Bank reserves dzavo inotungamirwa. Fanira pamahombekombe reserves uye mwero

Nokuuya pamusoro Central Bank uye kukura mari mutemo matura ezvokutengeserana mabhanga dzakatangwa panguva hurumende yakati sandara, uyewo chikwereti nemasangano. Nokuda kwavo raitungamirwa uwandu zvakafanana residues (yokutsiva) Nhoroondo kana mamiriro kuti muchiuto kwavo. Ngatimboongororai zvimwe chii chinoumba fanira bhengi reserves.

tsananguro

Bank reserves nechokwadi Kuwanikwa mari kumeso kuurayiwa muripo mitoro chokuita chemhosva nomunhu deposits uye misha nemamwe masangano zvemari. Nemamwe mashoko, vanoita sechivimbiso. Zvokudya zvinofanira kuchengetwa nenzira mari mari sezvo deposits muna Central Bank kana muchimiro kuchengetedzeka kuwana munataisireva.

zvinodiwa

Nhasi, mune zvinenge zvose munyika pamwe musika upfumi vakapinda runodiwa reserves pakati kubhengi. Kubudirira ichi chokushandisa mari chikwereti murau akasimbisa uye dzinokosha tsvakurudzo, uye tsika dzakawanda. MuRussia, shoma zvinodiwa ave mungabva kuzopiwawo mutoro kune zvikwereti uye depositors pakuparwa caffeine pamusoro rezenisi iri sangano kuita kushandiswa. In tsika, kudzoka zvinoreva kuitika musimboti pamahombekombe reserves, zvakanaka-inodzorwa. Minimum zvinodiwa Anonyanyowanika kushandiswa yechinangwa mari uye zvikwereti murau kugadzirisa matambudziko-yakareba kudzikamisa riparadzirwe mari uye pakurwisa mitengo. chokushandisa ichi anoita somunhu limiter yevanhu mari wedzerai kukura uye kudiwa kutarisirwa nemabhengi reserves. chinangwa chacho chaicho anopiwa mu Regulation №342. Maererano tsanangudzo dziri chiito ichi, kushandisa huchashandiswa ichi zvinoita murau talk liquidity rwezvemabhengi RF mamiriro. Control mari makore ari kuitwa kudzikira mari multiplier.

chinangwa chikuru

In tsika, mabasa mari nemasangano munogara mukana kuzvironga varasikirwa. No sangano asingambovi kubva pavo 100%. Panyaya iyi, panguva kuvhiyiwa uye kurapa ngozi sangano zvemari nomumwe anofanira nechokwadi paumbwe kubhengi reserves. Kuti vave nechokwadi sangano ravo rakavimbika anofanira kusika mari siyana, mari izvo ichashandiswa kufukidza zvichida kurasikirwa. Nzira, maererano iyo inotungamirwa rinoitwa uye kushandisa kwavo kakawanda chinosimbiswa mitemo uye CB. Kukosha mari kubva haibatsiri pamberi mitero iri noMutemo mitero. Shoma uwandu reserves akasimbisa mabhanga Central Bank. Sezvo tsika inoratidza kushandisa "kuchengeterwa" kwakakodzera kana pane chinangwa tinofanira kuderedza mari nerubatsiro wechiGeorgian (kumbomira kana kudzora kukura) kuitira kudzivirira "overheating" hwenyika, kana kuti vawane chinangwa ichi ndiko kushandisa shoma anomukweretesa vanokwanisa mari masangano kuburikidza kushaya kwavari mumwe chikamu ari kubatanidzwa zvinoreva (kana kuwedzera chikamu ichi). Kubva ichi zvinoreva kuti Bank of Russia reserves - zvinoreva mari zvikoro kuunganidza sezvo kudiwa deposits, izvo zvinofanira risingabatanidzwi chero kutengeserana.

