Atkinson kutenderera uchidzidzira. Atkinson kutenderera injini maererano

Internal injini inoshandiswa kumotokari kuti zana remakore. Kazhinji, nheyo kushanda kwavo haana ndavhiyiwa huru kuchinja kubva pakutanga kusunungurwa. Asi sezvo injini ichi ane mugove zvainovhiringidzawo, mainjiniya hatimiri wekuvamba zvakagadzirwa kuti kuvandudza injini. Ngativhurei mumwe, unonzi Atkinson kutenderera. Nhasi, unogona kunzwa kuti rinoshandiswa mune dzimwe motokari. Asi chii uye sezvo muinjini paanodzikama naye?

Atkinson kutenderera

Nikolaus Otto, makanika kubva kuGermany, wakatangwa muna 1876 kutenderera zvinosanganisira:

• rubvumo;
• compression;
• Kurohwa;
• kusunungurwa.

A gumi gare gare, asi Chirungu muvambi Dzheyms Atkinson kuikurukura. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa zvose, rinogona kunzi yepakutanga chaizvo kuti kutenderera mhando Atkinson.

Internal combustion injini vari qualitatively zvakasiyana. Pashure pezvose, kuti crankshaft iri zvaizopedza kuda pfungwa, vachibvumira simba kurasikirwa kuburikidza kukweshera ipfupi, uye ari compression reshiyo inowedzerwa.

Uyewo, zviri wakapindwa nevamwe gasi kugovera danho. On a kwakajairika injini pisitoni rinovharwa pakarepo pashure kupfuura vakafa pfungwa. A akasiyana zano iri Atkinson kutenderera. Pane Kurohwa substantially refu, sezvo vharuvhu anovhara chete hafu nzira kuburikidza pisitoni kumusoro akafa centre (apo pane kare Otto compression).

Tichingotarisa vakarongeka Otto Atkinson kutenderera vanenge gumi muzana. Zvisinei, hazvina kushandiswa kwenguva refu, vari tsika, nokuti iye anogona kushanda ari uchishandisa muoti chete kana mukuru aimhanya. Uyezve zvaida zvokuimba supercharger, iyo unowanzonzi zvose izvi "Atkinson-Miller kutenderera". Zvisinei, zvinoita sokuti kubatsira kukura zvaiona vakarasika kwaari.

Saka, muna mota akadaro Atkinson kutenderera ari tsika iri anenge asina kushandiswa. Asi vakaberekwa yokutevedzera akafanana Toyota Prius, vagadziri vakatanga kurishandisa kunyange dzakatevedzana. Izvi zvakaitwa kuti nemhaka yakananga nokushanda kwemarudzi aya injini: kamari nokukurumidza motokari runoita nokuda yemagetsi traction panguva kumhanyisa uye chete Minamato haipindurwe kuti peturu chikwata.

nguva

Origin Atkinson kutenderera injini aiva kura gasi kuparadzirwa mashandiro, emitting ruzha guru. Asi kana, nemhaka kuwanikwa American Charles Knight panzvimbo yekushandisa simbi mavharuvhu pamwe nemotokari kushandisa chinokosha spools muchimiro vachipiwa dzisimbe izvo akaronga pakati humburumbira uye pisitoni, injini akapotsa arega kuita ruzha. Zvisinei, kunzwisisa akagadzira kushandiswa hwatinopiwa zvinodhura chaizvo, asi zviri zvikuru nomukurumbira mavanga mota vatyairi vakanga vakagadzirira kubhadhara zvivanakire ichi.

Kunyange zvakadaro, atova hatina ari thirties yokuchinja ichi vakaramba, nekuti injini vakanga pfupi, uye kudyiwa peturu uye mafuta ari zvakare guru.

