Fertile Crescent: tsananguro, nhoroondo, jogirafi uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Nyaya pamusoro Middle East dzimwe nguva ruchitedzemuka mashoko "Fertile Crescent", iro rinoita kuvhiringidzika pakati uninitiated. Imhandoi kirisendi? Nei zvakadaro yakaorera? Ngationei, zvinonakidza!

Crescent Nyika

Fertile Crescent - imwe nzvimbo kuti yaimbonzi kuMiddle East. Zvinonzi anonzi kuti kirisendi chimiro zvirokwazvo nowenyika usiku richibwinya iri hafu-danho. Hama kubereka: Ndezvemuranda inozivikanwa nzvimbo paucheche kwenyika budiriro, uye anongoda nzvimbo yechizvarirwo hwokurima, bota uye breads, uyewo akakurumbira Egyptian Dolina Nila. Nzvimbo Iri akapfuma chaizvo ivhu uye kunonaya zhinji muchando.

Chimwe zita riri nzeve - "Golden Triangle". Mazita maviri aya kakawanda anonzi munharaunda iyoyo, asi zvakaipa. Hongu, uye "Fertile Crescent", uye "Golden Triangle" - mazita ndima, anotaura chakatodzana avo nenhamba. Asi kusiyana wokutanga, "Golden Triangle" - akwirwe nzvimbo kumiganhu Thailand, Laos uye Burma. Kukudzwa kubudikidza ndechokuti zviri pano kuti akaberekwa uye kwakapararira kusvikira maviri remakore, musimboti kugadzirwa nokuparadzirwa chinodhaka. The musiyano kugadzwa nzvimbo mbiri pachena.

nzvimbo

Nepariri, nzvimbo iyi anopindura imwe nzvimbo Saudi Arabia achitevedza kuchamhembe kumucheto kwerenje reSiriya. Kumadokero kumucheto kweGungwa reMediterranean, kumabvazuva hunogara muMakomo neZagros. It anopindura Lebanon, Siriya, Iraq, Israel, Jorodhani uye mativi Turkey. Crescent ivhu rakaorera - ndima weMesopotamia yekare uye Levant.

Rakagumbatirwa pakati neeSultan gomo, vanoverengeka nzizi anezvimiti, mvura mvura yakakwana, asi nzvimbo pamharadzano dzenzira kuti Africa, Asia - the raora zvose izvi zvinhu zvakatungamirira kuti ino chaiyo nzvimbo aizova mai akakurumbira pakati arable dzokurima, kurima uye zvipfuwo.

The neolithic chimurenga

Very zvakanaka nzvimbo kwakakanganisa kuti Fertile Crescent nharaunda akava nemadzinza ose ari neolithic chimurenga. Saka akadana Kuchinja amarudzi yekare kuunganidzwa kuti kugadzirwa. Izvi hazvina kuitika kamwe kamwe uye pakarepo, pamusoro womumwe urongwa. Process kwakatora emakore, asi chikuru kuchinja, Burst muupenyu hwevanhu, unotipa kumutumidza echimurenga.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti madzinza vekare kuti uwane chouviri avo, kusarudza chikamu anobudiswa zvakasikwa. Zvokudya vakauya kuvhima, hove uye muunganidzwa vakagadzirira-michero, howa, mbeu uye michero. Zvishoma nezvishoma nokuisa kundima, munhu anonzwisisa murume akaona kuti mbeu haagoni kungoita kuunganidza uye uparadzire kunyanya inotevera kukohwa. Migumisiro basa iri kwakaita kwete chete kuti vachinje mararamiro, asi kune zvikuru zvechokwadi kuchinja mukufamba kare. Vanobudirira upfumi - ndiyo nheyo upenyu zvose zviri kuitika munyika yose kuvapo.

History uye kurima

Yokutanga dzavanhu vakaedza mudyare uye kubudisa aingova marudzi kuti vazadze Fertile Crescent. History rinoti chikonzero chikuru kumanikidza zviito izvi, zvikuru mamiriro shanduko mushure Ice nguva. Zvakangoitikawo kuti nharaunda weMesopotamia uye Levant yakaramba kupfuura yakaorera, apo pakati muEgipita kwakabva yebudiriro kukanganiswa inopisa uye yakaoma okunze.

