Bhosvo, chiridzwa: a photo, tsanangudzo

Kufanana nevamwe chikwata chevaimbi zviridzwa, bhosvo - chiridzwa chine akasiyana inzwi uye nhoroondo dzinonakidza. Iye azere nhengo chikwata chevaimbi uye Jazz evapambi, asi chinangwa yakadaro yakafara aimbonetseka - zvakanzi pakurukurwa emakore rakamanikana kushanda uye michina kuvandudzika.

mavambo

Translated kubva Italian uye French «bhosvo» - guru chubhu kana chikuru nenyere. The zita "bhosvo 'anotanga kushandiswa muna Renaissance ari XV remakore. Dzinomirira dzendarira zvikamu, izvo zvinoita kuti uite huchashandiswa sendiri yakaderera uye negomba.

Akatangira chiridzwa bhosvo rinzwike ari anotaura Renaissance uye Baroque akanga sakbut. mazwi Vose kubvira kare sezvo anoreva zvakafanana, asi wakaiswa uye supersedes ose vamwe mushure XVII remakore, shoko rokuti "bhosvo".

Timbre uye tsananguro

bhosvo rinzwike sei? Chiridzwa, tsanangudzo chinogona kuwanikwa atova XV remakore, zvachinja kubva iyoyo haisi kwazvo. Zviri miviri hwakakungwa chubhu ine chinjwa Danho. Kupera nayo anopinda cone. chubhu kureba - metres matatu, dhayamita -. 1.5 masendimita Vanosungirwa zvose mhepo kutaura - bhosvo rinzwike zviri guru, mumwe woita mbiya.

In mufananidzo chiridzwa bhosvo inomira kunze. Kusiyana namajoko zvendarira, kuti bhosvo rinzwike zvikuru zvekushandisa, rinobvumira kumeso achichinja kubva chitsamba kucherechedza, kuita chromatic uye glissando.

Kusiyanisa soprano, Alto, sezvinoreva, Bass, contrabass zvakasiyana-siyana. The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa sezvinoreva bhosvo.

Anoshandiswa Range - G (munyu) kontroktavy kuna F (F) rechipiri pasi.

izwi rake - pasi, ruzha uye kuripo, zvakasiyana-vachiridza yakakwirira uye lowercase. Pamusoro pana kupenyerera uye rakajeka timbre, nechepasi - the kwakakwidibira uye anotyisa. Nokuda kwayo timbral unhu bhosvo rakava chiridzwa, munhu aivimba Solos uye rose mabasa.

The mashandiro nokurira kugadzirwa

Chiedza, akanininira nenzwi bhosvo rayo michina nezvaanogona nokuda kwayo chivako. Kusiyana nemamwe nendarira, bhosvo ane Mubatanidzi - ane elongated U-zvakaumbwa chidimbu kuti chikamu chiridzwa. Bhosvo kuburikidza nawo anowana mamwe hwokugadzira nezvaanogona - runogonesa kurira Range zvinoita nyore Vaiisa kubva katsamba kucherechedza (glissando).

Masikati muzana uye zvikamu nokushandisa kvartventilya uye kvintventilya kwakadaro kunobvira siyana dzaiva ndisipo munhau bhosvo.

Sezvinoita namajoko nendarira, mbeveve (muting) inogona kushandiswa mabasa bhosvo rinzwike.

yemubhaibheri Zvisaririra

Muchirumbidza huru pombi vari siyana chaizvo uye zvinowanika mumagwaro ekare. Muedzo kwehwamanda achiperekedzwa zviitiko zvinokosha uye akabudiswa ngirozi uye ngirozi huru. Vanotsvakurudza ndima yemubhaibheri uye mimhanzi kuti nguva vaidavira kuti chokushandisa ichi - hatsotsra - mhepo yekare, vaguely nowenyika hwamanda ano uye bhosvo, asi asina mapapiro. Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri kurira bhosvo mumabasa dzakawanda inzwi raMwari, mavambo chiratidzo rokutongwa.

nhoroondo antecedents

Documentary magwaro rocker chiridzwa akawana kare kare. Isidor uye Virgil zvinoratidza zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope chaiyo chubhu (tuuba ductills), apo inzwi dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yacho chinjwa chikamu. Chinonziwo kuti panguva Zvakafukunurwa yeRoma rePompeii ari XVIII remakore maviri trombones, asi kungoda Zvakawanikwa izvi dzakaita zvakawanda yezvechitendero kupfuura fait accompli zvakawanikwa.

vanotsvakurudza vakawanda vanodavira kuti trombones vekare vakanga vasiri ingano, asi nezvechitarisiko chavo uye ruzha zvinogona chete zvokufungidzira.

