Cyprus chii nyika? Nhoroondo yeKupro. Flag of Cyprus

Cyprus chii nyika? Ngatitorei nyaya iyi pamwechete. Chokutanga pane zvose, tinocherechedza kuti iyi ndiyo nyika yakazvimirira kubva muna 1960. Pamberi payo, yakanga iri nyika yeBritain. Vamwe vevanhu vanotaura chiGiriki, vamwe muTurkey. Muna 1974, mauto eTurkey akapinda pachitsuwa chacho uye akatora chikamu chekumusoro. Kubva panguva iyo vaipfuura mazana zana nemakumi mashanu vaifamba vachienda kuKupro.

Nyika yacho chikamu cheEuropean Union, vanhu vayo vanonzi vaCyprus.

Nharaunda iri kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba

Cyprus yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri. Kurutivi rwokuchamhembe kunotungamirirwa neTurks. Vakagadzirwa munzvimbo ino TRNC - Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Zvisinei, inozivikanwa chete nevaTurkey pachavo. Vamwe vose vanodana nharaunda iyi inotora. I Republic of Cyprus ndeipi nyika? Changamire. Inowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwechitsuwa chacho. Dzimwe nguva zvinonzi nenzira inonzi chiGiriki Cyprus.

Chimwe chinhu chisina kururama

Cyprus chii nyika? Mamiriro ezvinhu ari mubvunzo, chokwadi, ane maitiro akazara emagariro neGreece, asi achiri kushandiswa. Iyo nyika inonyatsozivikanwa, iyo inopiwa zviri pamutemo nehuchangamire pamusoro pechitsuwa chose nemvura yakapoteredza. Chimwe chinongova zvitatu chete muzana yenharaunda, iyo, maererano nezvakanyorwa kune chirevo pamusoro pekugadzwa kwemaRipublic, inogoverwa UK kuti nzvimbo yezvigadziro zvechikepe. Kana iri iyo chaiyo mamiriro ezvinhu, chiwi ichi chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina:

- The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (iri kuchamhembe);

- Republic of Cyprus (kumaodzanyemba);

- iyo inonzi yakasvibirira mutsara inoparadzanisa zvikamu zviviri zviri kumusoro uye inodzorwa neUnited Nations;

- Nheyo dzechiuto mbiri dzeBritain - "Dhekelia" uye "Akrotiri".

Nhoroondo yeKupro

Ichi chitsuwa ndicho chechitatu chepamusoro pakati pevamwe vose muMediterranean. Tichifunga nezveKupro pamepu, munhu anokwanisa kunzwisisa kuti sei nyika yakakunda kukunda matambudziko mazhinji uye kuratidza kushandiswa nguva dzose kwevavengi. Zvose zvinotsanangurwa zvisiri nyore: kune vavakidzani vazhinji ichi chitsuwa chakatora basa regungwa, chaive chekubhadhara mitero uye yezvinhu zvakasikwa zviwanikwa. VaGiriki, avo vakaunza mararamiro kunyika idzi, vakarwiswa nevaAsiria, vaPersia, vaRoma, vaFenike, venetians, vaByzantine, vaLatin vanoparadza, vaBritish neTurkey. Vazhinji vaida simba pamusoro pechitsuwa ichi, asi vaGiriki vakakwanisa kuchengetedza nzvimbo yavo yekutungamirira.

Prehistoric period

Mune nguva yePaleolithic, chiwi chacho chakanga chisina kugarwa nevanhu, chete Cypriot mhou dzakareba (hippopotamus) dzaigara imomo. Izvi zvaiwanzosimbiswa neakawanikwa zvakasara zvemhuka. Zvinosuruvarisa, vose vakafa kunze kwekunge murume uyu aziva Cyprus. Zvakaitika munguva yeNeolithic, inenge mapfumbamwe-gumi zviuru gumi zvisati zvamboitika. Vanhu vekutanga vakauya nemombe-mbudzi, mhou, nguruve, imbwa. Zvitsva-zvakavezwa muCyprus zvakagadzirira kuvaka dzimba dzezvinonhuwira zvinopisa. Dzimwe dzimba dzakasvika mamita gumi paupamhi.

Uyezve, nhoroondo yeKupro inoshandura zvinoshamisa: munenge muna 3800 BC kwakave nekudengenyeka kwenyika kwakaparadza zvachose tsika yeNeolithic. Yera yemhangura-dombo rakauya kuzotora nzvimbo yacho. Kusvikira nhasi, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirwa zvakasara - zviputi nezvikorekiti zvakagadzirwa nemhangura yakachena.

Chikamu chinotevera chekusimbiswa kwenhoroondo pachiwi chinotaridzirwa chinosangana nekuuya kwevakabva kune Anatolia. Izvi zvakaitika munenge muna 2400 BC. E. Pakutanga kweBronze Age. Yaiva panguva iyi iyo dzimba dzekudzivirirwa dzakatanga kuonekwa, dzinopupurira mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ezuva iroro.