kupatsanura

Matura Banks, zvavo, vane chimwe chinangwa - kudzikamisa kungangokonzerwa mari uye nezvinhu, kana zvichidikanwa. Zvisinei, vari rakakamurwa mhando. Saka, zviri pamutemo kuchengeterwa ibhuku naro vanogadzirisa zvinonyatsorehwa liquidity wegadziriro. Rinoshandiswa nenzira Central Bank rekuona kuti anodzora nokuderedza kuunganidza mari zvebhizimisi mabhanga. mashandiro ichi ichikutadzisa anomukweretesa vanokwanisa makambani zvemari uye anoramba pamwero mari wedzerai wechiGeorgian. At paro, mutemo unoti reserves - izvi zvinoreva kuti yezvokutengeserana mabhanga vanofanira kuchengeta pamwe Central Bank. Vanoita sezvo mari zvinovimbisa Fund, iyo dzinovimbisa rakavimbika ari kuita mabasa kuti vatengi vavo. Kwakadaro reserves mabhanga ndiwo kwete zvikuru zvinodiwa sangano. Ivo kunobatsira munyika usapinde negwaro. Sezvo zvikuru emura, pfuma izvi hazvigoni kushandiswa mari kumasangano zvizere chimiro nezvavanosangana nazvo. Somuenzaniso, kana tsika ratanga chinhu water drainage mari depositors ', Reserve unogona chete kushandiswa mukati hwakagadzwa ndozvakajairwa.

hwaro

Ngachipiwe sechikamu noumhizha inoumbwa mari yezvinhu pagore kubva purofiti. Reserve Fund kunodiwa kufukidza nokurasikirwa mu nedanho chevanorwara zvemari. Akasika kuwedzera mugove guru. The normative allocations pakutsvaga mukuru musangano shareholders. The ukoshi anogona kunge mukati yakati chitsama guru mvumo. Financial zvebhizimisi anekodzero govera mari mu Reserve Fund chete kana kune batsiro. Saka kupera kwayo kuitwa kuwedzera mambure twa. The mari rinoungana mari yakagamuchirwa tsika zvemari mune vanhuwo nzira bhizimisi. Kuita kutapurirana purofiti kuti mari, rwezvemabhengi sangano rinopa kushandisa nhamba yaro zvinhu bedzi mune dzimwe nzira. The chikuru kwavari makabuda unhani kurasikirwa.

Bank reserves kuti fungidzira chikwereti Nokurasikirwa

zvisikwa zvavo anokonzerwa chikwereti nengozi ingamuka kunowanzoitika nzira bhizimisi. Gadziriro yakadaro kuti tikwanise kudzivisa kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu mubereko paainyora kure Nokurasikirwa pamusoro zvikwereti. Saka pane kukanganisa uwandu guru. Paumbwe reserves kwakadaro kunobva mipiro, izvo expensed rimwe chikwereti. Mari iyi inoshandiswa chete kufukidza kunoshamisa nengaidzo chikuru mutoro. Nokuda reserves izvi akaita nyora-offs kuti chikwereti Nokurasikirwa, zvisingaiti apore. Kana mari yakakwana bhadharika vakaziva shamisa kana akaipa, rwuripowo kurasikirwa nguva. Izvi akazoita mutero nehwaro chevanorwara zvemari.

Zvinoreva kuti vanotaura kuti kuchengetedzeka

Monthly pazuva rokupedzisira nokushanda zuva akaita revaluation kuti oupfumi mumigove panguva pamusika ukoshi. Under yokupedzisira vanofanira kunzwisisa weighted avhareji yemari kuchengeteka rimwe kwema kwakaitika mumakore zuva nezuva Stock Exchange kana achishandisa okisheni murongi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, sezvo musika chingava kukosha chaiyo pakati kuchengetedzeka ndapa pazuva rokupedzisira nokushanda musi, kuderedzwa nehafu. Kana pazasi bhuku mitengo, tsika nemari inofanira kumisa kuchengeterwa vanotaura. saizi yayo inofanira kuva anopfuura 50% kubva ati ukoshi. Órgãos rinoitwa mu wokupedzisira nokushanda musi romwedzi, zvakatengwa kuchengetedzeka. kukanzura Its rinoitwa panguva imwe chete ari pamudyandigere kuti migove. Provisioning Data sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zviri kuitwa aparadzane kuchengeteka nerimwe, pasinei kuwedzera kana kuramba zvachose kukosha kwavo.