Basa iri kurima zvakakonzera ndakagara madzinza, guta rokutanga. nyika uye chirimwa kubudiswa vakakurudzira chisikwa maturusi chitsva, tableware kuchengetwa, itsva nzira kubika. In newokuti akatanga kuva nevhu, mhuka minda, kurukiswa. Pane chigayo uye vira kubikira chingwa. nyika yakaorera unobereka zvirimwa yemuraudzo, izvo zvinogona vakatsinhanisa kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvakakodzera. Sezvo zvokurima zvakakonzera kukura kutengeserana.

Kubva zvokurima kuti mhuka minda

Mhuka rokutanga kuti akagadzirisa pedyo munhu, vaiva imbwa. The dzasara mhando vavakidzani yomusango vakanga vachivhima nokuda chinyakare marudzi yacho, uye tarisiro kudya nyama. With kukura zvokurima kubudiswa minda akatanga kutora zvakawanda nguva, uye nyama vaiva "nokuti kukohwa yemberi," kuti unobatwa uye akaramba ari mumatanga. New vanhu vakatanga kuonekwa kare muutapwa.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, vanhu vakatanga kudya mukaka, kushandisa rubatsiro mhuka muminda. mhuka akapingudzwa uye dzaichengetwa hakuchisina vaiona chete sezvokudya. Vakatanga kushumira vanhu. Zvishoma nezvishoma akachinja zvavo tsika, zvaisazogona, uye kunyange chitarisiko uye urongwa zvomukati. Fertile Crescent aiva nzvimbo yechizvarirwo zvezvipfuwo nembudzi, namakondobwe, nzombe namabhiza. Kunyange katsi kuti vanozivikanwa kufamba refu oga, kokutanga vakabatana nemhuri pachoto chiri kuMiddle East kugarwa.

Life bota

Nei chikuru chirimwa Fertile Crescent simbi zviyo? Madzitateguru anopenga gorosi, bhari, nenyemba akakurira pakati rekushongedzesa munzvimbo yakakura nzvimbo nyika. The exclusivity wenharaunda Mesopotamia yekare ndechokuti ichi ndimo okunze uye ivhu vaiva kupfuura yakaorera kuti kubereka kwavo uye kurera seeding nzira.

Rokutanga "akapingudzwa" zviyo kuva gorosi nebhari. zvirimwa zvavo kunge zvaiitikawo pano sezvo mangwanani sezvo kuguma IX remakore BC. e. Ani naani Musiki womunhu, akatora kutarisira dzakatsarukana zvokudya naye! Kuchinja nguva uye manakiro, dzimwe mhando apere uye itsva, uye zviyo, kurima uko kwakatanga "Fertile Crescent", kuramba chinokosha zvokudya chigadzirwa nguva dzose.

Tsanga dzine rinenge rose-siyana zvakafanira kuti vanhu mavhitaminzi muviri B. Fiber nechipiriso kunobatsira kurwisa remafuta akawandisa zvakaipa. Chingwa zviyo - zvokudya vari kukurumidza rokunyorovesa muviri, hazvina kunokuvadza uye dzinobatsira simba chekuchengeta. Grain - zvitubu magnesium, selenium, folic acid. Muchidimbu, tsanga dzine zvose zvinhu zvakafanira kuti basa utano wevapenyu muviri.

A zvishomanana nezvendima chingwa

Recipes kubikira chingwa pasina nhamba. marudzi akasiyana-siyana akaita nenzira dzakasiyana. Imwe Kufanana - hwaro upi chingwa zviyo. Hatigoni kutaura kuti nzvimbo yechizvarirwo rokutanga akabika chingwa aiva Fertile Crescent.

• First chingwa anopfuura zviuru 30 makore. Vakanga zvisina kuviriswa rodzvurwa zviyo, chakabikwa pamatombo kupisa.
• The akawanda ekare muchimiro chingwa - Eastern Pita Middle.
• Chingwa chakaviriswa chakabikwa muIjipiti yekare.
• marudzi ose chingwa kupa zvemashiripiti simba uye kukwanisa kusimbisa. Vanoshandisa muna mhemberero dzakawanda dzechitendero.
• chingwa Most kudya Turkey.
• Chingwa - hwaro zvokudya 99% vagere panyika.