Takawana zvinhu zveCheramic zvine chokuita neHer Age, tibvumira kugumisa kuti Cyprus yakanga iri pasi pesimba revaGiriki. Nguva yepakutangira kwechitsuwa ichi yakaguma nekuuya kweAsiriya, uye zvakare chiGiriki neRoma zvakanyorwa zvinyorwa, zvichirondedzera nezvemasango aya.

Antiquity

Munguva yekare kare Cyprus yakanga ichiri nharaunda yakakavhiringidzika. Muna 526 BC, vaPersia vakadzoka zvakare kubva kuvaEgipita, uye muna 449 chitsuwa chacho chaiva pasi pekutonga kweAtene. Vanokunda venyika dzakawanda dzenyika vakagunzva marwa eKupro kubva kune mumwe nemumwe kwenguva refu. Nokudaro, vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanosiyanisa nguva yeRoma, saka - Byzantine. Muna 1191, chitsuwa chacho chakatorwa neVaChrisaders pasi peutungamiriri hwaRichard the Lionheart. Gare gare, chitsuwa chacho chaigara nevaOttomans, pamwe chete neBritish.

Inter-communal tension period

Muna 1960 Cyprus yakawana rusununguko rwavo rwakamirira kwenguva yakareba. Vamiririri veTurkey, Britain neGreece vakabatanidzwa mukukurukurirana. Somugumisiro, chiwi ichi chakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zviviri - Turkish and Greek. Mutungamiriri wekutanga aiva Archbishop Makarios. Maererano neBumbiro reMitemo ra1960, zvivako zviviri zvakazivikanwa - ChiGiriki (inenge 80% yevanhu) uye Turkish (anenge 18%). Panguva imwecheteyo, vaTurkey veCypriot vakagamuchira chetatu chezvikamu zvose muhurongwa hwehutungamiri uye kodzero yekuti veto mitemo. Mukuwedzera, mumiririri wavo zvakare akava mutevedzeri wemutungamiriri wenyika.

Kuwedzera kukakavadzana pakati pemasangano kwakaguma nekupikisana kwezvombo. Ichi chakaitika muna 1963. Hondo yakaguma mushure mokunge kuiswa kweUnited Nations hondo yekuchengetedza rugare, asi kukakavadzana hakukwanisi kubhadharwa zvakakwana.

Kuita zvehondo kunotora

Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma akakonzera kukakavara mutsva muna 1974. Somugumisiro, junta rechiuto raiva musimba. Kuedza kwakagadzirwa neVaGreece Cypriot vakagadzirisa makumbo ekumanikidza kuita hurumende. Kusarudzwa pamutemo Mutungamiri Makarios kwakaparadzwa. Cyprus yakabatanidzwa zvakare neGirisi. Mazuva mashanu gare gare, vakuru vakuru veTurkey, vaine chikonzero chokudzivirira vaCypriot Turks, vakaunza mauto avo uye vakatora chikamu che40 muzana yenyika dziri kuchamhembe kwenyika. Somugumisiro wekukonana uku, vanhu vanenge zviuru zvitanhatu vakaurawa uye vanenge mazana maviri zviuru zvakasara pachiwi ichi somupoteri.

Munyika yakatora yeTurkey, zviyeuchidzo zvakaparadzwa, machechi eByzantine akapambwa, mitemo yakawanda yemitemo yakatengeswa kubva kunyika. Musi waNovember 1, 1983, Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus yakaziviswa. Kusvika ikozvino, hapana mamiriro munyika munozviziva. Dambudziko rekuparadzaniswa kwechitsuwa kunyange nhasi kune hanya nevaCyprus.

Symbolism

Mureza weKupro (chithunzi iwe unogona kuona pasi apa) chivara chena nechishongo chechitsuwa chacho. Muvara wekupedzisira ndeyorineni, uye haisi pangozi, sezvo inofananidzira mabhokisi akawanda emhangura akawanikwa muKupro pamusoro pezvuru zvitatu gore BC. Pasi pemufananidzo wechitsuwa pane matavi maviri emuorivhi, achiisa mapoka evanhu veTurkey nevaGiriki vanogara pachitsuwa chacho. Zvakakosha kuti kupfuura imwe mureza mupasi haishandisi mufananidzo wezvakaitwa nenyika.

Geographical location

Cyprus pamepu iri panharaunda yezvikamu zvinotevera: Asia Minor, North Africa neEurope. Ichi chitsuwa chinotangira kubva kumadokero kuenda kumabvazuva kwe 240 km, uye kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba - kwemazana zana. Nharaunda yaro inopfuura 9 000 mamiriyoni emamita. Km. Gungwa reMediterranean, rinoshamba Cyprus, rinoita kuti nyika inakidze kune vanogara muhombe. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa inowanikwa pasi-yakanyarara, zvishoma nezvinyorwa, uye iri kuchamhembe-dombo uye yakawanda. Kureba kwavo kwakakwana anenge anenge mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu makiromita.