Specificity Reserve kuti vanotaura

Kana zvinovawo zvakakodzera upfumi overestimation kuti provisioning. Zvisinei, kuti bhuku kukosha migove anoramba kuzochinja. Panyaya iyi, mari, asi, hadzina sechinhu kuchengeterwa sezvo chiito sezvo kugadziridzwa mugove mutengo kuti nhoroondo. Panoperera iri nhau mwedzi, mbiri tsika anofanira aongorore patsva kare akasika reserves kuti vanotaura kuti oupfumi inobva musika kukosha uye uwandu kuchengetedzeka.

mamwe

Kuwedzera kune izvi, pane dzimwe bhengi reserves. Ivo dzikarongwa mune boka zvichibvira nezvinhu pane zvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira, zvikurukuru, zvinosanganisira zvokudya:

• Under nepakati papepa yesangano pamwe nengozi vaaida.
• Kwemakore anoverengeka zviridzwa akanyorwa pakuenzanisa nhoroondo rokuzvidavirira.
• Forward kwema.
• Under vamwe varasikirwa.

kupatsanura zvokurwadza

Nokuti nazvo sangano zvemari chinowedzera paumbwe reserves, zviri kunzwisisa tsvagai ngozi iri kuuya nguva, chokuita panowanikwa ezvinhu anotevera:

1. Kuwedzera mari kana munataisireva zvichienzaniswa kare inotaurwa kuti ndizvidavirire.
2. Kuderedza mari chikwereti zvinhu.
3. Kukundikana kuzadzisa nokubatira kuchaitwa nezvirwere zvemari sangano vakaita kwema (zveefa), kana kukundikana zvinoenderana zvipikirwa vaanotonga, zvakakodzera mutsividzo muzvikwereti iyo inopiwa iri rwezvemabhengi sangano kushumira.

Kubva apa pamahombekombe reserves inonyatsobudirira ndiyo chete mari. Izvi imhaka yokuti tichiregeredza nzira yake, tsika zvemari kunogona kudzora zvavo mari. zvimwe zvose reserves nebhengi hadzina sechinhu kunobudirira. Izvi imhaka yokuti kuwedzera kukura haazorambi kubatsira kusimbisa sangano kukwanisa kukurira ezvinhu akaoma muka.

Gold uye vatorwa mari matura pamahombekombe

Vane mari yesangano dziri nemupristi liquidity inozivikanwa. Foreign Exchange reserves vari neKomisheni Central Bank uye Ministry of Finance. mamiriro avo zvinosanganisira:

1. Usapinde goridhe.
2. Spetsprava nokukwereta.
3. Reserve chinzvimbo World VF.
4. Foreign mari.

Mari reserves izvi zvinoratidzwa nechiyero jira musi, inobva US dhora.

sarudzo

reserves International vanoshumira se kuchengeterwa zvemari, kuburikidza icho muripo inogona kuitwa kana kuitwa voruzhinji chikwereti budgetary zvekushandisa kana zvakakodzera. Kuvapo kwavo, mukuwedzera, anobvumira Central Bank kushandisa kudzora simba pamusoro Ruble Gengi kuburikidza kupindira mune misika exchange. Ukuru kuchengeterwa ichi vanofanira zvikuru kufukidza Vhoriyamu vakawanda mari dzaivapo, kupa zvose private uye uchangamire kubhadhara pamusoro chikwereti chenyika uye kusimbisa-mwedzi 3 kupinzwa. Kana tinogona kuwana kwakakura dzakawanda reserves of Central Bank anokwanisa kushandisa zvinobudirira kudzora kwebasa Ruble Gengi uye mubereko prices.