Mvura yakadzika yakadzika. System yepamusoro vena cava. Pamusoro uye mumvura mitsetse yakadzika

Izvo-circulatory system inhengo inokosha yemuviri wedu. Pasina iyo, basa rinokosha revanhu nhengo dzemaviri hazvigoni. Ropa rinodyisa muviri wedu ne oksijeni uye inobatanidzwa mune zvose zvinoshandiswa mumagetsi. Zvikepe uye mitsipa, iyo iyo "simba rinotyisa" inotakurwa, inotamba basa rinokosha, naizvozvo kunyange kabhorosi duku inofanira kushanda zvakakwana.

Mwoyo chete ndiwo unokosha zvikuru

Kuti uchinzwisise moyo yematambudziko epfungwa, unoda kuziva zvishoma zvayo. Mwoyo wemunhu ane makamuri mana akaparadzaniswa nekuparadzanisa mumakumi maviri ehafu: kuruboshwe uye kurudyi. Hondo imwe neimwe ine atrium uye chiremera. Izvo zvinoparadzaniswa ne-septum, asi nemavheji anobvumira mwoyo kuputira ropa. Izvo zvipfeko zvinokanganisa zvemoyo zvinomiririrwa nemine mitsetse: midziyo miviri (kumusoro uye yakadzika midzi ine mvere) inoyerera ichienda kune inrium yakarurama, uye kuruboshwe kuruboshwe - mishonga miviri yemapemonari.

Izvo-circulatory system iri mumoyo inomiririrwa ne-aorta uye trummon trunk. Pamusoro peaorasi inowedzera kubva kuruboshwe, ropa rinopinda nhengo dzose uye maviri emumuviri womunhu, kunze kwemapapu. Kubvira pakurongwa kwakarurama kuburikidza nemapuraneti, ropa rinofamba pamwe nechepakati kaduku reropa, iro rinopa bhaonchi neapapu alveoli. Ndiyo nzira iyo ropa rinopararira mumuviri wedu.

Zvimwe zvipfeko zvepfungwa: iyo yakakura yevheji yakazara

Sezvo mwoyo uri muduku muhuwandu, zvigadzirwa zvepachiviriya zvinomiririrwawo nemaduku, asi akareba-masvingo emakumbo. Mune mhirizhonga yepakati yemwoyo kune mutsara wakaumbwa nekusanganiswa kwemashure uye kurudyi kwemakumbo echechiocephalic. Inonzi iyo yepamusoro vena cava uye inoreva kuwanda kwemazana ekupararira kweropa. Kureba kwayo kunosvika 25 mm, uye urefu hunobva pa5 kusvika ku7,5 cm.

Iyo yakasvibiswa yevheji yakadzika yakadzika zvakakwana mune peicardial cavity. Kuruboshwe rwomudziyo ndiko kukwira kunokwira kwe aorta, uye kurudyi ndiyo chirwere chemukati. Kurutivi rwacho kunoputika nzvimbo yepasi yemudziyo wekodhi yakarurama. Iyo thymus gland uye mapapu akanaka ari pamberi. Ukama hwakadaro hwepedyo hwakazara nekudzvinyirira uye, nokudaro, kuora kwekupararira kweropa.

Mvura yakasviba yakasvibirira inoyerera ichienda kune yakakodzera paneriyamu pane imwe nharo yechipiri uye inounganidza ropa kubva pamusoro, mutsipa, kumusoro kwepamusoro nemaoko. Hapana mubvunzo kuti iyi midziyo miduku yakakosha zvikuru munharaunda yevanhu.

Ndeipi midziyo yepamusoro vena cava system?

Ropa rinotakura mitsetse iri pedyo nemwoyo, saka kana mwoyo masero akazorora, anoita seanomwisa. Nokuda kwekufamba uku kwakasiyana, kusimba kwakasimba kwakasikwa kwakasikwa muhurongwa.

Zvikepe zvinopinda muitiro wepamusoro vena cava:

• Mhou dzakawanda dzinomhanya kubva pamadziro emuviri;
• Zvikepe zvinomesa mutsi uye mhinzwa;
• Mitsetse yebhandi refudzi uye maoko;
• Mitsetse yemusoro nemutsipa.

Kubatana uye kuungana

Ndezvipi zvinowanikwa zvepamusoro vena cava? Nheyo huru dzinogona kunzi brachiocephalic veins (kurudyi uye kuruboshwe), zvichibva pakusanganiswa kwemukati jugular uye subclavia mitsetse uye kusina vheji. Nemhaka yekuramba yakadzvinyirirwa mukati mavo, kune ngozi yekumhanya kwemhepo panguva yekukuvara. Mutsara webo brachiocephalic uri kuruboshwe unopfuura shure kwechibato chikamu che sternum ne thymus, uye shure kwayo ibhu rinonzi brachiocephalic uye artery carotid arteri. Zita rakatumidzwa-rwonzi yemutsara weropa rinotanga nzira yaro kubva pamusangano we sternoclavicular uye inosvika kumucheto wepamusoro wezwi rakarurama.

Uyewo, kuputika ndiko mutsara usina kuberekwa, wakagadzirirwa nemagetsi ari mumuromo wawo. Iyi miviri inobva mudumbu remuviri, zvino inopfuura kurutivi rworudyi rwezvinyama zvekudzivirira uye kuburikidza nemuviri, unotevera mushure mokumhanya kusvika pakusangana kwekutenderera nepamusoro wevena cava. Iyo inounganidza ropa kubva kune miviri yechipfuva nemapfupa. Mhembwe isina kubvumira yakavata kune yakarurama pamitambo inopfurikidza yemagetsi e thoracic.