Hurongwa hweCyprus ndeye 35º1000 kuchamhembe kwakadziva uye 33º2100 kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva.

Zviratidzo

Geography yeKupro inokweretesa kune yakatanga kuputika kwemhepo kunonyanya kuputika pamakwikwi eAfrica uye Asia geographical plates, zvichibva pakugadzirwa kwechitsuwa chacho. Kununurwa kunowanzova makomo. Inenge makiromita 150 kubva kumhenderekedzo yekuchamhembe kunotarisa Kyrenia maguta (kureba kwakakwirira 1023 m) uye Karpas (iyo yakakwirira kupfuura mamita 364). Izvo zvakasiyana mukugadzirwa, sezvo zvakasikwa pasi pesimba rekusaenzana kwemamiriro. Nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba nechepakati dzakapoteredza dzinotarirwa neTroodos makomo.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvekuKupro zvinoshamisa? Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yechitsuwa iri mumigwagwa yemhepo nemigwagwa yegungwa inoita kuti ive chinhu chakakosha chinangwa cheEastern Mediterranean.

Mamiriro ekunze

Mamiriro ekunze muCyprus akasimba uye anononoka. Icho chiri kutyisa kweMediterranean, saka chiyero chekugara kwevanhu vepachivako ichi chakakwirira kudarika, semuenzaniso, maAmerica kana maChirungu. Vanhu vokuCyprus vanowanzosangana nezvirwere zvinotapukira.

Muzhizha, kutonhora kunoputika pakati pe25-35 degrees Celsius, uye munguva yechando inenge isina kumbowira pasi +10 Celsius. Nguva kubva munaOctober kusvika muna April inowanzonaya. Nguva yakanakisisa yenguva yezororo iri kubva munaJune kusvika kuSeptember. Vafambi vekufamba-famba vanosarudza kuenda kuCyprus munguva yechando, apo maruva anotumbuka. Mhando dzekufudza meadows muTroodos dzinonakidza zvechokwadi.

Mineral resources

Chitsuwa ichi chinoumba mhangura, marble, sulphate lime (gypsum), bentonite ivhu uye dyes (natural, umbra). Kuvonga kwekutengeswa kwezviwanikwa izvi, mari yeCyprus inowanikwa gore negore nemamiriyoni makumi maviri nemazana maviri emamiriyoni.

MunaDecember 2011, gasi chaiyo yakawanikwa yakawanikwa pachitsuwa ichi (kumaodzanyemba kwegungwa). Nhamba yavo inofungidzirwa inobva ku 160 kusvika ku 255 biliyoni cubic mamita.

Vegetable world

Shrubs evergreen inokura pamapani uye mumakomo. Masango anokwanisa kuonekwa kunyanya mumakomo, ayo akaumbwa nemouki, makaspresses, Aleppo pine uye giant cacti. Kune maruva nemaruva emarimu. Pakazara, 1890 miti yakasiyana yemiti inokura munharaunda yeKupro, pakati pavo pane yakaoma, iyo, inongoratidzwa chete mundima iyi. Mumasango iwe unogona kuwana anemones, uye pamastelands uye mumigwagwa - asphodel. Munguva dzekare, vaifungidzirwa sevane nhume dzenyika.

Animal world

Mhuka dzeKupro hadzina kupfuma semaruva. Iko kunorarama mhashu dzomusango, mazhenje, makamonions, turtles, mashuruse emusango, caresses, nyoka uye squirrels. Shiri dziri pachitsuwa chacho dzinopfuura mazana matatu emarudzi, pakati pavo majee, maziso makuru, njiva, majeka, makunguo, makungu, eagles, kumakuva, nightingales uye kites.

The Religion

Vazhinji vevaKupro vanobatana nekutenda kwechiKristu. Kune machechi akawanda eOrthodox pachiwi. Maererano nemutemo, chitendero chiripo zvakasiyana nedzimwe nyika. Vagari vose vakasununguka kusarudza kutenda kwavo pachavo. Saka, kuCyprus, kurarama uye vaKristu, uye vaJudha, uye vaIslam, uye vaHindu.

Attractions

Cyprus chii nyika? Independent uye akanaka! Vagadziri vekare vanokwezva nematongo emaguta ekare, matemberi, temberi, dzimba dzekugara. Kuwanda kwezviyeuchidzo kunotsanangurwa nezvokuti munguva yeAntiquity nguva chiwi chacho chaiva pakati pekutengeserana kweMediterranean uye chaive chikonzero chekupindirana kwemigwagwa yegungwa muMiddle Ages.