Yokutanga yepamutemo panotaurwa bhosvo uye mifananidzo chokuita XV remakore. Panguva ino hapana chishandiso chete zita: sakbut (Fr «sacquer» - zvuva uye «bouter» - kusunda.), Posaunen (Eng.), Tuuba ductili rinotaurwa pamwe bhosvo (Italy.). vari zvakafanana kazhinji kuwanikwa zvinyorwa siyana zvose. Popularity bhosvo ari XV remakore, yakakwirira zvakakwana - rinoshandiswa mune yechechi kuva chikamu ensembles enyika uye Solo chiridzwa. Zvinonzi anobvumirwa kushandisa napamitambo vehurumende Mhemberero uye muhondo.

Nenzvimbo ari mimhanzi mutsika

The nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of chiridzwa bhosvo rinzwike ari kuonekwa Germany kana Italy. Pano akararama vatenzi wokutanga, manufactures trombones vazhe youmambo sirivha.

In XVII-XVIII emakore. bhosvo yakava nechokuita wokuimba kare. Kuramba Ensemble uye Solo Chishandiso, iye anomira oga uye haana kuiswawo mumhanzi nziyo. Izvi hakutadzisi Vanyori vakawanda rokusika mabasa nokuda chiridzwa.

Kazhinji, chikuru pokushandisa bhosvo inzwi rakanga mumhanzi chechi iye vaimudana pamwe kana kuimba manzwi anoshandiswa ichi chakakwirira remazita.

Classical Symphony Orchestra, vakasikwa XVIII remakore naJ Haydn, haana kusanganisira bhosvo. Zviripachena, chokushandisa uyu akanzwa kuti sezvechinyakare zvakare uye ziso-nokukwezva ari harmonic inzwi Tutti. Mukuwedzera, nguva haisi zvaibva rwokugadzira kuvandudzika ake.

In chaiwo ezvinhu bhosvo, zvisinei, kushandiswa zvemimhanzi yemitambo. inzwi rayo akawana zvinoshamisa Hue ari operas pamusoro Gluck, uye V. A. Motsart anomupa tsaona uye zvinotyisa basa dhanzi "Don Giovanni" uye "Requiem".

Bhosvo ari chikwata chevaimbi

Nhanganyaya bhosvo sezvo chiridzwa ari chikwata chevaimbi yakanga chete pakutanga kwezana XVIII-XIX emakore. kubva L. V. Bethovena. Berlioz yokutanga nguva akamuita kwokukurukurwa Solo chikamu mune symphonic music, rinoratidza sechinhu chakanaka uye inokudzwa matauriro. Mazuva ano chikamu kwaya rinoshandiswa kazhinji trombones zviviri kana zvitatu (mbiri sezvinoreva uye bass). Vairidza Wagner, P. I. Chaykovskogo, Mahler, Brahms zvisinganzwisiswi pasina sonorous matauriro bhosvo uye nemauto, apo inzwi rake chokuita zvinouraya uye anotyisa masimba.

The symphonic mumhanzi P. I. Chaykovskogo kurira bhosvo unomiriri zvifananidzo Rock, Providence. In Wagner bhosvo, pamwe chete nemamwe nendarira rinofananidzira simba uye asingaurayiki simba, Rock mifananidzo. Uppercase R. Wagner akashandisa kuratidza rudo mashoko ( "Tristan uye Isolde"). Izvi kujairika kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kosi mberi mumimhanzi remakore rechimakumi maviri.

With rakawedzera kufarira bhosvo iri XIX remakore raishanda yakarambidzwa kwaiva kushandiswa glissando, rave richishandiswa chete Classics remakore rechimakumi maviri - A. Schoenberg uye Glazunov.

Bhosvo mu Jazz

Jazz bhosvo - mutsva basa chiridzwa. Kunotanga Dixieland yaitonga - mumwe kufamba Jazz mumhanzi wokutanga. Pano, kuti chishandiso kokutanga kuzivikanwa somunhu Solo zvazvinobatsira, kusika countermelody uye nounyanzvi kutomurova. The yakakurumbira Jazz trombonists - Glen Miller, Ngano Chidembo, Edward Kid Ory, akasika ravo kwokukurukurirana kutamba. Chimwe chedzidziso nzira - accented wemishonga nomumwe manotsi uye maitiro glissando bhosvo. Zvinoita rakasiyana inzwi Dixieland 20s. XX Century. Nemhaka imwe Jazz trombonist, Jazz manyorerwo chokuita Zviridzwa.

Bhosvo ruzha uye mumhanzi Latin America - zvakanzi anosimudzirwa achishanyira mishoni Jazz ensembles, yaiva chiridzwa bhosvo Solo.

Modern yaibvira ichiita mabasa akawanda bhosvo - kuita weclassical inzwi Jazz, dombo, uye dzimwe zvekunyanyisa uye mirayiridzo. Kushandiswa chokushandisa ichi kuri zvakawanda zvakasikwa uye dzinonakidza, uye nzvimbo trombonist mu kwaya kana Ensemble - zvose zvikuru hunoshamisa.