Automaton yemwoyo wemunhu: tsanangudzo, tsanangudzo, node uye chidimbu

Iko automaton yemwoyo inokonzera rhythmic yechirongwa pasi pekuita kwemafungiro anobuda mairi pasina simba rekukurudzira kubva kunze. Automatism inobatanidzwa mumuviri wose uye muzvikamu zvakasiyana, asi kwete mumutsipa wemwoyo. Pane uchapupu hwechiitiko ichi - kukanganisa kwechimiro chechirongwa chemhuka nemunhu, kurega kubva pane zvose uye kubviswa kunze kwemuviri.

First-Drivers Drivers

Mukusarudza kuti zvinorevei nemoyo wakangwara, zvakawanikwa kuti mafungiro emagetsi anogona kuwanikwa mumasero eyoyypical myocardium. Kana munhu wacho aine hutano, zvino izvi zvinotarisana nechepamusoro pechirwere chekuita sinoatrial nekuda kwekuparadzaniswa mumasero nemagadziro uye chimiro kubva kune zvimwe zvivako. Izvo zvakarongwa mumapoka, zvine chimiro chechigadziro, uye chakakombwa nechemberi membrane. Zita rechipiri remasero aya ndiro madzishe emhanzi wekutanga kutanga (pacemakers). Shanduro inoshandiswa mukati mavo inowanika pamwero wakakwirira, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, metabolites inoramba iri mukati memvura, isina nguva yokutsungirira.

Mukuwedzera, chimiro chezvinhu zvinotevera:

• Kunyanya kukwirira kwekamisiyumu uye iononi ions.
• Chinhu chiduku chemuviri unogona.

Pamusana pemusiyano muhuwandu hwe sodium uye potassium, pombiyumu-potassium pump haisi kunyanya kushanda.

Heart Automatics Research

Kwenguva yakareba kwenguva refu, moyo wekutsvaga hauna kuongororwa zvakakwana, kunyangwe pasinei nekuwedzera kwevachasayenzi mune izvi. Nzira yaStannius ligatures ndeyekuzivikanwa kwechiitiko chekuedza kwakaitwa kuburikidza nekubviswa kwedzimwe nhengo dzemoyo frog kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwekupfeka. Somugumisiro, zvakazoitika kuti pane 2 nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa mumuviri zvishoma.

Chimwe chazvo chiri munharaus sinous, chinokurudzira rhythm of contractions, yechipiri - iri muchikamu pakati pe ventricle uye atria (inonziwo yakavanzika). Basa rake rinotanga chete mushure mekuregwa kwe1 centre. Mwoyo wemisungo, iyo iri kure kubva kumativi maviri, inoshanda - inoderera-yoga. Nokudaro, automaton yemoyo wemunhu inobatanidzwa nemafungiro anobva kune aya nzvimbo.

The Landerhard Method

Kuti udzikise mwoyo kubva mumuviri, nzira yeLandergorf inoshandiswa. Zvinorehwa ndezvizvi:

1. Mwoyo wakanyanyisa uye gorosi inowanikwa mu-aorta, iyo yakabatanidzwa kune mudziyo wegirazi.
2. Mhinduro yacho izere neRinger's solution pamwechete nejluse, kana kuwedzerwa ropa rakasvibiswa kunogona.
3. Mhinduro yacho yakazara neoksijeni uye inopisa kune imwe yechando (inenge 48 degrees Celsius).
4. Mvura inotanga kuyerera pasi pekumanikidzwa kupinda mu-aorta, mavhavha anoputika, uye mvura inoshandiswa inotungamirirwa kune maronary arteries, iyo inofanirwa kudyidzisa nhengo yose.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, nhengo yemhuka kana munhu ari kukwanisa kushanda kwenguva yakareba, ichi ndicho automaton yemwoyo. Uchishandisa nzira iyi, unogona kudzorera kutora kwemwoyo, izvo zvave zvamira kare maawa mashomanana adarika. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, kwekutanga, nhengo yemwana muduku akadzorerwa, uye gare gare mwoyo wakadzorerwa , usingashandisi kwemaawa anenge 48. Mushure mokupedza mhinduro kuburikidza nemidziyo, kurohwa kwemwoyo kwakapedza maawa gumi nemashanu.