Nicosia

Guta iri nderimwe rekare kudarika munyika. Nicosia muzana remakore rechigumi aiva nechinzvimbo cheguta guru rechitsuwa. Panguva ino, haisi yakasimbiswa apo kunyatsogadzirisa uku kwakatangwa. Nzira dzevanhu vekutanga vanogara kune dzeBronze Age. Panguva iyoyo guta raiva nezita rakasiyana - Ledra.

Parizvino, Nicosia anowanidza mutsara wekutsvaga, asi kunyange chokwadi ichi hachibvumi kubva pakuronga kwayo. Chikamu chikuru cheguta chakakomberedzwa nemasuwo eVenetian rusvingo, yakagadzirirwa muna 1570, uye mabhuku makuru emabwe. Iine hurongwa hwehuni uye inonzi Old Nicosia.

Imwe yakagadziriswa yakagadzirirwa inyanzvi yeNicosia ndiyo Gedhi reNeragusta, mukati umo maonesheni uye manheru emimhanzi zvinoitwa. Munharaunda yeguta iwe unogona kukudza dzimba dzekare dzemakestone, uchitenderera pamwe neFreedom Square uye unoshanyira mabhizinesi anonakidza, mabhizimusi ezvitoro uye mahoitorendi.

Hausi kure nemagedhi eFaraagusta chechi yekare yeByzantine yeChrysaliniotisa, yakagadzirirwa kure ne1450.

Uye kunze kwemasvingo eVenetian kune chimwe chinhu chaunoda. Saka, pane imwe nzvimbo yemvura yakasera iyo Pisita yakaputsika. Iyi nzvimbo yakafanana nedzimwe yakakodzera yekufamba murugare. Pedyo neye Museum of Cyprus. Mumakamuri ayo ane gumi nemana pane dzakawanda zvekuchera matongo zvakaratidzwa.

Limassol

Guta iri - rechipiri guru pane Nicosia, riri kumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba kwechitsuwa chacho. Haisi yakare seye guta guru, asi inokwevera vatashanyi vashoma nekuda kwemahombekombe akanaka uye nzvimbo dzekugara. Pakati pemazuva ekupedzisira - Centrulos, Amatos uye Yermasoyas. Mukuwedzera, Limassol ine zviyeuchidzo zvekare zvezvakaitika kare, pakati payo kunyange chivakwa chakavakwa mukukudza Pushkin.

Pedyo neguta ndiro chitsuwa cheTroodos - chikuru chakaisvonaka. Panharaunda yaro ndiyo nzvimbo yekare yekugara kwevatongi - imba yeKolossi, yakavakwa ne Knights Hospitallers. Iyo shongwe ine chiteshi chekucherechedza nechitarisiko chinoshamisa cheainge akapoteredza.

Amathus

Iri rimwe guta rekare reKupro. Panguva ino, pane matongo chete akasara kwaari. Iyo yakasimbiswa kuti yakavakwa pamusoro pemakore ane chiuru isati yasvika. Mumakore mazana matanhatu anotevera, Amathus akabudirira uye akavandudza. Muzana remakore reVII. AD Guta rakarwiswa nemaArab. Vanokunda havana kurega Amathus, semugumisiro, zvakaparadzwa zvikuru. Pakupedzisira, yakaparadza pasi guta rino Richard the Lionheart. Panzvimbo yezvivako, vanochera matongo vakakwanisa kuwana mabhati, nzvimbo tsvene yeAphrodite, mugwagwa wemvura uye kereke yekutanga kwechiKristu.

Vavakidzani veAmathus kwete pasina chikonzero vanonzi Cyprus Riviera - kune chic gungwa, mamiriro okunze akanaka, mahotera akakwirira, mahombekitari epamusoro-soro, maresitorendi uye makirasikiti.

Embassy muRussia capital

Nzira yekuwana vhiza sei kushanyira chitsuwa chinotsanangurwa? Kuti uite izvi, unofanirwa kushanyira Embassy yekuCyprus. MuMoscow inowanikwa pa: ul. Maawa ekupora, 9. Maawa ekuzarura - kubva pa30 kusvika ku30. Panguva imwe chete, zvinyorwa zvinogamuchirwa kusvikira zviviri masikati, asi zvinobudiswa kubva kune maviri kusvika matatu. Iyo vhiza inobviswa kubva pamatatu kusvika kune gumi namana. Pari zvino, mari yekubhadhara ndiyo 15 euro.

Mhedziso

Cyprus - chitsuwa chepi nyika? Takaona kuti panguva ino ane kodzero. Iyi nyika haisi kuzviisa kuGreece kana kuTurkey. Ndosaka mubvunzo wenyika ipi muKupro isiri yakarurama, uye inogona kukuvadza manzwiro evanogara.