Engine kukura munharaunda iyi vanozivikanwa nhasi - zvichida mainjiniya vachakwanisa kubvisa zvinokanganiswa muenzaniso naCharles Knight uye kushandisa.

muenzaniso Universal ramangwana

Pari, vagadziri vakawanda kare kutanga yezvisikwa Motors, izvo zvichaita kubatanidzwa, uye peturu simba zviyero, uye rakaisvonaka traction uye kunyatsoshanda kuti Diesel injini.

Panyaya iyi, kungoratidza chokwadi chokuti peturu zviumbu rine zvakananga mafuta jekiseni, yakasvika yakakwirira compression indekisi Unorudzi nenhatu kana gumi inokwana zviyero (mu Diesel michini, ichi pamwero ndiyo zvishoma kupfuura gumi kana gumi nemapfumbamwe) chinoratidza matanho kubudirira mirayiridzo iyi. Ivo kunyange kushanda saizvozvo sezvo dzakabatana pamwe compression kuvesa. Chete kushanda musanganiswa anofanira artificially dzakaparira kenduru.

In experimental yemashoko compression rinosvika kunyange yakakwirira - kusvika gumi kana gumi dzakabatana. Asi asati car-kuvesa kusvikira pamwero rinosvika. Asi mwenje Akaremara akapfeka yunifomu inofamba, vachibvumira injini haizoshandisi kuti nzira yakafanana Diesel injini, uye kungonyanya zvishoma mafuta.

The combustion inodzorwa mukombiyuta, kuchinja zvichienderana nechitarisiko ezvinhu.

The Developers vanoti injini iri mari chaizvo. Zvisinei, nokuti vakawanda kugadzirwa haisi kutsvakurudza zvakakwana yave ichiitwa.

The shanduka compression reshiyo

The chakarurama kunokosha chaizvo. Mushure simba Kushanda uye mutengo iri zvakananga novimba yakakwirira mwero compression. Sezvingatarisirwa, hazvibviri kuwedzera nokusingaperi. Naizvozvo, kwenguva yakati kukura yamira. Zvikasadaro pane ngozi detonation, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti kukuvara injini.

Kunyanya simba zvazvingava ichi zvinoratidzwa injini pamwe supercharging. Pashure pezvose, ivo vanotsamwira kusimbaradzwa, uye saka chikamu ndingangokuvara triggering ari detonation iri substantially yepamusoro. Naizvozvo, compression reshiyo dzimwe nguva zvakakodzera kuti kuderedza, nekuti izvo, Chokwadi, uye injini kunyatsoshanda kunodzikira.

Zvakanakisa, kuti compression reshiyo vanofanira siyana zvakanaka sechinhu kushanda uchishandisa muoti uye mutoro. Development aiva mugove, asi vachiri kunzwisisa uye zvinodhura.

The kunozivikanwa Saab

Migumisiro yakanakisisa vakanga kubudirira nokuda boka Saab, kana ukasunungurwa 2000, shanu-humburumbira injini, iri 1.6 litres vhoriyamu vakapa anenge maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu mabhiza. Kubudirira uku nhasi sokuti hakungagoni.

Injini iri muzvikamu zviviri umo nhengo dzine chokuita mumwe neboka hinji nzira. Zvayaiva pasi crankshaft, unobva pematanda uye pistons, uye musoro - pamwe humburumbira misoro. Hydraulic ngarurege anokwanisa kuteura chidimbu aine humburumbira musoro uye kuchinja compression reshiyo apo nokufambisa yacho compressor. Pasinei kubudirira pakukura aifanirawo vambomira nekuda kwemitengo yezvinhu kuvakwa.

Nyore uye nyore

Saka, tinogona kugumisa kuti injini unomhanya pamusoro Atkinson kutenderera, akabatanidzwa basa rinokosha munzira kuvandudzika pakati injini mashandiro mune ramangwana. Kunenge kuti kuvandudzika kwakavakirwa mumwe, dzomunyika injini vachatitaka, pakupedzisira, kuti Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri nokushanda kwadzinoita.