Encapsulation - chii ichi? Encapsulation mu mapurogiramu

Encapsulation - ichi ndechimwe vatatu chikuru zviri zvirongwa chinhu-zvinangwa (OOP). The mamwe maviri - polymorphism uye nhaka. Pamwe chete vanoumba PLO kuumbwa iyo anorasira zvakawanda zvinoitwa zvirongwa kunyora mumitauro, vachishandisa nheyo idzi nhatu. mitauro chinhu-zvinangwa, akavapindurawo, tinosungirwa zvikuru kutevera.

OOP Basics

Chinhu vaifarira zvirongwa pambiru vatatu kwayo zvisikwa:

• Polymorphism, Pakupindura sei imwe zvirongwa mutauro anobata zvinhu kuti vane ukama nemumwe, nenzira yakafanana.
• Nhaka, achipa mhinduro, sei kweiyi kushandisa reusable remitemo.
• Encapsulation, inova mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti achivanza Implementation kunoitika, uye nokudaro date kuvimbika.

mazwi

Encapsulation (zvirongwa) - iri kushandisa mukana modifiers kuti kuvanza zvimedu remitemo pamuuyu user. Anaro, uyewo, zvinoreva yokuvaka kana nhaka nzvimbo.

Musimboti pfungwa "encapsulation"

The Tsanangudzo kutaura kuti kuburikidza encapsulation zvaireva kuvanza zvose kana chikamu chepurogiramu remitemo. Musimboti pfungwa "encapsulation" ndiko kuti havarongi kuwana modifiers. Izvi zvinoreva kuti yokuvaka anogona kusarudza ehupfumi, nzira, uye makirasi richava rakazaruka kuti yeGmail.END_STRONG-kirasi, uye chii - zvakavigwa.

kuwana modifiers

Kune kuwana modifiers, izvo, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, anokwanisa manipulyarivat encapsulation (Java zvirongwa):

• yavose ( "Public" - voruzhinji, rakazaruka mukana) - mugove zvose kuitika zvidzidzo uye zvinhu, uye kuti kunze nyika;
• voga ( "prayvat" - voga, private, yakavanzika mukana) - akavhara kuwana, musimboti chiri chose zvakapesana yapfuura mumwe. Inopa tinopinda chete mukirasi ano;
• kudzivirirwa ( "protekted" - akadzivirirwa, hafu-zvakavanzika mukana) - Access kukirasi kuitika nezvinogadzirwa nomukaka;
• default - kutaurwa kuwana modifier zvinoreva kuti munda / nzira inogona kuonekwa vose kuitika makirasi ari pasuru.

In C # mutauro ( "Si Sharp"), kuwedzera kune apa (kunze okupedzisira), kuchine modifiers:

• zvemukati ( "nechomukati" - womukati kuwana) - Accessibility paungano ano, indoor kuwana zvimwe zviitiko zvose;
• zvemukati kudzivirirwa ( "zvemukati protekted" - zvemukati Kudzivirirwa Access) - mubatanidzwa modifiers maviri rimwe umo pachena ehupfumi vaviri vavo.

Basa encapsulation

encapsulation mashandiro anobvisa kwokunze rokuchinja bumbiro uye kushandisa mashoko midzi mauri. Izvi zvinoitwa kubatanidza bumbiro uye mashoko kupinda chimwe.

Chinhu uye encapsulation

Tikatora Implementation ane-software module uye nemashoko midzi muna code, zvirongwa anonzi chinhu. Musimboti maererano dzaro encapsulation ndechokuti yakadaro nzira kunoita kuramba uye nechokwadi kuvimbika kushanda mashandiro.

Kunakisa encapsulation

Encapsulation - nzira nyore kuti yeEncoding rikurumidze. Zvakawanda mitsetse bumbiro vari "seri noruzhinji", uye huru basa kirasi chinoenda chokuramba zviitiko.

Pfungwa date kudzivirira

Encapsulation - asiwo mashandiro kuti anoziva pfungwa date kudzivirirwa. Program pfungwa chinhu vaifarira zvirongwa inovakwa maererano chii dzakawanda Data vachava yakavanzika kuwana modifier private (private, private) kana akadzivirira (kudzivirirwa). Kunze nyika, mutengi netsaona kana nemaune haangatenderi kukuvadza Implementation imwe-software module. Nokuti chokwadi zvinova nyore zvikuru kuti kunyange pamusoro chinangwa, encapsulation - iri musimboti yakanaka chaizvo.

encapsulation chikwata

Class, sezvo inokosha chairema encapsulation uye rinotsanangura mashoko unotora munhu code, rinogona ushande mashoko aya. Ndiyewo hwaro pakuvaka chinhu. The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, inopiwa somuenzaniso.

