwakakwidibira. Kana mupasa asingadi kunzwisisa nemadimikira, muridzi panosangana rikamusvikira uye chinokurwadza muromo.

Eya, mubvunzo ugere dzimba, pamwe akasarudzwa, zvakare. Mwenga nomuroori kugara dendere, vose vanorasira musana musoro wake shure uye kutanga muchifara, pamwe miromo uye zvinyoronyoro kurova mumwe chete beaks dzavo.

kubereka

Shiri idzi vakasarudza pachavo, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzeEurope, kusanganisira wokumaodzanyemba Switzerland, Leningrad nharaunda, rinenge nharaunda yose Ukraine, uye muna Belarus shuramurove zvekuti vakanga inonzi mapapiro chiratidzo munyika yacho. On mubvunzo apo shuramurove vanogara Russia, mhinduro ndeyokuti nhengo kwemarudzi chena shuramurove anogona kuwanikwa chete kumadokero chikamu, kubva kumuganhu pamwe kuUkraine Orel, Kaluga, Smolensk, muPskov uye Tver. A vakaparadzana nevanhu ane kuCaucasus uye Uzbekistan. Muchikamu European chikamu shuramurove vachibva kumaodzanyemba micheto Kurume-April.

Kusarudza peya, vanotanga kuti kuwedzera mhando. Kwepfuti nokungwarira dendere mamvemve, zvidimbu zvemapepa, minhenga uye shinda, nehadzi anoteya wokutanga zai tireyi uye pakarepo mberi hatching. Gare gare iye zvokuchinjana zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera manhu chena dangwe, asi 3-5 chete oblong.

It vakaona nzvimbo nekwavanogara shuramurove, vanofanira kuva vakanaka simba. Kuseri kwedzimba, apo vakavaka imba, panofanira kuva zvinonyadzisa uye kushungurudzwa, uye hondo zvakatonyanya.

Baba naAmai vari incubated mazai panguva anenge 33 mazuva. Nhiyo vanoberekwa sezvo zvakaenzana sezvo mazai. Ivo tinoberekwa anoona zvakanaka asi chose ndisingaite. Pakutanga unogona chete kuvhura beaks, uko vabereki kuisa kwavo mvura honye uye kuvapa kunwa mvura. Asi pashure pezvizuva muduku chizvarwa pachayo anokwanisa kuunganidza kwakadonha nomubereki nehonye uye kunyange kurasikirwa navo nhunzi.

Amai nababa akaramba nomusiyano yokurinda basa yevana vavo. The dukusa vari, zvinosuruvarisa kupa mukana kuzvitarisira, kungoita navo kubva dendere pasi. The nhiyo yasara nokukurumidza kuwana simba, asi vari novimba zvizere mazuva 55. zuva Next vanotanga kusiya dendere uye kudzidza kubata zvokudya zvavo pachavo. Vabereki ndikavapa kwamamwe mazuva 18. Manheru, vechiduku kumba kurara uye mangwanani zvakare kuenda kuchikoro.

vaitamira nzira

Vanhu vazhinji vanoshamisika apo shuramurove vanogara muchando, uye nei ivo kubhururuka. Mubvunzo wechipiri nyore kupindura - pakatanga okunze chando zvokudya zvavo nokupera. Mubvunzo wekutanga mhinduro zvikuru zvakawanda. Pazuva 70 zuva upenyu hwayo shiri manyana vari vaduku shuramurove kuungana mumapoka makuru, uye kubvira okupedzisira chirimo pasina vabereki Pack akatumira kumaodzanyemba.

Sei vanowana dzavo nzira apo kumbova, masayendisiti dzichiri nharo, asi chikuru kubvuma inochengeterwa muna majini ari nahwo shiri. Zvinonzi vakatenda vanotungamirirwa mumhepo kumanikidzwa, chiedza uye tembiricha. Zvinonzi akacherechedza kuti dzinobhururuka pamusoro hombe zvitunha mvura yakadai gungwa, shuramurove kudziviswa.