Tsanangudzo yenzira yekugadzirisa

Iko automaton yemwoyo yevanhu inotanga nechinangwa che diastole, kuratidzwa kwaro ndiko kufamba kwesodium muchitokisi. Icho chibvumirano chinogona kuitika munyaya iyi chakanyanya kuderedzwa, kukosha kunowedzera kusvika pahuwandu hwehuwandu hwekudzivirira. Mhosva ye membrane inononoka, uye kupera kwemazuva mashoma kwe diastole inotanga. Nzira dze calcium uye sodium dzinosvinudzwa muchikamu chekudengenyeka kwekukurumidza, iyo ion inotanga kuenda kusero. Somugumisiro, mutero wacho unotanga kuderera zvakanyanya uye unosvika zero, mushure mokunge unoshanduka kune imwe. Iyo sodium inofamba kusvikira kuenzana kweyoni yayo (electrochemical) inosvika.

Chikamu chepaiti chinouya. Pano kufamba kwe calcium kunopfuurira. Nhengo dzemoyo dzinoramba dzisingagoneki panguva ino. Kana kuenzaniswa kunosvika pamusoro peioni inopindirana, chikamu chinopera uye kugadzirisazve kunowanikwa, izvo zvinoreva kudzoka kwemuviri wechipfuva kune chikwangwani chepakutanga.

Automated Heart Units

Nzvimbo inokosha mumatambudziko akaoma inoshandiswa node dzomwoyo wekutsvaga. Nhamba yekutanga yekuita inonzi sinoatrial. Ndiyo mutyairi we rhythm wekutanga, iyo inopa huwandu hunowanzoitika hwepfungwa dze mwoyo. Iyo iri pedyo nenzvimbo iyo yakakwirira vena cava inopinda. Chimiro chayo nhamba shomanana yehutanda hwemitsipa yemwoyo neuronal kuguma. Nhamba yepiri yechipiri inonzi "atrioventricular node". Uyu ndiye mutyairi akavanzika we rhythm rwechipiri. Node yechitatu-yakarongedzwa inomiririrwa nemasero ekuitisa chirongwa chemhepo.

Vose vari pasi-rhythm vatyairi vese vanotsigira kuwanda kwechikwata chinopesana kana pane moyo wakakwana. Muchiitiko ichi, kuwedzerwa kwezvipembenene zvevhirikiriya zvinosvika pachidiki, uye varwere vanomiswa nemagetsi emagetsi, kureva, chimiro chekugadzirisa magetsi.

Kubudirira kwezvinogona

Izvo zvinogona kuita nodeti ye sinoatrial yakasiyana neyeiwanzo zvishoma zvishoma - 50 mV. Muhutano huripo, zvinogona kuonekwa panzvimbo ino nekuda kwekuvapo kwemasero anenge ari vatyairi ve rhythm yokutanga. Zvimwe zvezvikamu zvemwoyo, pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvakare zvinoumba mafungiro emagetsi kana chimwe chinhu chinokurudzira chinoshandurwa, uyewo nhamba yekutanga yekugadzirisa yakavharwa. Muchiitiko ichi, chizvarwa chepulses pane yechipiri-nzvimbo yekuchengetedza (nguva dzinenge makumi matanhatu / min) inoonekwa. Kana chichikurudzirwa pane node, masero echikwata anofara, kuwanda kunopera kusvika 30 (zvinotyaira chetatu-kuronga rhythm).

Izvo zvinogona kuitwa zvevamwe pacemakers zvakananga zvakaenzana nehupamusoro membrane kuperera kwe calcium uye ion ioni, uyewo nekuderera kwekuperevedza kweyoni ye potassium.

Automatic gradient

Automaton yemwoyo mumamiriro ezvinhu akazara ezvikamu zvose zvegadziriro inodzvinyirirwa node-ster-arterial, iyo "inopa" rwiyo rwayo. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, zvose zvikamu zvegadziriro nemitambo yavo inovakwazve kushanda panguva imwechete. Icho chimiro chekutsvaga kwemwoyo ndicho chinhu chinokwanisa kugadzirisa zvishoma nezvishoma kubva panzvimbo yekugadzirisa mafungiro, kureva, node yekutanga.

Izvo zvisingazivikanwi chinokonzera kuchinja kwakakomba mumutengo wemasero, iyo inomuka pakarepo. Automaton yemwoyo inogona kusanganiswa nekuchengetedzwa mukati mevanotya zve rhythm ye acetylcholine. Vazhinji masayendisiti vanodavira kuti izvi zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwemagetsi emasereji aya, anokwanisa kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu epamusoro.