ASCII yekubvuma (American mwero yekubvuma kuti mashoko kuchinjana) - inokosha chinyorwa yeEncoding nokuda Latin arufabheti

Maererano neInternational Telecommunication Union, muna 2016 Indaneti chete zvakawanda kana zvishoma nguva kushandisa mabhiriyoni matatu nehafu vanhu. Vazhinji vavo kunyange kufunga kuti chero mashoko avatumira Via munhu PC kana pafoni midziyo, uyewo magwaro anonyorwa pamusoro monitors yamarudzi ose, Chokwadi, kunosanganisira 0 uye 1. Izvi kunonzi encoded cherudo ruzivo. Inopa uye hwezvekukurukurirana ari Implementation waro kuchengetwa, kubudiswa uye hutachiwana. Muna 1963, kuti US ASCII remitemo yambokurukurwa, inova nyaya ino.

Mharidzo mashoko ari kombiyuta

In Pakuurayiwa chero yemagetsi kombiyuta rugwaro muunganidzwa netumedu vatambi. Pakati pavo vane kwete tsamba, kusanganisira guru, asi dzomutauro mavanga, nhamba. Uyezve, rinokosha zviratidzo anoshandiswa "=", "&", "(" uye dzezvimwe.

A muzvizhinji zviratidzo anoumba wenyaya, rinonzi arufabheti, uye nhamba - simba (runotaurwa sezvo N). Kuziva mashoko N = 2 ^ b, apo b - nhamba mashoko matomu kana chimwe chiratidzo uremu.

Rakaratidza kuti simba 256 vatambi earufabheti unokubvumira pasi zvakakodzera zvose vatambi vari.

Sezvo 256 ane 8 dhigirii maviri, ipapo uremu mumwe nemumwe ane 8 matomu.

Unit nechiyero 8 matomu inonzi 1-byte, saka tinoti binary remitemo upi hunhu mu rugwaro inochengeterwa pamusoro kombiyuta yako, anopindura mumwe byte okuyeuka.

Ko yeEncoding

Chero chinyorwa akapinda muna PC ndangariro kuburikidza kiibhodhi makiyi, pamusoro zvakanyorwa nhamba, tsamba, nyora mavanga uye zvimwe zviratidzo. In ndangariro vari chinopfuudzwa mu binary code, kureva, mumwe mufananidzo vakanyora mamiriro ayo kuna yaizivikanwa grade remitemo munhu kubva 0 kusvika 255, izvo unoenderana binary remitemo - .. From 00000000 kusvika 11111111.

Byte hunhu yeEncoding anobvumira processor anoita kubudiswa wenyaya, anoreva mumwe mutambi yoga. Panguva iyoyowo, iyo 256 vanotaurwa zvakakwana angamirira unhu ruzivo.

Coding ASCII vatambi

chidimbu ichi rinomirira Chirungu American mureza yekubvuma kuti ruzivo kuchinjana.

Kunyange panguva pakuvapo computerization, zvakava pachena kuti zvinokwanisika kukwira siyana nzira yeEncoding ruzivo. Zvisinei, uchatamisa mashoko kubva kombiyuta mumwe aifanira kuva chete mwero. Saka, muna 1963 paiva ASCII-tafura US. It chero arufabheti unhu kombiyuta iri basa kutevedzana nhamba iri binary mufananidzo. Pakutanga, ASCII remitemo inoshandiswa chete muUnited States, uye akazova remarudzi mureza PC.

tafura Mukati

ASCII Codes vari muzvikamu 2 nhengo. mureza International iri kuonekwa chete nehafu rokutanga tafura. Hunosanganisira bumbiro kubva kutevedzana nhamba 0 (coded sezvo 00000000) kusvika 127 (bumbiro 01111111).

Table yeEncoding uppercase uye lowercase tsamba vari kutevera mumwe mune earufabheti uye nhamba - vachikwira tsika. Pfungwa iyi rinei nokuda arufabheti weRussia.

dzora vatambi

tafura ASCII yeEncoding pakutanga akagadzirirwa mabiko uye kupararira mashoko ichi hakuchisina aishandiswa mudziyo sechipiriso teletype. Panyaya iyi, chimiro yakatarwa kwaisanganisira nonprinting kushandiswa sezvo mirayiro kudzora mudziyo. mirayiro kwakadaro zvaishandiswa akadaro pre-kombiyuta mashoko mitoo akafanana Morse code, uye zvichingodaro.

Rakajairika "teletype" chiratidzo ndiye NUL (00 "razero"). Achiri kushandiswa mapurogiramu mitauro yakawanda, zvichiratidza chiratidzo pakuguma mutsetse.