Adult shiri siya yezororo flats kumwe muna 15 fung Gunyana. Zvinoshamisa, zvinoitika, nokuti vaitamira yenzira zvinokosha, nekwavanogara shuramurove uye duck zvakare. Shiri vanopedza zhizha riri kumadokero Elbe, tama kuna Africa uye mugogara munzvimbo pakati Sahara uye achitsva musango. Kurarama kumabvazuva Elbe kuti nzira yavo kuburikidza Israeri uye Asia Minor, uye yakasvika Africa, chete kuti kumatunhu ayo okumabvazuva, uye dzinorara kwenguva refu munyika kubva Sudan kuSouth Africa. Shuramurove kubva Uzbekistan uye akapoteredza nzvimbo yechando saka kure regai kubhururuka, uye vatamire yakavakidzana India.

Pane vanhu shuramurove vaigara South Africa. Izvi kazhinji haazorambi tama, kurarama ndakagara. Regai kubhururuka muchando uye shuramurove kubva Europe, apo dzechando havana hasha, uye zvokudya anoramba achishingaira gore. Muchirimo ivo zvakare kuumba rongedza nendege kumusha, asi vechiduku vanogona kugara rwezasi gore, vaviri kana vatatu, asati asvika kukura.

shuramurove vatema

Vamiriri ichi mhando akakwanisa kupinda Red Book yenyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira Russia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Moldova, uye izvi pasinei nokuti vatema shuramurove, kusafanana chena, usambofa kugadzirisa pedyo kuvanhu, uye vanosarudza vega kupfuura kure uye kuvanzwa yokunzvera meso nharaunda, dzimwe nguva achikwira kumakomo kuti nekukwirira pamusoro 2 km.

Ivo kuvaka matendere mawere kana miti yakareba. Apo vari vatema shuramurove? Uyewo Europe, uye kuRussia vakaparadzira kubva reBaltic kusvikira kuFar East. Vanobhururuka kune chando muAfrica uye South Asia. Vanhu vaigara Africa, angarega kufamba.

Externally, shiri idzi ichiyevedza chaizvo. Kukura vane zvishoma muduku pane zvavo chena hama. Chikamu chikuru muviri wavo (musoro, mutsipa, shure, mapapiro) rikasviba nokupararira, chete dumbu chena, nei zviite sokuti sezvo kana shiri idzi akapfeka naka tuxedos.

The mutinhimira hwavo vakafanana shuramurove chena, asi pane zvishomanana kusiyana. Saka, mukono asingadi kumirira yokutanga inowanika hanya musikana, uye anokumbira naye kumba kwake, fluffed muswe uye chinoridzirwa muridzo. Kako izvi dzemarudzi vanoberekwa zvikuru vasingabatsiri kupfuura shuramurove chena, uye vanotanga kukwira makumbo chete pazuva rechi11. Asi ari dendere muduku anopedzera chete 55 (kanenge - kwechinguva) mazuva.

Nzira zvokudya uye govera navo shuramurove chena iri pamusoro chete. Kuyambuka michena shuramurove haasati kugona, pasinei kufanana zhinji.

Oriental White shuramurove

It inonziwo Chinese. Apo shuramurove uye Feeds anoita? Sezvingatarisirwa, akatora chinoshamisira pachake kuFar East uyewo China, South Korea, uye Mongolia. MuRussia, mune vanhu 3,000 chete.

yehuku Kudya kwakafanana kuti dzimwe hama dzaro - hove duku, zvipembenene, matatya, nemakonzo diki. Uyewo dema, Oriental White Stork anoda kukwira pamberi.

Externally, vamiririri kwemarudzi iri rakafanana shuramurove chena. Musiyano iri makuru hukuru, asi Chikurukuru ari mutsvuku yakaurungana ganda akapoteredza maziso uye dema ruvara muromo wavo, ndokusaka rimwe rudzi zita - Stork chernoklyuvy. Chinoshamisa, nhiyo Far Eastern shuramurove muromo vari red-orenji uye kako chena - black.

woolly mikukutu shuramurove

Kana uchifarira nekwavanogara shuramurove uye duck, mhinduro iri - pedyo madziva uye marshes - zvikuru yakakodzera chaizvo kuti shuramurove belosheynyh nokuti mukuru ndiro yavo kudya ndidzo matatya, hove kudzika uye rinorevei, zvinhu zvine upenyu nezvisina, uye mvura nyoka uye vamwe vamiririri fauna of kuti zvichaita kukwanawo mumuromo mayo. Somuenzaniso, kana iwe kutendeukira nyaya abate nemakonzo duku, woolly mikukutu nezimudo, zvakare, musapotse nguva.