Akashandisawo zvinotevera mazwi:

• nhengo - ndiwo bumbiro uye nemashoko zvaisanganisira mukirasi;
• minda kana Somuenzaniso variables - vanonzi umboo kuti inorondedzera kirasi;
• nhengo mabasa - ane bumbiro pachayo. Nhengo mabasa - chimwe zita. A nyaya inokosha - nzira.

Encapsulation chaicho muenzaniso

Encapsulation (zvirongwa) Muenzaniso:

* Note:

rondedzero - rondedzero nzira / pfuma / shanduka, kureva nezvemashoko chii chaizvoizvo zvinoitika chirongwa. Zvinonzi akaratidza pachishandiswa hwomukova / okupedzisa Tags

kushandisa System;

namespace OOPLibrary.Auto

{

///

/// kirasi iyi rinotarisirwa kutsanangura motokari chiito

///

voruzhinji kirasi Auto

{

///

/// variables zvakasikwa kuti unyore mariri, kuti makore akawanda motokari, sezvo kwokunze kuvhiringidzwa mubasa pfuma yokuvaka inokurukura okushamisira

/// modifier segwapa private, i.e. akavharwa, private mukana (ona. Rondedzero pamusoro).

///

private Int _age;

///

/// A boolean (mbiri chete tsika zvinobvira - hongu kana kwete), iyo inorondedzera kuti motokari zvinofamba panguva

/// Zvinofanira kuva zvakare rakazaruka pakuguma User, ani akanga. Naizvozvo shanduka iri basa muchihwande kuwana modifier "prayvat"

///

private bool _isMoving;

///

/// Izvi tambo shanduka zvinofanira ane ruzivo pamusoro ruvara mumotokari. Rinogona kushandurwa ne Kufurirwa nevamwe

/// nokuti ruvara modifier akasarudza rakavhurika kuwana "pachena".

///

voruzhinji tambo Color;

///

/// Kunyanya nyaya iyi, taifunga kuti zita motokari, zvakare, anogona kuchinja

/// basa rimwe modifier pamusoro paruzhinji (rakavhurika kuwana vose, zvisinei mukirasi kana gungano).

///

voruzhinji tambo Name;

///

/// rinovhura kirasi constructor, uye zvivako vose vakaratidza shanduka uye akaisa zvishoma apfuura, kuwana tsika dzavo

///

voruzhinji Auto ()

{

_age = 5;

_isMoving = venhema;

Color = "Purple";

Doma = "car Octavia";

}

///

/// Nzira anoziva kudzokera kukosha motokari zera. Nei izvi zvakafanira?

/// private kuwana modifier hazvirevi zvigoneke kuti munhu anoda kubetserwa kuchinja.

///

/// Unodzokera nemakore mumotokari.

voruzhinji tambo GetAge ()

{

dzokerai "Panguva iyoyo, mashoko akasarudzwa muchina" + _age + "kwemakore.";

}

///

/// Kana motokari hakusi, nzira iyi zvokurimisa kutanga kufamba. Macheki shanduka oboznalsya, mamiriro ezvinhu motokari (vaifamba kana kwete), uye, zvichienderana zvabuda, chiito chakakodzera / mashoko unoratidzwa.

///

voruzhinji anoshaiwa Start ()

{

kana (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "The kufamba watopiwa akatanga");

}

mumwe

{

_isMoving = wechokwadi;

Console.WriteLine ( "Akagadzirira, Set .. Enda kure!");

}

}

///

/// Kana inofamba yakatangwa, nzira iyi vanomumisa. The chete chirongwa pfungwa sezvo muzvirevo nyaya vaiona.

///

paruzhinji anoshayiwa Stop ()

{

kana (_isMoving)

{

_isMoving = venhema;

Console.WriteLine ( "Stop Machine");

}

mumwe

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Error motokari uye saka mira, haifambi");

}

}

///

/// chinozoiswa kuruboshwe dzokai, kana paine motokari

///

paruzhinji anoshayiwa MoveLeft ()

{

kana (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "Tendeukirai akasiya anoitwa");

}

mumwe

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Error motokari iri mira kutenderera chinoratidza pari isipo.");

}

}

///

/// A yakafanana nzira tiine chijana

///

paruzhinji anoshayiwa MoveRight ()

{

kana (_isMoving)

{

Console.WriteLine ( "Tendeukai kodzero rakatangwa zvinobudirira");

}

mumwe

{

Console.WriteLine ( ". Chikanganiso motokari asina kuzununguswa kubva pachivara Turning wazvo zviri panguva iyoyo chiito, hazvibviri kuita ..");

}

}

}

}