Apo akashandisa ASCII yeEncoding

American Standard Code kunoda rugwaro kupinda kiibhodhi kwete chete. It rinoshandiswawo pachati. Kunyanya, ASCII Art Maker chirongwa mifananidzo zvinomiririra siyana Extensions chakarondedzera ASCII unhu yeEncoding.

zvigadzirwa izvi kupinda mhando mbiri: zvakajeka vapepeti kuita mashandiro kuburikidza rokutendeutsa chifananidzo kupinda rwezuva uye vatendeuki kuti "Pictures" iri ASCII-Graphics. Somuenzaniso, wakaziva inonyatsoratidza Smiley Coding chiratidzo.

ASCII inogona kushandiswa kana kusika gwaro HTML. Muchiitiko chino, unogona kupinda chine vatambi chiratidzo unoenderana bumbiro iri vachaonekwa kana kuona peji pamadziro.

ASCII kunodiwa kusika mitauro nzvimbo, sezvo zviratidzo kuti hamuzi rudzi tafura zvikuru, ne ASCII-Codes.

zvimwe

To encode chinyorwa mashoko ari ASCII pakutanga kushandiswa 7 matomu (mumwe akaramba chinhu), asi nhasi iye anoita 8-wedzeredzei.

The tsamba, izvo riri zvikamu zviri kumusoro uye pazasi, vakasiyana mumwe chete chete wedzeredzei. Izvi zvinoderedza zvikuru kunzwisisa kwakaita bvunzo.

ASCII kushanda muna Microsoft Office

Kana zvakakodzera, kwakadai yeEncoding chinyorwa mashoko anogona kushandiswa murugwaro vapepeti neMicrosoft, vakadai nebhuku rokunyorera, uye Office Word. Zvisinei, kana achitaipa muchiitiko ichi, iwe haugoni kushandisa mamwe mabasa. Somuenzaniso, iwe havazokwanisi kuita noushingi sezvo ASCII hunhu anoramba chete zvinoreva mashoko, vachifuratira kwayo kwose chimiro uye chimiro.

Standardization

The sangano vakatanga ISO mureza ISO 8859. boka iri inorondedzera masere-ikakuruma yeEncoding kuti akasiyana mutauro. Zvikurukuru, ISO 8859-1 - ndiro vaite ASCII, ndiro tafura United States uye Western Europe. A ISO 8859-5 - ndiro tafura kushandiswa Cyrillic arufabheti, kusanganisira mutauro wokuRussia.

For zvenhoroondo zvikonzero ISO 8859-5 rinoshandiswa kwenguva pfupi nguva.

Nokuti mutauro Russian panguva chaizvoizvo kushandiswa yeEncoding:

• CP866 (Code Page 866), kana Dos, iyo inowanzonzi kumwe yeEncoding GOST. Zvakanga achishingaira kushandiswa kusvikira pakati 90-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Panguva iyoyo, anenge kumboshandisa.
• Koi-8. Coding yakazokudziridzwa muna 1970-80s, uye panguva iyoyo chinhu chakajairika mwero e-mail mashoko ari RuNet. Vakawanda kushandiswa mumhuri Os Unix, kusanganisira Linux. "Russian" shanduro Koi-8, rinonzi Koi-8R. Uyezve, pane shanduro vamwe Cyrillic mitauro akadai Ukrainian.
• Code Page 1251 (CP 1251, Windows - 1251). Yakataurwa Microsoft kutsigira kuti mutauro wokuRussia muna Windows zvakatipoteredza.

The chikuru mukana CP866 rokutanga mureza chaiva kuchengetedza ekunyebera zvakajeka vacho chete nzvimbo sezvo ari vaite ASCII. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kumhanya kuchinja rwezuva chepurogiramu, vatorwa kugadzira, akadai yakakurumbira Norton Wehondo. Panguva iyi CP866 rinoshandiswa zvirongwa rakagadzirirwa Windows, izvo ishande zvakazara-screen chinyorwa maonero kana mumabhokisi rwacho, kusanganisira kure Manager.

Computer magwaro akanyorwa CP866 yeEncoding, wePonto chaizvo zvisingawanzoitiki, asi rinoshandiswa kuti filenames Russian mu "Vindous".

"Unicode"

Panguva iyoyo, chinonyanya kwakapararira yeEncoding ichi. Codes "Unicode" riri mumunda. Wokutanga (+ U kubvira 0000 kusvika U + 007F) unosanganisira kutaridza ASCII vatambi vane Codes. Uchiteverwa munda mabhii munyika mabhuku akasiyana, uyewo nyora uye michina zviratidzo. Uyezve, chikamu bumbiro "Unicode" Makaichengeterwa kana kudiwa zvinosanganisira vatambi vatsva mune ramangwana.

Zvino munoziva kuti mune ASCII mumwe nemumwe anomiririrwa sezvo mubatanidzwa 8 Kwemagandanga Achishandisa Kombiyuta. Munhuwo zvake, mashoko aya angaita basa uye uninteresting, asi haudi kuziva zviri kuitika "muuropi" kombiyuta yako?!