Vamiririri mhando iyi Russia anogona kuonekwa bedzi munzvimbo dzinochengetwa mhuka. Musango yavanogara Africa, Java, Borneo, Bali nezvimwe zvitsuwa. Woolly mikukutu ezimudo - seshiri iri kukosha paavhareji, vachikura masendimita 90 White handina chete mutsipa asiwo pasi mudumbu, uye nechezasi minhenga .. Vose muviri, kusanganisira zvinoshamisa ngowani pamusoro wake rasviba uye kumativi minhenga shimmer zvakanaka. Makumbo shuramurove izvi refu, yellow-orenji-tsvuku, uye muromo uye haana zvakajeka ruvara, kongiri kuti noruvara vachena, tsvuku, yellow uye mashava.

chena-bellied shuramurove

Nhengo mhando vari rakafanana vazukuru vatema, asi iduku zvikuru pane saizi dzavo uye zviduku shuramurove. vanhurume Adult vanokura vasina masendimita anopfuura 73 kureba uye yose kurema kuti 1 kg. MuRussia, vanorarama chete munzvimbo dzinochengetwa mhuka uye hunhu dzinogarisana - South Africa, Central Africa uye pamucheto muArabhiya Peninsula. White-bellied shuramurove kudya makonye uye zvipembenene, nemakonzo uye nyoka regai kanganisa. It rinopedza kunonyanya mumasango, miti yakareba.

Ezimudo-neshiri yegungwa

Kune nzvimbo dzakawanda shuramurove uye duck kurarama, uye dzimwe yehuku - vanoda kugara pedyo mvura miviri. Somuenzaniso, openbill shuramurove. nzvimbo yavo - ndiye Madagascar, mativi Africa uye kuSoutheast Asia. Hapana kwechando, asi openbill shuramurove vachiri tama.

Vakasimuka kuti bapiro kana kupisa, uye madziva kwayo, uye saka, zvokudya zvavo nokupera. Kuti zvinokonzerwa kuti vaende ikoko, uko mvura achiri, uye zvinokwanisika kuti kubata hove uye nedzimwe mhuka.

Razin akagamuchira zita raro nokuda nemamiriro muromo, nguva dzose nokunenge zvishoma ajar. Kutaura zvazviri hunhu zvose vakafunga panze uye akasika beaks dzavo dzakashandisa vachidya mussels uye crustaceans, kwete chete hove uye matatya.

MYCTERIA

Nhengo genus iyi shuramurove zvishoma ichiyevedza, asi vamwe zvakaomera havana kunzwisisa haapi kukura (vari anenge kwakaenzana shuramurove chena), asi kutoti hwakasimba muromo. Sebastes mentella plumage iri kunyanya chena, asi mhando ane Indian kuti tsvina-kuchena, neminhenga matema pamapapiro ayo. The US - vachena musoro, uye vachena, nekusiyana - musoro chena, asi minhenga pamapapiro vari vachena.

Sebastes mentella vanogara America, Asia uye Africa, kusarudza machakwi pamapani, apo unogona kuwana zvakawanda zvokudya, uye apo pane miti yakareba kuvaka matendere adzo pamusoro pavo. Sebastes mentella sezvo shuramurove chena, havasi kutya kugadzirisa pedyo vanhu, kazhinji vanogona kuwanikwa muminda yomupunga muguta Park uye pamiti kana matanda kumaruwa. Munhangemutange iyi shiri yaizivikanwa kuvimbika kwete chete musha wako, asiwo shamwari. Saka, huni neshuramurove pozi wokuroorana naye upenyu.

Chero mhando shuramurove yakasiyana. MuRussia, kuchengetedza vanhu kurarama munharaunda yayo yeshiri akasika vapore nzvimbo (mu Leningrad, Moscow, Ryazan, Kaluga, Smolensk uye Tver kumatunhu). Panogona kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva navose vanowana shuramurove kana dzavo kako pakutambudzika.