Neine anomalies yemwoyo, kune imwezve yakasara kumusoro kumusoro vena cava. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, inogona kuonekwa sechirwere chisina kumira, icho chisina kutakura mutoro pane hemodynamics.

Musoro nemutsipa mumidziyo

Mukati mutsara unenge mutsara wakakura uri kupinda muitiro wepamusoro vena cava. Ndiye uyo anounganidza ropa kubva mumakumbo emusoro uye chikamu mutsipa. Inotanga pedyo nechepamusoro payo yehenyare uye, ichienda pasi, inoumba muscular-neural bundle ine vagus nerve uye imwe yemaari carotid arteri .

Mazimbe emuvhu jugular akaparadzana kuva kushandiswa uye kuwedzera. Intracranial dzinosanganisira:

• Meningeal veins;
• Diploic veins (inopa mafupa ehenya);
• Zvikepe zvinotakura ropa kumeso;
• Mitsetse ye labyrinth (mukati yekunze);
• Mitsetse yeuropi.

Diplic vevheni dzinosanganisira: temporal (posterior uye anterior), frontal, occipital. Zvose izvi zviputi zvinotakura ropa mune zvivi zvehombodo yakaoma yeuropi uye hauna magetsi.

Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa ndezvi:

• Mhou yemukati inotakura ropa kubva pamakumbo, marama, earlobes;
• Dormant jaw.

Pharyngeal veins, iyo yepamusoro yemapuropa ehutachi uye yakasiyana, inopinda mukati mevheji yechipfuva mukati memutatu wepakati pemutsipa kurudyi.

Miviri yezvikamu zvepamusoro zvinoumba urongwa

Pamakumbo emakumbo akaparadzaniswa akadzika, akarara mumisungo, uye asingafungi, achipfuura pakarepo pasi peganda.

Ropa rinobva pamunwe mavo kusvika mumashure emvura, uye kutevedzerwa neplexous venous yakaumbwa nemuti midziyo. Musoro uye miviri miviri ndeye midziyo yepasi. Mhemberero huru inotangira kubva pamichindwe yemichindwe uye venous plexus yebrashe kumucheto. Iyo inoyambuka nechemberi uye inoumba mutsara wepakati weheta, iyo inoshandiswa mujoyi dzomukati.

Mipendero yemichindwe yakagadzirirwa mumadziya maviri eaknar uye emiromo yakasvibirira iyo inosangana pedyo nejoka rehokwe uye inobudisa mishonga miviri yebhonchi. Zvadaro midziyo inotungidza inopinda munzvimbo dzomukati. Mhepo inonzi subclavia inowedzera axillary uye haina matavi. Inobatanidza ne fascia uye periosteum yebambo rekutanga, nokudaro kuwedzera lumen yake apo ruoko ruchamutswa. Ropa rinopa iyi mutsara rakagadzirwa nemagetsi maviri.

Zvikepe zvebhokisi

Intercostal mitsetse inopinda nepakati penzvimbo dzomukati uye inotora ropa kubva munharaunda ye thoracic uye pamwe chikamu chemukati chemuviri. Majeko emidziyo iyi ndeyekudzivirira uye kupindira kwemitsipa. Iyo inoumbwa kubva kune vertebral plexuses iri mukati memugero wemugwagwa.

Vertebral plexuses inowanzogadzirisa kushandiswa kwemidziyo pakati pavo, ichibva pamusana wes occipital kusvika kumucheto wepamusoro we sacrum. Muchikamu chepamusoro chemutsara wepelinha plexous shomanana dzinokura dzichiva plexous dzakakura uye dzinopinda mumakumbo emutsana uye occiput.

Zvinokonzera kudzvinyirira kwepamusoro vena cava

Zvimwe zvinokonzera chirwere chakadai sokuti chirwere chenderera pasi revena cava chinokonzera chirwere ichi:

• Zvirwere zvepachikafu (adenocarcinoma, kenza yemapapu);
• Metastases mukenza yemazamu;
• Tuberculosis;
• Zagrudinny goiter wehutano hwetroroid;
• Syphilis;
• Soft tissue sarcoma nevamwe.

Kakawanda, kudzvinyirira kunoitika nekuda kwekumera kwechirwere chinotyisa mumadziro emvura kana masastasis. Chirwere chinogonawo kukonzera kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa mukati memwenje yemidziyo kusvika 250-500 mm Hg, iyo yakazara nekuputika nekufa kwevanhu.

Iro syndrome inoratidzika sei?

Zviratidzo zvehutano zvinogona kukura pakarepo pasina makamberi. Izvi zvinoitika apo iyo yepamusoro vena cava yakavharwa ne atherosclerotic thrombus. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zviratidzo zvinowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Murwere anoratidzika:

• Musoro uye chizivo;
• Chikoro nekuwedzera dyspnea;
• Pain mubhokisi;
• Nausea uye dysphagia;
• Kuchinja kwezviso zvakatarisa;
• Kupera;
• Kufuridzira kwemitsipa pachipfuva nemutsipa;
• Kuzvikudza nokuzvikudza kwechiso;
• Cyanosis yechiso kana chepfu.

Ongororo dzinoverengeka dzinodiwa kuti uongorore chirwere. X-ray uye Doppler ultrasound yakaratidza kuti inobatsira chaizvo. Nekubatsira kwavo, zvinokwanisika kuparadzanisa kuongororwa uye kupa chirongwa chakakodzera chokurapwa.